岩土工程勘察中冻土可钻性的影响因素分析

对含水率为13%~27%的粉质粘土,在0~-25 ℃之间进行冻结,测定冻土的单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、抗剪强度、波速等。试验结果表明,当粉质粘土含水率在18%~25%,冻土温度为0~-18 ℃的条件下,温度一定时,随着含水率的增大,抗压、抗拉和抗剪强度总体呈降低趋势,可钻性级别呈降低趋势;含水率一定时,冻土的抗压、抗拉和抗剪强度随着温度的降低而增大,可钻性级别提高。冬季勘察时,受冻土影响,可通过在钻孔内加热水提高钻速的方法提高成孔效率。     

福建煤田深孔钻探施工技术探讨

福建煤田地质构造复杂,断层发育,岩层极其破碎且较松软,泥岩受挤压破碎为薄片状或烂泥状,给钻探施工造成许多困难,比如泥页岩水化膨胀,孔壁失稳导致孔内坍塌严重等。采用绳索取心技术,优选金刚石钻头,科学确定泥浆配比和钻进参数,成功解决了这些孔内技术难题,提高了钻探效率,降低了生产成本,取得的施工经验可供该矿区或该类地层的钻探施工借鉴。     

马里亚纳海沟南部海域沉积物的工程地质特性及其成因

大洋27航次中,在马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊南翼斜坡上获得了箱式插管和重力柱状样品,并对这些样品现场进行了含水率、湿密度、微型扭力十字板、微型贯入和无侧限抗压强度试验,获得了深海表层沉积物的物理力学性质参数,具有较高的含水率、较低的密度、较大的孔隙比、较低的抗剪强度和贯入阻力,各项参数随深度增加呈现规律性变化。归航后通过对沉积物的粒度、碎屑矿物、黏土矿物、微体古生物的鉴定,进一步从物质组成、物质来源和沉积环境等方面对此特殊工程地质性质沉积物的成因进行分析。     

松软地层防渗灌浆帷幕结构性状实验研究

松软地层透水率较大,防渗灌浆工程吃浆量相对较大,浆液扩散极不规则,形成的防渗帷幕,包括防渗幕体厚度、力学性能、防渗效果等结构性状难以准确把握,现有的方法和技术主要采用压水试验、标贯、钻孔取心、物探等方法获取相关信息,但带有极大的不确定性,直接影响到防渗质量的评价。在现场进行多工况灌浆原型试验研究,通过注水试验、孔斜测定、取心测试、全断面开挖等多种方法,真实呈现防渗幕体的性状,包括幕体有效厚度及其影响范围、幕体强度性能和渗透性能。结果表明,在松软地层采用浆体封闭、脉动灌浆控制灌浆工艺,孔距1.5m,两排排距0.8m,并采用适宜的灌浆控制参数灌注可控性黏土水泥浆材,简便高效,孔周挤密区、结石体及胶结体形成的有效幕体均一性好,防渗效果达到5lu以下,灌后28d结石体强度达到3MPa以上。灌浆工艺和参数可直接供类似地层应用。对于不同类型地层在不同灌浆材料、灌浆工艺、灌浆参数情形下的灌浆结构性状,有必要研发物理模型进行大样本室内试验研究。     

陕西延安Q_2原状黄土抗拉强度试验研究

对陕西延安新宝塔山隧道Q2原状黄土进行了不同加载速率的无侧限抗压与贯入抗拉试验,研究了Q2原状黄土抗压与抗拉强度的影响因素。结果表明:加载速率对宝塔山Q2原状黄土抗压和抗拉强度影响较大,抗压强度与抗拉强度随加载速率增大而增大;高径比对抗拉强度也有较大影响,试验时当高径比控制在1.0左右时,高径比对宝塔山Q2原状黄土的抗拉强度影响相对较小,因此采用轴向压裂法测量黄土的抗拉强度时,高径比宜控制在1.0;在试验加载速率范围内,加载速率对宝塔山Q2原状黄土的压拉比影响不大,其压拉比在9.88~13.68范围内变化。     

WGS-84&CGCS2000坐标基准转换参数的初步求取

针对WGS-84CGCS2000坐标基准差异问题,分析了用于估计基准转换参数的Bursa模型及其求解方法,初步尝试求取WGS-84CGCS2000的坐标基准转换参数。算例采用了中国区域内含有CGCS2000坐标值,同时安装有GPS接收机的21个观测站,并针对点位的区域分布问题,提出利用重心化的Bursa模型求解转换参数的思路,且得到一组较好的转换结果。     

基于不同旋转角下的坐标转换模型精度分析

简要介绍了三种不同旋转角下的坐标转换模型,并通过Visual C++6.0编制相应的坐标转换程序,对三种坐标转换模型的精度做对比分析,结果表明根据旋转角的大小选择不同的坐标转换模型对坐标转换精度有直接影响.     

基于改进的Bursa模型坐标转换的探讨

针对目前空间坐标转换方法,提出一种改进的Bursa模型,利用模拟数据的计算与分析,对该方法进行坐标转换的收敛与迭代情况,以及参数估计准确性做了相关探讨,表明该方法可以求解任意欧拉角的坐标系转换。     

Habitat modeling for health sovereignty: Increasing indigenous access to medicinal plants in northern Maine,USA

Medicinal plants and fungi play important roles in the health of Maliseet people of northern Maine, USA. A critical aspect of exercising choice in health care for this community is the ability to locate and have access to these plants. Habitat suitability modeling is a form of geospatial technology that can enhance health sovereignty by identifying locations in which populations of medicinal plants can be conserved or established. However, use of this technology within indigenous communities has been limited. Focusing on the medicinal plant muskrat root, Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf., we generate a habitat suitability model for eastern Aroostook County, Maine (1,055,653.659 ha) that also takes community needs into consideration. Drawing on participatory ethnographic data as well as environmental characteristics, our model combines ecological and sociocultural parameters to identify previously unknown populations of A. americanus that are accessible to tribal elders. Our model successfully predicted 95% of A. americanus locations in our field validation data set of ∼71,000 ha. Results suggest that approximately 0.6% of our study area contains suitable habitat to plant muskrat root that could also meet tribal members' gathering needs for the future. Increasing the number of potential collection sites gives communities options for gathering, thereby enhancing health sovereignty. Broadly, our work suggests that, when done in partnership with communities, different forms of geospatial technology can be beneficial tools for efforts to promote health sovereignty.     

Strength and stiffness variation of frozen soilsaccording to confinement during freezing

When water between soil particles is frozen, the strength and stiffness behavior of soils significantly change. Thus, numerous experimental studies in the laboratory have been carried out to characterize the strength and stiffness of frozen soils. The goals of this study are to evaluate the strength characteristics of frozen soils, which underwent confinement in freezing and shearing stages, and to estimate the stiffness variation by shear wave velocity during shear phase. The specimens are prepared in a brass cell by mixing sand and silt with 10% degree of saturation at a relative density of 60%. The applied normal stresses as confining stresses are 5, 10, 25 and 50 k Pa. When the temperature of the specimens is lowered up to-5 °C, direct shear tests are carried out. Furthermore, shear waves are continuously measured through bender elements during shearing stage for the investigation of stiffness change. Test results show that shear strength and stiffness are significantly affected by the confining stress in freezing and shearing phases. This study suggests that the strength and stiffness of frozen soils may be dependent on the confining stresses applied during freezing and shearing.