山东金青顶金矿床Ⅱ号矿体成矿特征

金青顶金矿床Ⅱ号矿体位于胶东隆起南缘,牟平乳山金成矿带中部,是目前该成矿带上最大的石英脉型金矿床。单个矿体延深之大,厚度、品位变化之稳定,且易采易选,这在胶东东部地区乃至全国尤为罕见。     

贵州六盘水水城矿区小牛煤矿钻孔中断层发育特征分析

利用钻探岩心识别断裂形变、挤压扭曲、岩心破碎带等断层标志, 有利于勘探区构造地质条件的分析。通过对钻孔岩心岩性特征、地层厚度、煤层间距等方面的研究,发现ZK13钻孔在C51与C52煤层之间地层出现明显的揉皱与破碎现象、地层厚度与煤层间距增大,同时测井曲线显示地层有重复现象,推测在C51与C52煤层之间发育一逆断层;C54与C58煤层之间地层也比较破碎、地层厚度与煤层间距减小,伽玛伽玛曲线幅值增大,推测在C54与C58煤层之间发育一正断层。     

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青岛小珠山花岗岩岩石谱系单位划分及其主要特征

青岛小珠山花岗岩体为中生代偏碱性侵入岩,过去通称小珠山岩体,通过15万区域地质填图,将其划分为15个单元,划归为大店和崂山两个超单元.对各单元的岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素及稀土元素特征等进行了分析研究,认为应属A型花岗岩,为燕山晚期之产物.     

Is rainfall intensity significant in the rainfall–runoff process within tropical rainforests of northeast Queensland? The Hewlett regression analyses revisited

Following the statistical analyses of long‐term rainfall‐runoff records from research basins in humid temperate latitudes, Hewlett and co‐workers extended the global challenge to disprove their findings that rainfall intensity was non‐significant. This paper responds to Hewlett's challenge as no preceding analyses have involved forested basins in a tropical cyclone‐prone area. Based on a 7 year rainfall‐runoff record, quickflow (QF), peak flow (QP) and quickflow response ratios (QRR) were regressed as dependent variables against rainfall parameters (intensity, P_i, amount, P), storm duration, D and antecedent flow, I. These data sets were categorised into total streamflow (Q) classes and stratified into three seasons, (monsoon, post‐monsoon and dry) for forested and cleared catchments. Where rainfall variable collinearity met acceptable levels, the addition of P_i to regression models including P, D, I contributed up to 9% and 66% of the respective variations in quickflow and peak flow. For the highest Q storm classes (monsoon), P_i alone accounted for up to 67% and 91% of the variation in Q_F and Q_P respectively and was the dominant influence on Q_P for all seasons. The very high rainfall intensities experienced in the monsoon season is a causal factor why these results differ from those of other research drainage basins. Surprisingly, P_i continued to have a significant influence on Q_F for dry season classes when less‐intense rainfall occurs. Further the results were similar for both catchments across all seasons. P was the dominant independent variable affecting Q_F above a threshold Q of 50 mm (monsoon), as rainfall contributes directly to saturation overland flow and return flow under saturated conditions. Further although QRR increased with increasing Q for each season, the regression results for that parameter were poor possibly due to the non‐linearity of the rainfall‐runoff relationship. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Floodplain hydrology of the Mekong Delta,Vietnam

The Mekong Delta is one of the largest and most intensively used estuaries in the world. Each year it witnesses widespread flooding which is both the basis of the livelihood for more than 17 million people but also the major hazard. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the hydrologic and hydraulic features is urgently required for various planning purposes. While the general causes and characteristics of the annual floods are understood, the inundation dynamics in the floodplains in Vietnam which are highly controlled by dikes and other control structures have not been investigated in depth. Especially, quantitative analyses are lacking, mainly due to scarce data about the inundation processes in the floodplains. Therefore, a comprehensive monitoring scheme for channel and floodplain inundation was established in a study area in the Plain of Reeds in the northeastern part of the Vietnamese Delta. This in situ data collection was complemented by a series of high‐resolution inundation maps derived from the TerraSAR‐X satellite for the flood seasons 2008 and 2009. Hence, the inundation dynamics in the channels and floodplains, and the interaction between channels and floodplains, could be quantified for the first time. The study identifies the strong human interference which is governed by flood protection levels, cropping patterns and communal water management. In addition, we examine the tidal influence on the inundation in various parts of the Delta, since it is expected that climate change‐induced sea level rise will increase the tidal contribution to floodplain inundation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

广州市美丽乡村空间分异特征及其影响因素

以广州市已公布的4批美丽乡村建设试点数据为基础，通过最邻近指数、基于Riple’s函数的多距离空间聚类分析、核密度分析和叠置分析等方法，探讨了广州市美丽乡村的发展现状、空间分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明：1）自2013年起，广州市美丽乡村数量逐年递增且增长率呈现上升趋势；2）广州市美丽乡村空间分布呈明显的集聚型分布；3）Ripley’s函数分析表明美丽乡村要素点空间分布格局随距离变化略有不同，在0.14 km处集聚强度达到最大；4）核密度分析显示美丽乡村高密度区域主要分布在广州南部和西北部，包括番禺－南沙1个热点主核心区和从化、花都－白云2个热点副核心区，密度分布呈现多核心不均衡特点；5）乡村的地形水文、人文历史、交通区位和政策规划为美丽乡村空间分布的主要影响因素，其中，政策规划因素对“美丽乡村群”空间格局的形成起决定性影响。空间分布特征总体反映出广州市美丽乡村规划建设初见成效，并逐步形成以热点核心区为基础的“美丽乡村群”。最后，在乡村选点、空间优化、价值提升以及乡村治理等方面提出若干建议。     

Study on low‐strain integrity testing of pipe‐pile using the elastodynamic finite integration technique

This study focuses on the three‐dimensional (3‐D) characteristics of wave propagation in pipe‐pile using elastodynamic finite integration technique. First, a real 3‐D pile‐soil model in cylindrical coordinate system is presented. Then, the governing equations are established. With the boundary and initial conditions, the numerical solution is obtained. The accuracy and feasibility of the self‐written code are further verified via comparing with the measured data. Velocity histories at different angles of pile top and pile tip are illustrated, and the snapshots reflecting the 3‐D characteristics of wave propagation are given. It shows that the interferences of Rayleigh waves can confuse the result interpretation for pile integrity testing. The increase of hammer contact time can effectively mitigate the interferences, and the interferences of Rayleigh waves are weakest at an angle of 90° from where hammer hits. Besides, surrounding soil can partly mitigate the wave interferences. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermal history of the Hodgkinson Province and Laura Basin,Queensland: Multiple cooling episodes identified from apatite fission track analysis and vitrinite reflectance data

Apatite fission track analysis and vitrinite reflectance data from outcrop and well samples in the Hodgkinson Province and Laura Basin reveal regional Cretaceous cooling. Apatite fission track analysis appears to define two discrete cooling episodes, in the mid‐Cretaceous (110–100 Ma) and Late Cretaceous (80–70 Ma), although in most samples data allow only definition of a single episode. Rocks now at outcrop cooled from Cretaceous palaeotemperatures generally between 50 and 130°C in the south of the region, and from >100°C in the north. Some samples from the Hodgkinson Province also show evidence for an Early Jurassic cooling episode, characterised by maximum palaeotemperatures varying from at least 95°C (from apatite fission track analysis) to ～200–220°C (from vitrinite reflectance), with cooling beginning at around 200 Ma. Apatite fission track analysis data do not reveal the earlier event in the Laura Basin, but on the basis of vitrinite reflectance data from Permian? units this event is also inferred to have affected the pre‐Jurassic basin units in this region. The regional extent of the Cretaceous cooling episode in the Hodgkinson Province suggests that the elevated palaeotemperatures in this region were most likely due to greater depth of burial, with subsequent cooling due to kilometre‐scale denudation. For a palaeogeothermal gradient of 30°C/km and a palaeosurface temperature of 25°C the total degree of Cretaceous cooling experienced by the samples corresponds to removal of between ～0.8 and >3.0 km of Triassic and younger section removed by denudation, beginning some time between ca 110 and 80 Ma. Higher palaeogradients would require correspondingly lower amounts of removed section. The geology of the Laura Basin suggests that an explanation of the observed Cretaceous palaeotemperatures in this region in terms of deeper burial may be untenable. Heating due to hot fluid flow may be a more realistic mechanism for producing the observed Cretaceous palaeothermal effects in the Laura Basin.     

西安地下热水开采现状与合理开发利用探讨

西安市的热水井井深较大，投资费用高．延长地热井的使用寿命，对经济合理的开发地下热水则十分重要。根据对西安市多年地下热水动态的监测资料分析．西安市的地热井水头下降速度过大，尤以第三和第四热储层段更大，年均下降10余米，个别甚至达到37m。依据地下热水的埋藏特征和各井的分布及开采量情况分析，造成上述现象的主要原因是由于井距较近、开采层段集中和单井开采量过大所致。为使西安市的地下热水能可持续开发利用，提出合理布井、限量开采及地下热水的回灌等措施。