黏弹性介质中瑞利波频散曲线和衰减系数曲线的反演

瑞利波具有能量大、信噪比高等特点,可以用来反演介质内部的力学信息,近年来在浅层地球物理勘探、深层地震学研究以及超声波无损检测等多个领域都有较广泛的应用。目前大多数瑞利波的应用中都假设介质是弹性的,然而实际中岩石、土壤和金属等介质都在一定程度上体现出了黏弹性。当介质的黏弹性较强时仍然采用弹性假设研究其中瑞利波的反演将增大误差,因此有必要考虑黏弹性介质中的瑞利波反演,但是目前这方面的研究仍不够深入。本文研究黏弹性介质中瑞利波频散曲线和衰减系数曲线的反演问题,给出其在半空间中联合反演的方法,并对该方法的误差进行分析。     

PTC管桩复合地基应力扩散效应研究

预应力混凝土薄壁（PTC）管桩复合地基作为常见的基础型式在软土地区具有良好的实用价值和应用前景。在实际工程中,复合地基下卧层附加应力的确定一直是重点和难点,因此对PTC管桩复合地基应力扩散效应的研究具有十分重要的意义。针对天津软土地区进行了3组不同垫层厚度的复合地基现场静载试验,基于现场试验建立并验证了数值模拟方法,对比研究了该型式复合地基的承载特性;通过已建立的数值模拟方法研究了不同工况下PTC管桩复合地基的应力扩散现象,结合复合地基应力扩散理论确定了扩散角的取值范围,分析了土质、加固深度和外荷载对扩散角的影响规律。计算结果可为工程设计提供依据。     

间断有限元方法的数值频散分析及其波场模拟

数值求解波动方程是大尺度正演波场模拟、基于波动方程的地震偏移和反演成像的关键.本文针对求解二维声波方程的Runge-Kutta 间断有限元（RKDG）方法的数值频散问题,从理论推导和数值分析的角度进行了深入研究,并将其与近似解析离散化方法（Optimal Nearly Analytic Discrete Method,简称ONAD 方法）、Lax-Wendroff 修正方法、交错网格（Staggered-Grid,简称SG）方法的数值频散进行了比较研究.结果表明：RKDG方法以及近似解析离散化方法在压制数值频散方面要好于上述其他方法,特别是空间精度为3阶的RKDG方法,即使当空间步长取波长的一半,即一个波长内取2个网格点时,最大的频散误差也不超过1.67%.同时,我们也通过波场模拟对比研究了不同数值方法的数值频散问题,进一步直观地验证了数值频散的理论分析结果.     

珠江河口磨刀门的整治与地貌演变

从排洪通道、航运通道、排水通道的形成以及浅滩围垦等方面阐述磨刀门10 a综合整治的效 果.口门延伸、平原扩展及地貌类型、沉积构造及冲淤变化反映了近20多年来磨刀门从浅海 湾演变为三角洲的过程.“磨刀门外水下三角洲”未来的发展趋势受沉积基础、水动力条件 、泥沙运动和沉积作用的影响.由于水动力从径流优势型转变为径流-潮流优势型,沿岸流 、风暴潮、波浪的作用增强,使得口外海域的滩槽向西南方向延伸.未来“磨刀门外水下三角洲”治导线的布设应为南偏西,并保持大喇叭口态势.     

软弱夹层速度对瑞利面波频散曲线的影响

文章以弹性波横波速度为参数,利用瑞利面波频散曲线的快速标量传递算法进行正演模拟计算,系统研究软弱层速度对瑞利面波基阶模频散曲线的影响,分析和总结了频率与相速度（f-c）、频率与波数（f-k）、深度与相速度（h—c）等瑞利面波基阶模曲线随软弱层速度变化的规律。     

High-Frequency Rayleigh-Wave Method

High-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh-wave data acquired with a multichannei recording sys-tem have been utilized to determine shear (S)-wave velocities in near-surface geophysics since the early 1980s. This overview article discusses the main research results of high-frequency surface-wave tech-niques achieved by research groups at the Kansas Geological Survey and China University of Geosciences in the last 15 years. The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method is a nou-iuvasive acoustic approach to estimate near-surface S-wave velocity. The differences between MASW results and direct borehole measurements are approximately 15% or less and random. Studies show that simultaneous inversion with higher modes and the fundamental mode can increase model resolution and an investigation depth. The other important seismic property, quality factor (Q), can also be estimated with the MASW method by inverting attenuation coefficients of Rayleigh waves. An inverted model (S-wave velocity or Q) obtained using a damped least-squares method can be assessed by an optimal damping vector in a vicinity of the inverted model determined by an objective function, which is the trace of a weighted sum of model-resolution and model-covariance matrices. Current developments include modeling high-frequency Rayleigh-waves in near-surface media, which builds a foundation for shallow seismic or Rayleigh-wave inversion in the time-offset domain; imaging dispersive energy with high resolution in the frequency-velocity domain and possibly with data in an arbitrary acquisition geometry, which opens a door for 3D surface-wave techniques; and successfully separating surface-wave modes, which provides a valuable tool to perform S-wave velocity profiling with high-horizontal resolution.     

LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION IN SEDIMENT-LADEN OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS

Laboratory experiments on longitudinal dispersion in clear-water and sediment-laden open channel flows are reported. Data from these experiments and those available from previous studies indicate that the suspended sediment present in the flow affects the longitudinal dispersion process. The observed velocity distributions over the depth of sediment-laden flows indicate that the velocity deviates from the mean velocity more in sediment-laden flows than in clear-water flows. The velocity distributions over the cross section and secondary flow in the channel are also expected to be altereddue to the presence of suspended sediments in the flow. For these reasons, more dispersion is found in sediment-laden flows than in corresponding clear-water flows. A predictor for the dispersion coefficient in sediment-laden flows is proposed.     

基于图像分析的双台面波相速度频散曲线快速提取方法

双台波形的互相关方法是面波相速度频散曲线提取的一种常用方法。传统的方法精度不高,效率较低。本文提出了一种基于图像分析的频散曲线快速提取方法,采用图像显示互相关振幅矩阵,且提出了快速追踪整条频散曲线的算法,并用Matlab编写了交互式的处理软件。基于这种方法编写的资料处理软件提高了双台相速度频散曲线提取的速度和精度,为大批量处理地震数据资料提供了坚实的软件基础。基于图像分析的方法可以更为清晰地展现出双台问的面波频散曲线的特征,对频散曲线的识别和分析也提供了更为有效的研究工具。     

介观尺度孔隙流体流动作用对纵波传播特征的影响研究——以周期性层状孔隙介质为例

介观尺度孔隙流体流动是地震频段岩石表现出较强速度频散与衰减的主要作用.利用周期性层状孔隙介质模型,基于准静态孔弹性理论给出了模型中孔隙压力、孔隙流体相对运动速度以及固体骨架位移等物理量的数学解析表达式,同时利用Biot理论将其扩展至全频段条件下,克服了传统White模型中介质分界面处流体压力不连续的假设. 在此基础上对准静态与全频段下模型介质中孔隙压力、孔隙流体相对运动速度变化形式及其对弹性波传播特征的影响进行了讨论,为更有效理解介观尺度下流体流动耗散和频散机制提供物理依据.研究结果表明,低频条件下快纵波孔压在介质层内近于定值,慢纵波通过流体扩散改变总孔隙压力, 随频率的增加慢波所形成的流体扩散作用逐渐减弱致使介质中总孔压逐渐接近于快纵波孔压,在较高频率下孔压与应力的二次耦合作用使总孔压超过快纵波孔压.介质中孔隙流体相对运动速度与慢纵波形成的流体相对运动速度变化形式一致;随频率的增加孔隙流体逐渐从排水的弛豫状态过渡到非弛豫状态,其纵波速度-含水饱和度变化形式也从符合孔隙流体均匀分布模式过渡到斑块分布模式,同时介质在不同含水饱和度下的衰减峰值与慢纵波所形成的孔隙流体相对流动速度具有明显的相关性.     

Dispersion attenuation structure of the crust around the Weifang-Jiashan segment of the Tanlu fault zone in North China

On the condition that the velocity ratio of compressive wave to shear wave is stable during the propagating process of seismic wave, this paper develops an estimation method for medium quality factor based on single station's travel time difference between direct S and P waves and the first period signal of direct P wave. 8 774 high SNR wave data altogether recorded by 75 stations are analyzed. The results show that: (1) under the normal regional stress field, the quality factors Q_mSP in the stable tectonic area are higher than that in the active tectonic area around the Weifang-Jiashan section and its surrounding area in the Tanlu fault zone; (2) in the Juxian-Tancheng section the seismic wave attenuation is relatively quick, and the media is relatively broken, suggesting no tectonic stress accumulation; (3) the Xinyi-Sihong section is currently locking and in accumulating elastic strain energy stage, which has the deep environment and conditions of strong earthquake generation similar to those of the 1668 M8.5 Tancheng strong earthquake.