Spatial and temporal characterization of nutrient net uptake in a vegetated urban stream: Stream bank features leading to net uptake hotspots

Urban stream features can be used to promote nutrient retention; however, their interactions with different hydrological regimes impact nutrient cycling, decrease their retention capacity, and inhibit stream ecosystem functioning. This study analysed the temporal and spatial dynamics of the uptake of three nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, and phosphorus) in an urban drainage stream during high flows. In particular, we studied variations in net uptake along the right margin (with native vegetation and a roots mat) comparatively to the left margin (a non‐rooted grassy bank). Applying the spiralling approach within each subreach on either side, we determined nutrient subreach (sr) retention metrics: uptake rate coefficients , mass transfer rates , and areal uptake rates . Our results showed nitrate (NO₃) and ammonium (NH₄) net uptakes on the right side were higher and more frequent along subreaches where the root mat was more abundant ( [μg m^?2 s^?1] = 22.80 ± 1.13 for NO₃ and 10.50 ± 0.81 for NH₄), whereas on the left side both nutrients showed patchy and inconsistent net uptake patterns despite the homogeneous grass distribution. Net uptake for filtered reactive phosphorus (FRP) was not observed on either side at any flow rate. The impact of hydrological factors such as discharge, travel time, water depth, and concentration, on uptake metrics was studied. Despite increases in travel time as the flow decreased, there was a reduction in net uptake rates, and , on either side. This was attributed to a reduction in water level with declining flows, which decreased hydrologic connectivity with the stream banks, combined with a decrease in water velocity and a reduction in nutrient concentrations. We concluded the rooted bank acted as an effective retention area by systematically promoting net uptake resulting in a twofold increased dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) retention relative to the non‐rooted side where net uptake was spatially localized and highly dynamic. Overall, this work emphasized the importance of strategically sampling close to biologically active surfaces to more accurately determine areas where gross uptake surpasses release process.     

云南省者太地区金锑矿找矿预测-来自水系沉积物测量的证据

云南者太地区位于开远-丘北金成矿带东缘,该区及其周边已发现卡林型金矿和木利式锑矿床（点）20余处,具有良好的金、锑矿找矿前景。本文以1:5万水系沉积物测量19种元素含量数据为基础,统计分析了水系沉积物地球化学参数、元素相关性、成矿有利度系数等指标,总结了元素组合、富集贫化规律及其与地质背景、地质构造与成矿作用的关系。区内主要富集元素为Au、Sb、As、Bi、Cd,主要高分异元素为Au、Sb、As、Cd,且具有较高的成矿有利度系数。结果显示,Au元素异常严格受近东西向构造带、北西向构造带、北东向构造带,以及二叠系-三叠系不纯碳酸盐岩、硅质岩、细碎屑岩等因素控制;而Sb元素异常与近东西向构造带、台盆相沉积环境、泥盆系硅化灰岩（硅化碎屑岩等）有着密切联系。依据水系沉积物异常特征和成矿地质条件,圈定综合异常7处,划分出3个找矿远景区,指出了区内今后的找矿方向。     

云南省金平县中良铜镍多金属矿床地质特征及找矿标志

金平县中良铜镍多金属矿床位于云南哀牢山结晶基底断块东南端,为岩浆结晶分异和岩浆熔离矿床。为查明矿体特征,扩大找矿成果,通过地质、物探、化探及地表工程揭露等技术手段对矿体进行了查证,在沿NW向F₁断层侵位的基性-超基性杂岩体中圈定出铜镍矿体和铁矿(化)体。通过在分析矿床地质特征基础上,笔者认为研究区内的基性-超基性杂岩体,NW向分布的断裂带,Cu、Ni、Co、V、Ti等元素的土壤地球化学异常区,地表出露的皮壳状、蜂窝状铁帽是矿床重要的找矿标志。     

Uraniferous Black Shale and Related Uranium Mineralization Features in South China

: Black shales are marine sediments with argillaceous, silty and siliceous compositions and high contents of organic materials, disseminated pyrite and uranium. Uraniferous black shale has uranium content of more than 20 ppm.Black shales are widely distributed in 17 provinces or autonomous regions in northwestern and southern-central China. Their sedimentary ages are from the Sinian to the Tertiary and uraniferous black shales are mainly exposed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the economically significant uranium deposits associated with black shale occur in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Uranium mineralization associated with black shale has the following main features: (1) forming stratabound deposits; (2) controlled by structures such as interlayer and intersected faults and fractures; (3) associated with different ore-forming processes such as leaching and hydrothermal reworking; (4)     

台风“莫拉克”降水观测与云物理特征的模拟研究

为了研究云中微物理量与台风降水的关系,选取0908号台风"莫拉克"作为个例,利用中国自主研发的全球区域同化预报系统对台风引起的暴雨过程进行了数值模拟。该模式系统中包含有详细的云微物理过程。结合TRMM卫星资料、MODIS云顶温度资料、FY-2卫星云图以及常规地面观测等资料与模式结果进行对比分析。分析结果表明,此次强降水主要发生在福建大部分地区以及浙江东南部地区,模拟6小时累积降水最大值超过90m,模式对此次暴雨的雨带位置及其走向都有较好的模拟。台风中云微物理量的垂直分布基本可以分为3层,由冰晶与雪组成的冰相层,一般位于100～400hPa;由云水和雨水组成的液相层,一般位于600hPa之下,以及由霰与云水、雨水形成的混合层,主要分布在400～600hPa。霰在暖区的融化以及云水、雨水的碰并是降水的主要来源。     

内蒙古锡林郭勒盟布金黑铅锌矿床Ⅱ号矿脉地质特征及成矿预测

布金黑铅锌矿床为典型的中温热液脉型矿床,矿体呈脉状、透镜状产出于寿山沟组下段的变质砂板岩之中,其中Ⅱ号矿脉是该矿床主要的工业矿体,总体呈近EW向展布。通过矿区地质、矿化特征、磁法测量及OPIS计算机模拟,指出在断裂构造EW与NE方向转变的地带易成矿,且矿化体具有高极化率、高磁化率、高厚度和高品位特征。磁异常图表现为呈近东西向线性分布的磁异常水平一阶90°、135°导数等值线与近EW向断裂相对应,异常梯度大的区域对应断裂构造方向改变地带。OPIS预测图表明矿体的位置对应数据的高值的中心部位、中心部位附近,或位于断裂面距离变化较陡部位。据此,圈定了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四处外围找矿靶区及Ⅱ-1、Ⅱ-2、Ⅱ-3三处深部找矿靶区,其中Ⅱ-2靶区已被验证。     

松辽外围东部通化盆地油气来源研究——来自通地1井的证据

通化盆地是发育在中生代基底之上的断陷盆地,勘探程度低,在该盆地三棵榆树凹陷钻探的通地1井发现油气显示,但油气来源尚不清楚,制约着盆地后续油气资源勘探部署工作。本文通过对通地1井原油和岩心烃源岩生物标志化合物的特征分析对比,发现通地1井原油与下白垩统下桦皮甸子组和亨通山组黑色泥质烃源岩具有类似的生物标志化合物分布特征,推测三棵榆树凹陷原油主要来自下白垩统下桦皮甸子组烃源岩,也可能来自亨通山组烃源岩,这一成果扩展了通化盆地及周缘油气勘探领域,为通化盆地下一步油气基础地质研究和勘探部署提供重要依据。     

春季长江口外上升流的月际变化——以123°E断面为例

上升流是长江口外海域的重要水文现象,为深入了解该海域上升流的活动特征及其月际变化,于2015年春季(4月、5月和6月)对长江口外海域的水文环境进行逐月综合调查,并以123°E断面为例进行分析。结果显示,在春季调查期间,长江口外海域始终存在上升流现象,是由台湾暖流挟带底层高盐海水自南向北不断推进,并在长江口外海域沿海底斜坡涌升而形成。上升流强度在春季逐月增大,表现为:上升流涌升高度逐月变浅,至6月高盐上升流水体的涌升高度已普遍抬升到约15 m以浅水层,最高达到约10 m水深处;其影响范围不断向北扩展。春季,上升流活动区上层海水的温、盐特征逐渐由相对低温、高盐转变为高温、低盐;位于下层的上升流水体的温、盐特征比较稳定,变化幅度较小;上升流活动区的温、盐跃层现象总体呈现出逐月增强的趋势,盐度跃层现象尤为显著,其水平分布呈现出自南向北逐月扩大的变化趋势;跃层深度不断抬升。调查结果的月际变化特征表明,台湾暖流北进强度的逐月增大是导致春季长江口外上升流活动不断增强的主要因素;随着春季低盐长江冲淡水的强度和范围逐月增大,其与下层上升流挟带的高盐涌升水之间的跃层效应逐渐增强,对下层上升流的涌升有抑制作用;春季苏北沿岸流活动对该海域上升流现象的影响不显著。     

The June 2013 Alberta Catastrophic Flooding Event: Part 1—Climatological aspects and hydrometeorological features

In June 2013, excessive rainfall associated with an intense weather system triggered severe flooding in southern Alberta, which became the costliest natural disaster in Canadian history. This article provides an overview of the climatological aspects and large‐scale hydrometeorological features associated with the flooding event based upon information from a variety of sources, including satellite data, upper air soundings, surface observations and operational model analyses. The results show that multiple factors combined to create this unusually severe event. The event was characterized by a slow‐moving upper level low pressure system west of Alberta, blocked by an upper level ridge, while an associated well‐organized surface low pressure system kept southern Alberta, especially the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, in continuous precipitation for up to two days. Results from air parcel trajectory analysis show that a significant amount of the moisture originated from the central Great Plains, transported into Alberta by a southeasterly low level jet. The event was first dominated by significant thunderstorm activity, and then evolved into continuous precipitation supported by the synoptic‐scale low pressure system. Both the thunderstorm activity and upslope winds associated with the low pressure system produced large rainfall amounts. A comparison with previous similar events occurring in the same region suggests that the synoptic‐scale features associated with the 2013 rainfall event were not particularly intense; however, its storm environment was the most convectively unstable. The system also exhibited a relatively high freezing level, which resulted in rain, rather than snow, mainly falling over the still snow‐covered mountainous areas. Melting associated with this rain‐on‐snow scenario likely contributed to downstream flooding. Furthermore, above‐normal snowfall in the preceding spring helped to maintain snow in the high‐elevation areas, which facilitated the rain‐on‐snow event. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一次典型梅雨锋暴雨过程的多尺度结构特征

利用多种类型资料,对2009年6月29—30日引发鄂皖境内梅雨锋特大暴雨过程的天气形势和中尺度对流系统（MCSs）进行了初步分析,揭示了梅雨锋暴雨系统的多尺度结构特征,并用中尺度模式WRF对梅雨锋暴雨系统进行了9km三重双向嵌套大区域精细模拟,再采用Morlet小波变换对模式输出进行空间带通滤波,分离出α、β和γ中尺度系统,对不同中尺度系统的热力动力三维空间结构特征进行了研究。结果表明：梅雨锋特大暴雨由梅雨锋上多个不同尺度的MCSs活动造成,这些不同尺度的MCSs在卫星云图和雷达回波上呈现出不同的特点。在α、β和γ中尺度上,梅雨锋暴雨中尺度系统在水平和垂直方向上的动力、热力结构特征存在着明显的差异,α、β中尺度系统具有明显的垂直环流,而γ中尺度系统则具有惯性重力波特征,往往嵌套在α、β中尺度系统内发生发展。最后,提出了典型梅雨锋暴雨系统的物理概念模型。