PERIODIC TABLE OF CLIMATIC CHANGES

The climate changed regularly in accordance with the variation of the average incoming solar radiation in the winter half-year of the northern hemisphere on the Earth's surface in each oxygen isotopic stage (i. e. Di in Table 1) during the last 730,000 years. Many interesting phenomena of the nature may be explained with applications of these data.     

东海2万年来碳酸盐溶解作用变化:翼足类的记录

对东海84个表层沉积样品和5个重力柱状样中的翼足类和浮游有孔虫丰度、浮游有孔虫碎壳率和底栖有孔虫群中胶结质类的比例等进行了定量分析,确定了东海现代文石补偿深度（ACD）位于约600 m处,碳酸盐溶跃面在约1 400 m处.末次冰期时随着碳酸盐溶解作用的显著减弱,ACD大幅度下降至现代的1 000 m之下.     

A Box Model of Glacial-Interglacial Variability in the Japan Sea

The Japan Sea has experienced drastic changes in the last 60 ka: the surface water was colder than the present value by five degrees and extremely freshened (24 ppt) in the last glacial maximum (15 ka), and then it contained Oyashio water for a few thousand years. It is an open question whether the inflow-outflow pattern was entirely reversed, opposite to the present exchange with an inflow through Tsushima Strait and an outflow through Tsugaru Strait. A box model is employed with two boxes representing the northern and the southern half domains in the upper (300-m-thick) layer. The model is driven by atmospheric forcing and inflow through Tsushima Strait and/or Tsugaru Strait. Here, the net transport through Tsushima to Tsugaru is given in the model. A baroclinic component is added to the net transport through each strait. It is the baroclinic components that allow the upper and the lower portions to flow to the opposite directions in the straits, and hence a reversal flow becomes possible against the net transport, under the condition of an extremely freshened Japan Sea. The fresh surface layer in 1814 ka is attributable to a near-shutoff of the inflow due to the low sea level. Shortly after the near-shutoff, the baroclinic transport through Tsugaru Strait yields intrusion of the Oyashio water into the Japan Sea. Thus, it is implied that Oyashio water existed in the Japan Sea a few thousand years after the reopening of Tsugaru Strait, even though the net transport was one-way, similar to the present state.     

崂山顶、涧、沟、坡、麓、滩、岬-带巨砾成因研究

崂山的地貌景观十分复杂，形成众多的奇山异石。研究发现：更新世期间，崂山发生过多次古冰川作用．从水下到山巅都留下古冰川活动的印记。崂山的冰碛物具有不成层、无分选、杂乱无章、大小不一、由带有磨光面的、个体差别很大的和带有棱角的岩块、砂等堆积而成，部分冰碛物伸入海下。崂山古冰川冰碛物的堆积地貌主要有终碛堤、冰碛丘陵和侧碛堤三种类型。崂山古冰川侵蚀地貌有：(1)拖蚀(拔蚀)岩块；(2)磨光面；(3)古冰斗；(4)“刃脊”、角峰、哑口；(5)削断山嘴“U”型谷；(6)冰臼。崂山低海拔古冰川遗迹的发现，对研究崂山地貌演化和第四纪黄渤海陆架环境变迁。具有十分重要意义。     

新仙女木事件的发生及其全球性意义

综合国内外学者对短时间尺度气候事件的研究成果 ,对新仙女木事件 ( YD)的全球性分布及其界定方法和成因机制进行探讨。揭示了新仙女木期的气候特征和多种不同的气候替代指标 ,表明在太阳辐射 -大气 -冰盖 -陆地 -生物相互作用、多层次反馈的全球气候系统中存在着非线性气候变化 ,且在时间上、地域上存在着明显的差别 (不同步性 )。进一步阐明了 YD事件是全球性气候突变事件 ,是全球气候变暖、海平面上升过程中一次短暂的滞缓或回返 ,支持了 Fairbanks的气候 -海平面变化理论。冰期 -全新世过渡期气候变暖的驱动力是地球轨道参数的变化 ,YD事件作为非轨道事件 ,其驱动力可能归因于全球 CO2 浓度的变化 ,但 CO2 变化的因果关系至今尚无定论。     

Differences in trophodynamics of commercially important fish between artificial waterways and natural coastal wetlands

Extensive artificial waterways have replaced natural wetlands and created new estuarine habitats on the southern Queensland coast, Australia. Economically important fish species found in adjacent natural wetlands of mangrove, saltmarsh and seagrass also occur in the artificial waterways. Stable isotope analyses (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N) were used to test whether the relative importance of basal sources of energy varied for foodwebs found in artificial (canals and tidal lakes) and natural waterways. None of the fish species differed in their isotope values between artificial waterways. In contrast, isotopic signatures of snub-nosed garfish (Arrhamphus sclerolepis; Hemiramphidae) varied greatly between natural and artificial waterways, having highly enriched δ¹³C values (−10.5‰) in natural wetlands, demonstrating reliance on seagrass (−11.4‰), and significantly less enriched values (−19.0‰) in artificial waterways, consistent with either local algal sources (−19.8 to −20.4‰) or a mixture of seagrass and other less enriched autotrophs from adjacent natural wetlands. Isotopic signatures of sand whiting (Sillago ciliata; Sillaginidae) were also significantly more enriched in natural (−18.2‰) than artificial (−21.0‰) habitats, but means were not far enough apart to distinguish between different sources of nutrition. δ¹³C values of yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis; Sparidae) did not differ between artificial and natural habitats (about −20‰ in both). δ¹⁵N values of fish varied among habitats only for A. sclerolepis, which in artificial waterways had values enriched by 2‰ over those in natural waterways. This was consistent with a shift from seagrass (relatively depleted δ¹⁵N) as a source in natural habitat to algal sources (relatively enriched δ¹⁵N) in artificial habitats. This study provides some of the first evidence that at least some fish species rely on different autotrophs in artificial waterways than in adjacent natural wetlands.