The winds of WC10 central stars of planetary nebulae

We present the results of an analysis of the winds of two WC10 central stars of planetary nebulae, CPD-56°8032 and He 2-113. These two stars have remarkably similar spectra, although the former exhibits somewhat broader emission line widths. High resolution spectra (up to R=50 000) were obtained in May 1993 for both objects at the 3.9 m AAT, using the UCL Echelle Spectrograph. The fluxes in individual Cii auto-ionising multiplet components, many of which were blended, were derived. Lines originating from auto-ionising resonance states situated in the C²⁺ continuum are very sensitive to the electron temperature, since the population of the these levels is close to LTE. The measured widths and profile shapes of these transitions are presented and are in excellent agreement with those predicted on the basis of their calculated auto-ionising lifetimes. The wind electron temperature is derived for both stars from the ratio of the fluxes in four such transitions (T _e =18 500 K±1 500 K for CPD-56° 8032 andT _e =13 600 K±800 K for He 2-113). Optical depth effects are investigated using normal recombination lines to obtain an independent wind electron temperature estimate in excellent agreement with the dielectronic line analysis.     

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床硫同位素和稀土元素地球化学研究

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床规模大、品位富、伴生有用元素多 ,暗示其成矿环境较为特殊。本文分析该矿床原生矿体中矿石矿物的硫同位素组成和脉石矿物方解石的 REE含量 ,结合前人的碳、氢、氧、铅同位素分析资料和成矿年代测试结果 ,探讨矿床成矿流体的来源。矿床原生矿体中的硫化物均富集重硫 ,其δ34 S值集中于13‰～ 17‰之间 ,且有 δ34 S黄铁矿 >δ34 S闪锌矿 >δ34 S方铅矿 ,表明成矿流体的硫已达到平衡 ;硫化物的 δ34 S值与矿区和区域地层中膏盐层的δ34 S值相近 ,暗示成矿流体中的硫主要来自地层海相硫酸盐的还原 ,热化学还原是地层海相硫酸盐形成还原态硫的主要还原机制。矿区脉石矿物方解石的 REE含量相对高于本区各时代碳酸盐地层 ,低于非碳酸盐地层和峨眉山玄武岩 ,其 REE配分模式和有关 REE参数也与地层和峨眉山玄武岩存在明显差异 ;进一步分析结果显示 ,矿床成矿流体是一种壳 -幔混合流体 ,伴随峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动过程中地幔流体 (包括地幔去气和岩浆去气形成的流体 )参与了矿床成矿流体的形成     

青海上湾特大型红层老滑坡体形成机制研究

青海上湾特大型老滑坡体是一个典型的多期次第四系上更新统黄土与新近系贵德群泥岩切层旋转滑坡,滑动面主要位于新近系贵德群泥岩内。在充分利用现场滑坡勘查和钻探试验所获取资料的基础上,通过对滑坡堆积物中的关键层（黄土状土和砾岩堆积物）与泥岩堆积物的空间位置组合关系的研究,以及对老滑坡体底滑面的形态和黄土状土顶部的淤泥（堰塞湖湖积物）的分析,确定了上湾特大型老滑坡体主要经历了两次规模较大的滑动。利用地下水动力学的理论,计算出两次滑动前的地下水位,并建立了分析滑坡变形与破坏机制的数值模型。综合区域新构造运动特点、地下水位的动态变化、新近系贵德群泥岩在饱水状态下力学强度显著下降的特征以及FLAC3D数值模拟结果,得出老滑坡体第1次滑动主要是由于河流下切作用引起,并给出了河流下切过程中坡体变形的3个阶段。第2次滑动是由于第1次滑动后,斜坡临空面变陡,坡脚剪应力进一步集中,且在其前缘形成一个堰塞湖,导致地下水位上升软化泥岩而发生的累进性牵引滑动。     

Growth discontinuity in males of the deep-water giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea in the Mediterranean Sea

The deep-water giant red shrimp, Aristaeomorpha foliacea (Risso, 1827) (Decapoda, Aristeidae), represents a highly valuable resource for bottom trawling in the Mediterranean Sea. Recent assessments have described both a worsening of the status of the traditionally exploited stocks and low levels of annual-based instantaneous natural mortality (M 0.4–0.7 year⁻¹) in the unexploited stocks. The mortality (M) figures, however, are in contrast with the longevity (T_max) of 3–4-year males and 4–5-year females, estimated from classical length frequency distribution analysis. Reduced growth (after the onset of sexual maturity) and pile-up of older individuals in the larger size classes have been considered to be reasonable explanations for the contrast between M and T_max. We propose that a discontinuity of the growth models could address this contrast. Because a clear discontinuity in sexual maturity is evident only in males, length frequency distribution data for different sets of males collected from the South of Sicily and the Maltese Islands deep bottoms (400–800 m) were fitted with both the classic (c) and double-phased (d) von Bertalanffy growth formula (VBGF). According to the dVBGF, adult males sharply reduce their growth rate after reaching an age between 1.2 and 1.5 year, which corresponds to the estimates of age at sexual maturity (t_m between 1 and 1.5 years). The reduction in growth determines a higher T_max (7.3–9.5 year) and lower M (0.4–0.6 year⁻¹) than previously derived on the basis of cVBGF estimates (T_max 3–4 years and M 1.2 year⁻¹). The dVBGF results suggest that sexual dimorphism and length–sex segregation in giant red shrimps reflect an alternative life history strategy that is based mainly on growth reduction in adult males and it might be adopted for implementing more conservative assessments.     

黑云母和锆石化学组分对岩浆结晶条件的约束:以滇西北衙超大型金矿床为例

中酸性岩浆含矿性差异一直是矿床学的研究热点。滇西北衙超大型金多金属矿床(探明金资源量超过370t)内发育成矿二长花岗斑岩体和非成矿黑云母二长花岗斑岩体、煌斑岩体,是研究岩体含矿性差异、富碱岩浆结晶时物理化学条件及其成矿效应的良好选区。本文在详细的岩相学观察基础上,对成矿的二长花岗斑岩、未成矿的黑云母二长花岗斑岩和煌斑岩中黑云母和锆石开展矿物化学分析,厘定了北衙富碱岩浆的结晶条件。北衙成矿二长花岗斑岩体的锆石结晶温度(843℃)稍高于黑云母二长花岗斑岩体的锆石结晶温度(807℃),鉴于金在熔体中溶解度随温度升高而增大,表明在岩浆演化初期二长花岗斑岩体具有更高的金溶解度。同时,利用锆石微量元素组分估算的二长花岗斑岩体的lg(f_(O_2))(-10. 67)高于黑云母二长花岗斑岩体(-15. 00),表明二长花岗斑岩体具有更高的氧逸度。在岩浆演化过程中高氧逸度会抑制金以硫化物形式沉淀,从而增强了二长花岗斑岩体的成矿潜力。除此之外,二长花岗斑岩具有最低的黑云母结晶温度(二长花岗斑岩、黑云母二长花岗斑岩、煌斑岩依次对应644℃、723℃、766℃)和最浅的侵位深度(1. 46～1. 74km、4. 03～5. 02km、2. 53～2. 72km)。高压条件下母岩浆中出溶的流体几乎没有能量形成裂隙,而且也很难发生对金属富集有重要影响的流体不混溶作用。二长花岗斑岩体侵位深度与矽卡岩中石榴石发育的含石盐子晶的三相包裹体的捕获深度(～2km)近似,进一步暗示二长花岗斑岩体侵位后发生流体沸腾作用。因此,岩浆氧逸度和侵位深度的差异可能是黑云母二长花岗斑岩体和煌斑岩体未成矿的原因。     

Trace element geochemistry of magnetite from the giant Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit in Yunnan Province,Southwest China and its implications for the ore forming processes

The Beiya gold–polymetallic deposit is one of the largest gold deposits in China and is considered to be a typical porphyry-skarn system located in the middle of the Jinshajiang–Ailaoshan alkaline porphyry metallogenic belt. Massive magnetite is widespread in the Beiya ore district but its genesis is still the subject of debate. Five representative magnetite types are present in the Beiya deposit, namely magmatic magnetite (M1) from the ore-related porphyry, disseminated magnetite (M2) from the early retrograde alteration, massive magnetite (M3) from the early quartz-magnetite stage, massive magnetite (M4) from the middle quartz-magnetite stage and magnetite (M5) from the late quartz-magnetite stage. Compared with the M1 magnetite, the magnetites from stages M2 to M5 are depleted in Ti, Al and high field strength elements, implying a hydrothermal origin, distinct from the magmatic accessory magnetite in the ore-related porphyry (M1). The concentrations of cobalt in the hydrothermal magnetites decrease gradually from M2 to M5, and can be used to discriminate the magnetite types. The Al + Mn and Ti + V contents of the successively precipitated magnetite grains (M2–M5) suggests that the ore forming temperature decreased from M2 to M4, but increased from M4 to M5, possibly as the result of a new pulse of magma entering the chamber, which may have triggered the gold mineralization. The V content in the hydrothermal magnetite suggests that the oxygen fugacity increased from M2 to M4 but decreased as soon as the sulfides entered the system (M5).     

Peculiarities of giant pulses from the crab pulsar at frequencies of 594 and 2228 MHz

We present the results of our simultaneous observations of giant pulses from the Crab pulsar B0531+21 at frequencies of 594 and 2228 MHz with a high (62.5 ns) time resolution. The pulse broadening by scattering was found to be 25 and 0.4 µs at 594 and 2228 MHz, respectively. We obtained the original giant-pulse profiles compensated for interstellar scattering. The measured profile widths at the two frequencies are approximately equal, ≈0.5 µs; i.e., the giant pulses are narrower than the integrated profile by a factor of about 1000. We detected an extremely high brightness temperature of radio emission, T_b≥10³⁶ K radio emission, which is higher than the previous estimates of this parameter by five orders of magnitude. The decorrelation bandwidth of the radio-spectrum diffraction distortions has been determined for this pulsar for the first time: 10 kHz at 594 MHz and 300 kHz at 2228 MHz.     

Auroral research

An auroral substorm, unique in that it occurred at the relatively low latitude of SANAE, is described based on the full range of observational techniques at SANAE together with satellite data. Some features fit the generally accepted picture of substorms, others do not. From ground-based television imagery of Giant Undulations the temporal evolution of their dynamics is obtained and possible theories for their extistence examined. Super fast auroral waves, with speeds of up to 1200 km s^–1, have been observed for the first time. Their characteristics can not, as yet, be accounted for by a single generation mechanism. The potential value of simultaneous recordings of aurorae by television and riometer is discussed     

Photometric analysis of the chromospherically active giant star HD 86005

Photometric data, covering a span of two and a half years, have been analysed for the chromospherically active giant star HD 86005. It was found to undergo light variations and a photometric period of 89.0 ± 0.3 days was determined. Evidence suggests that these brightness variations are due to the rotation of unevenly distributed starspots. On sabbatical leave from Physics Department, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.     

用瑞利面波研究东亚及西太平洋地壳上地幔三维结构

用分布于欧亚大陆及西太平洋地区106个宽频带数字地震台站约20000多个长周期波形记录,挑选出沿10600条大圆路径传播的瑞利面波,采用频散分析及波形拟合反演方法,对东亚及西太平洋边缘海地区地壳上地幔进行高分辨率三维层析成像。高分辨率速度成像表明,从上地壳到70km深,在东亚东部及西太平洋边缘海地区均为高速分布,西部以青藏高原为中心呈极低速分布。从100km至250km深,在东亚东部及西太平洋边缘海,自北向南显示出一条宽约2500km~4000km,长约8000km的巨型低速异常带。深度为300km~400km的平面图上,速度差异幅度不大,塔里木至扬子地块仍然显示为高速分布。东、西两部份岩石圈与软流圈的结构有着巨大的差异。西部主要是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞引起的岩石圈汇聚增厚区;东部则主要是由于软流圈上涌(地幔热物质上升)引起的岩石圈拉张减薄区。古新世印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞,岩石圈板片以低角度下插到青藏高原之下,引起高原隆起和地壳增厚,西部地区成为岩石圈汇聚区。中生代中晚期东亚大陆东缘岩石圈解体,软流圈物质上涌,岩石圈减薄张裂,形成巨型低速带,并演化为东亚裂谷系。现今的西太平洋边缘海、沟弧盆体系,是新生代中晚期太平洋板块、澳大利亚板块与欧亚板块相互作用形成的。