西秦岭岷-礼成矿带岩浆活动与金矿成矿模式探讨

岷-礼成矿带发现较多大型金矿,同时在岩体内发现斑岩型钼矿。金矿床矿石中除有低温矿物外,还有黄铜矿、白钨矿等中-高温矿物,白钨矿在寨上金矿中是载金矿物之一;钼矿中也有黄铜矿、白钨矿矿物;金、钼、钨矿化分带有一定空间关系;金矿床地球化学、稳定同位素、放射性同位素和流体包裹体的研究表明成矿物质,成矿流体有深源特征;中川岩体群的岩石学、年代学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素特征表明岩体为复式岩体,具有壳幔混源特征;据此建立成矿带内受印支-燕山期岩浆活动控制的金矿成矿模式。     

Emplacement of the La Peña alkaline igneous complex,Mendoza, Argentina (33° S): Implications for the early Miocene tectonic regime in the retroarc of the Andes

The La Peña alkaline complex (LPC) of Miocene age (18–19 Ma) lies on the eastern front of the Precordillera (32°41ʹ34ʺS, 68°59ʹ48″W, 1400–2900 m a.s.l.), 30 km northwest of Mendoza city, Argentina. It is a subcircular massif of 19 km² and 5 km in diameter, intruded in the metasedimentary sequence of the Villavicencio Formation of Silurian-Devonian age. It is the result of integration of multiple pulses derived from one or more deep magma chambers, which form a suite of silicate rocks grouped into: a clinopyroxenite body, a central syenite facies with a large breccia zone at the contact with the clinopyroxenite, bodies of malignite, trachyte and syenite porphyry necks, and a system of radial and annular dikes of different compositions. Its subcircular geometry and dike system distribution are frequent features of intraplate plutons or plutons emplaced in post-orogenic settings. These morphostructural features characterize numerous alkaline complexes worldwide and denote the importance of magmatic pressures that cause doming with radial and annular fracturing, in a brittle country rock. However, in the LPC, the attitude of the internal fabric of plutonic and subvolcanic units and the preferential layout of dikes match the NW–SE extensional fractures widely distributed in the host rock. This feature indicates a strong tectonic control linked to the structure that facilitate space for emplacement, corresponding to the brittle shear zone parallel to the N–S stratigraphy of the country rock. Shearing produced a system of discontinuities, with a K fractal fracture pattern, given by the combination of Riedel (R), anti-Riedel (R′), (P) and extensional (T) fracture systems, responsible for the control of melt migration by the opening of various fracture branches, but particularly through the NW–SE (T) fractures. Five different pulses would have ascent, (1) an initial one from which cumulate clinopyroxenite was formed, (2) a phase of mafic composition represented by dikes cross-cutting the clinopyroxenite, (3) a malignite facies that causes a small breccia in the clinopyroxenite, (4) a central syenite facies that develops breccias at the contact with the clinopyroxenite and, finally, (5) porphyry necks and a system of radial dikes intruding all units. At the moment of the emplacement different mechanisms would have acted, they summarized in: 1) opening of discontinuities synchronous to the magma circulation as the principal mechanism for formation of dikes and conduits; 2) stoping processes, that play an important role in the development of the breccia zone and enabling an efficient transference of material during the emplacement of the syenitic magma and 3) shear-related deformation (regional stress), affected the internal fabric of the facies, causing intracrystalline deformation and submagmatic flow, which is very evident in the central syenite intrusive. The kinematic analysis of shear planes allows proposing that emplacement of the LPC took place in a transtensive regime, which would have occurred in the back-arc of the Andes orogen, during a long period spanning from Miocene to the present, of the compressive deformation responsible, westward and at the same latitude, for the development of the Aconcagua fold and thrust belt.     

柴达木盆地西部昆北断阶带基底花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

柴达木盆地西部基底分布有大量的有花岗岩类岩石。通过对柴达木盆地西部昆北断阶带钻遇的基底花岗岩样品开展详细的岩石学、锆石激光探针等离子体质谱U-Pb同位素年代学及岩石地球化学研究表明,锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为467~450Ma,显示基底花岗岩的结晶年龄为中-晚奥陶世,属于加里东期岩浆侵入旋回。详细的岩石地球化学分析表明,昆北断阶带基底花岗岩属过铝高钾钙碱性系列,其稀土元素配分模式为具有Eu负异常的轻稀土元素富集型,昆北断阶带中南部基底花岗岩属上地壳物质熔融,同碰撞环境下形成的花岗岩。综合区域上的研究成果,昆北断阶带及其以西地区存在中奥陶世-早志留世的加里东期构造-岩浆事件,这对探讨柴达木盆地西部基底花岗岩成因类型及岩浆演化具有重要的意义。     

酒东盆地红山地区下白垩统新民堡群灰白色蚀变带特征及其与铀成矿的关系

研究区位于酒东盆地东北缘红山地区。通过对下白垩统新民堡群后生氧化改造作用的研究,认为灰白色弱氧化、强水解蚀变带是层间氧化带的一部分。铁和有机质是沉积岩中常见的色素,当含氧水进入目的层砂体时,砂体中的有机质、低价铁(Fe2+)等化合物被氧化,导致岩石褪色;同时氧化作用导致砂岩中长石水解,形成以高岭石为主的白色黏土矿物,使岩石增白。增白与褪色的双重作用是砂岩总体上变白的重要原因,其所形成的灰白色蚀变岩位于强氧化的紫红色-黄色蚀变亚带与灰色原生岩石带之间的一定范围内。铀矿化(体)产在弱氧化、强水解灰白色砂岩与原生灰色砂岩界面附近偏灰色岩石一侧[1-2]。灰白色蚀变带与铀成矿关系密切,可作为区域性白垩系砂岩型铀矿的找矿标志之一。     

东昆仑东段东昆中构造带韧性剪切作用及其地质意义

东昆仑东段东昆中构造带经历了多期(次)构造事件,现今保留了复杂多样的构造样式。哈图沟、清水泉—塔妥和沟里等地区构造变形十分强烈,且发育有呈NWW-SEE展布的韧性剪切带。通过野外调研及显微构造研究,对东昆中构造带几何学、运动学及动力学等进行了分析,并通过费氏台和EBSD技术对其进行石英C轴组构分析后认为该剪切带为一压-扭性构造界面,且早期为左旋逆冲,晚期为右旋走滑,变形温度为400~550℃。对剪切带内的石英亚颗粒及动态重结晶粒度测量计算出研究区内韧性剪切带古应力值约为153.791 MPa。哈图沟牦牛山组变形砾岩(4个测点)有限应变测量结果显示,越靠近东昆中断裂带砾石Flinn指数、应变程度、罗德系数(绝对值)越大,且Flinn指数均大于1,属拉伸变形。结合区域地质资料,认为东昆仑东段东昆中韧性剪切带形成于晚海西—印支期。     

深部开采圆形巷道围岩破损区与支护压力的确定

应用经典塑性力学理论确定的圆形巷道围岩弹塑性应力场存在一些问题,这影响深部圆形巷道的稳定性评价及支护设计的合理性。应用塑性力学求解新体系确定的圆形巷道围岩弹塑性应力场准确解,进行了各向同性均质地层中圆形巷道破损区、地层残余强度与支护压力关系方面的研究,取得了如下成果:(1)破损区随开采深度的增加而增大,它们基本呈线性关系。(2)建立了支护压力与巷道埋深、围岩强度、围岩破坏后残余强度、围岩泊松比和重度之间的关系。研究成果可为支护设计提供重要参考。     

综合物探方法在焦家断裂带南延中的应用

焦家断裂带是山东省胶西北金矿集中区主要的成矿断裂之一,该断裂带南部被第四系严重覆盖,多年探索研究未果。此次利用高精度磁测、视电阻率联合剖面、CSAMT及SIP等多种物探方法,结合区内成矿地质条件,推断出焦家断裂带南延部分隐伏断裂分布情况,即在黄家附近向北至徐村院为一条断裂带(F1),向南分为三条断裂带(F1、F8和F9),其中F1为主断裂,F8、F9为其次级断裂。经钻探验证与物探推断的焦家断裂带南延部分相吻合,为该区下一步金矿勘查提供了找矿方向。     

矿山开发中的含水层破坏评估方法初探——以白山市恒基煤矿为例

本文以白山市恒基煤矿为例,在阐述矿区地质环境基础上,探讨了矿山开采中的含水层结构破坏评估方法,含水层水位、水量变化、和采矿活动对含水层水质造成的污染。最后提出了防治措施,为矿山地质环境恢复治理提供科学依据,也为其他矿山开采提供参考。     

考虑边界反射作用河流污染混合区的简化算法

以排污口为坐标原点,通过数学推证了岸边排放时P(x,y)点与中心排放时Q(x/4,±y/2)点的污染物浓度对应相等.通过计算实验和曲线拟合,分别给出了中宽河流污染混合区最大长度、最大宽度和相应的纵坐标、面积等参数以及河流中心线和两岸线沿程浓度分布的实用化公式,给出了污染混合区的近似外边界曲线方程.对中宽河流污染混合区范围的计算和环境敏感点的浓度预测,具有重要实用价值,为工程技术人员提供了准确、简便、快捷的实用化方法.     

The Key Layout of UK Marine Science and Technology Plans and Some Implications for China

In this paper, we have analysed the major marine research strategies, programs and projects and the overall layout on marine research of the United Kingdom in recent years and found several characteristics: The United Kingdom increased emphasis on the national top-level design of marine research; The marine research infrastructures of the United Kingdom will be given long-term support in the future; Priority areas on marine research in the future will be determine and identified according to the national science and technology status and national needs of national economy; The United Kingdom will focus on ocean acidification, marine renewable energy development and coastal hazards research in the future. Then we gave out some recommendations on our courtry’ development on marine science and technology: Establishing a long-term national marine science and technology strategic plan; strengthening the investment in the important marine research infrastructure; setting several reasonable research priorities according to China’s national strategic needs.