基于 ArcPad 的地理国情普查外业调查系统开发

通过ArcPAD Studio开发环境和VBScript开发工具以及VC＋＋和ArcEngine 9．3,开发了适合全国第一次地理国情普查项目的外业调绘软件,解决了内外业作业数据不一致的情况,实现了两者一体化。通过Configuration和Layer两种开发方式,参考地理国情普查项目的相关规范,实现了地理要素覆盖数据及地理要素的采集、编辑,实现了样点照片及其相关属性的采集。本文还就数据预处理及采集后的数据后处理进行了阐述,使地理国情普查项目的外业调绘工作更加完整化、流程化。     

广西扶绥-崇左地区铝土矿矿产远景调查主要进展及成果

在龙州地区首次发现早石炭世的堆积型铝土矿矿源层,提出广西堆积型铝土矿至少存在早石炭世和晚二叠世两个时代的矿源层。探索运用高密度电阻率法寻找古风化壳沉积型铝土矿的有效性试验工作。提交新发现矿产地4处,探获新增铝土矿(3341)资源量5289.15万吨。重新厘定区域地层岩性及岩相特征,系统总结区内铝土矿矿床(点)的时空分布特征、控矿地质条件、成矿规律及找矿标志,建立了区域成矿模式和预测找矿模型,圈定成矿远景区5处,找矿靶区6处,开展区域矿产预测,初步评价了本区铝土矿资源潜力。为该地区下一步地质调查、矿产勘查规划和开发提供了丰硕的基础资料和有益参考。     

山东省构造型地裂缝成因机制研究

收集了山东省多年来的地裂缝地质灾害调查和研究资料,结合地裂缝地质灾害发育的地质环境背景,对山东省内地裂缝的区域分布特征、发育特点进行了分析,认为山东省内构造型地裂缝广泛发育,并对山东省构造型地裂缝的成因机理进行阐述。     

天水渭北地区变质花岗岩类岩石学特征及其地质时代

天水渭北地区地处祁连与北秦岭造山带结合部位。通过详细的岩石学特征、接触关系、形变及变质特征研究证实,尽管岩体有较强烈的变质和变形作用,但岩体内保留有清晰的原生岩浆组构,岩体与围岩有清楚的侵入关系,因而从变质地层中识别和解体出来众多的变质花岗岩类。主要成岩期及代表性岩类有:晚元古代为片麻状正长花岗岩—二长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩,同位素年龄为953.4～1 450 Ma;震旦纪为片理化石英二长岩—石英闪长岩,同位素年龄为547 Ma。识别和解体出的这些变质花岗岩类,为进一步研究祁连和北秦岭两大构造单元的岩浆事件和构造演化提供了十分重要的信息。     

四川省宁南县主要地质灾害特征及防御对策

宁南县属地质灾害频发区。主要地质灾害点共有31处。威胁6757人的生命财产安全。其中对城镇发生直接威胁4处，学校威胁3处，度假山庄威胁1处，潜在经济损失达22765万元。本文在详细论述地质灾害体特征的基础上并提出了相应的防御对策，提出对当地居民构成重大生命财产威胁的共5处，需采取治理措施，以减少地质灾害的发生。     

农坪金矿床地质特征及成因类型

农坪金矿床产于下古生界五道沟群与燕山期英云闪长（斑）岩接触带英云闪长（斑）岩体内。矿化类型为含金硅化蚀变岩型,矿体受ＮＷ、ＮＥ向断裂及裂隙构造控制,矿床成因类型为次火山热液型。     

Indium Enrichment in the Meng'entaolegai Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract. The Meng'entaolegai In-rich Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is located in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia. It is one of the In-richest deposits in China. Large amounts of quartz and sulfide minerals constitute a hydrothermal quartz-sulfide vein deposit within a Hercynian acidic granite massif, which occupies an area of about 400 km². Thirty-six orebodies, controlled strictly by the E-W trend faults, are found in the orefield of 6 km in length from east to west and 200 to 1,000 m in width from south to north. The ore minerals are mainly galena, sphalerite and pyrite, and subordinate chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, cassiterite and stannite with many Ag-minerals. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite, sericite and chlorite. Economic components of the deposit are dominated by Pb andZn (reserves of Pb and Zn are 0.17 Mt and 0.37 Mt, and their grades are 1 % and 2.3 %, respectively), with Ag, Sn, In and Cd (1,800 t Ag, >2,000 t Sn, >500 t In and 1,800 t Cd) as by-products. Indium is highly enriched in ores and its contents are 9 to 295 ppm in ores and 85 to 2,660 ppm in sphalerite. Analytical results show that the ore-forming fluid of this deposit contains 0.8–3.5 ppm In and 4–36 ppm Sn, and the two elements show a very good positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.8672, while the correlation between In and Zn in the ore-forming fluids, with a correlation coefficient of 0.5723, is not as good as that between In and Sn. This indicates that indium has an affinity with tin in the ore-forming fluids. The authors think that this is probably the main reason why those In-rich deposits spread over the world are simultaneously enriched in tin.     

Directions and possibilities of mathematical geology

This paper considers the present state of mathematical geology. Three directions are recognized: applied, theoretical, and mathematical. Applied mathematical geology includes formal use of mathematics to solve problems and computer processing of data. Success is achieved by a correspondence of mathematical methods used to the nature of geological data. This correspondence can be demonstrated by purely mathematical means. Theoretical mathematical geology uses mathematics as a language of geology; however, a number of methodological problems must be solved: formalization of initial geological concepts and creation of a strict conceptual basis, substantiation of initial principles of mathematical simulation, creation of theoretical geological models, problems of elementary and coincidence in geology, and methodological substantiations of possibilities of any mathematical model to approximate geological models. The essense and significance of these problems are considered. The main task of mathematical geology is to prove its correspondence to the nature of the geological objects studied, geological data obtained, and geological problems solvable. Finally, the main problems of mathematical geology are not so much mathematical as geological and methodological.     

地学时间单位Ma和Myr及其派生单位用法的探讨

针对夏明生先生认为“Ma”及其派生单位(如“m/Ma”和“℃/Ma”)在地学期刊中属错误用法的观点,查阅了国家标准GB 3100-93和国际地学期刊有关规定。进而提出“Ma”和“Myr”均可表示“100万年”的观点,并指出这两个单位在国际期刊用法中的区别,即“Ma”用于表示某一地质事件距今的绝对年代(absolute dates),而“Myr”用于表示某一地质事件的延续时间或时间间隔(duration或interval)。另外,还提出了Ma”和“Myr”的派生单位供大家讨论。     

Molybdenum Mass Fractions and Isotopic Compositions of International Geological Reference Materials

The double‐spike method with multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry was used to measure the Mo mass fractions and isotopic compositions of a set of geological reference materials including the mineral molybdenite, seawater, coral, as well as igneous and sedimentary rocks. The long‐term reproducibility of the Mo isotopic measurements, based on two‐year analyses of NIST SRM 3134 reference solutions and seawater samples, was ≤ 0.07‰ (two standard deviations, 2s, n = 167) for δ^98/95Mo. Accuracy was evaluated by analyses of Atlantic seawater, which yielded a mean δ^98/95Mo of 2.03 ± 0.06‰ (2s, n = 30, relative to NIST SRM 3134 = 0‰) and mass fraction of 0.0104 ± 0.0006 μg g^?1 (2s, n = 30), which is indistinguishable from seawater samples taken world‐wide and measured in other laboratories. The comprehensive data set presented in this study serves as a reference for quality assurance and interlaboratory comparison of high‐precision Mo mass fractions and isotopic compositions.