浙西北淳安银山地区银铅锌矿床矿石结构构造、矿石成分及成矿机制

浙西北与同处钦杭成矿带东段的赣东北和皖南相比,由于其地质研究程度较低,在该区尚未能找到大型多金属矿床。近年来,随着地质勘查程度的不断提高,淳安地区银山一带发现中型以上银铅锌矿床。本文选取银山矿区钻井岩芯中富含银、铅、锌矿石样品,利用显微镜观察和电子探针分析等方法,对其中的银等多金属的矿石结构构造、矿石成分及成矿机制等进行了较深入的研究。研究表明,银山地区多金属(银、铅、锌)矿体主要分布在蓝田组上段与上覆皮园村组之间的接触带中,另有部分处于蓝田组层内岩性变化的界面以及蓝田组底部白云质灰岩和下伏南沱组含砾泥岩之间,均呈似层状展布。矿石呈自形-半自形粒状结构、他形粒状结构和交代残余结构以及块状构造、浸染状构造和网脉状构造。金属矿物组合主要分为黄铁矿-黄铜矿-方铅矿-闪锌矿和磁黄铁矿-毒砂-闪锌矿两组,其中前者位于蓝田组顶部和皮园村组之间,属于中低温热液型的矿物组合,后者位于蓝田组下部和南沱组之间,属于中温热液型的矿物组合。通过对不同金属矿物中银含量的对比分析,得出银山地区银元素主要赋存在方铅矿中。脉石矿物有石英、方解石、白云母、绿泥石、单斜辉石等,尤其在矿石中多见的细粒单斜辉石按其成分上的差异分为透辉石和钙铁辉石两类,指示了热液作用对成矿的显著影响。综上所述,笔者认为浙西北银山多金属矿床成因很可能为早期层控-后期中低温热液改造的叠生型矿床。其形成机制是:震旦纪时期海相火山喷流沉积使得部分多金属成层聚集,蓝田组地层为银山多金属矿床的形成提供了部分的物质来源,加里东期的变质变形作用及其发育的断裂构造也具有一定的控制作用;随后,大规模的燕山期花岗质岩浆及其流体组分沿断裂带上侵,不仅使得原有地层中的多金属元素进一步富集,而且其本身也可能带入部分多金属流体,从而使得富含多金属元素热液流体在具有地球化学障的岩性界面上富集成矿。此项研究对该地区及邻区进一步找矿勘探具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。     

芦岭井田煤层气开发地质条件及开发方式选择

我国煤层气地质条件复杂,针对不同地质条件,选择合理的煤层气开发方式,对煤层气抽采非常重要。分析研究芦岭井田煤层气开发地质条件显示：芦岭井田构造及水文地质条件较复杂;目标煤层发育层数多,厚度大,煤层埋藏较深,且分布较稳定;煤层主要为构造软煤,渗透性较差,气含量较高。通过对目前煤层气不同开发方式的适用性分析,结合芦岭井田的煤层气开发地质条件,在目前经济技术条件下,优选出地面垂直井为本区煤层气的首选开发方式。     

基于地质多元统计分析的煤层气含量建模方法——以沁水盆地南部某区块3号煤层为例

煤层的气含量是煤层气评价选区中的重要指标,同时也是进行煤层气储量计算的重要参数。通过剖析三维地质建模原理和煤层气含量的制约因素,并以山西沁水盆地南部煤层气开发示范区为例,使用地质多元统计分析方法,建立了煤层气含量的预测模型。通过与气含量的实验数据对比表明,该方法的预测精度较高,误差均在10%以内,其中多元线性回归法的误差为4.50%,效果最好,具有实际意义。实例分析表明,选取适当的气含量制约因素,利用多元统计分析方法建立煤层气含量预测模型,对煤层气三维地质建模乃至煤层气开发都具有指导作用。     

基于Hoek-Brown强度准则的应变软化模型在隧道工程中的应用

基于Hoek-Brown强度准则及量化GSI围岩评级系统,分析岩体强度弱化行为,总结出确定岩体峰值及峰后强度参数的方法,提出应变软化模型的简化计算方法,并以FLAC3D数值模拟软件为工具,采用收敛-约束法对深埋大断面隧道支护结构及围岩稳定性进行分析,计算出支护结构安全系数。通过分析得出：随着围岩应力释放,岩体软化参数随之减小,岩体强度弱化行为突出;高地质强度GSI指标（GSI=75）的岩体虽然强度弱化程度较大,但围岩的变形量仍然较小,而低GSI指标（GSI=25）的岩体表现出了理想弹塑性行为;提出的简化Hoek-Brown应变软化模型适合应用于隧道中岩质相近区段围岩的研究;采用收敛-约束法对隧道支护结构的稳定性进行分析,可为隧道工程的初期支护优化设计及安全性评价提供参考。     

河北省阳原县地质灾害调查与区划

结合地质灾害调查与区划项目中“以人为本”的思想，根据阳原县具体的地理情况、地质环境，分析引起地质灾害的主要因素，查明区内存在的地质灾害隐患，对地质灾害进行区划，划分出地质灾害危险区、易发区、稳定区，并依据区划结果提出治理阳原县地质灾害的切实可行的建议，指出在不同地质灾害区中采取不同处理措施。     

大兴安岭地区浅覆盖层对地面伽马能谱测量的影响

讨论在大兴安岭地区进行地质填图中浅覆盖层对伽马能谱测量的影响问题。通过放射性元素的取样分析、岩石—土壤的矿物分析以及实测剖面分析,得知了伽马能谱测量的影响因素,从而为应用伽马能谱测量解决地质填图中的问题提供了依据。     

RGMAP系统在1：5万区调中的应用

根据RGMAP系统在崇阳县幅1：5万区调过程中的应用实践．阐述了数字区调过程中的数字路线、数字实测剖面数据采集以及室内数据整理、地质图编稿和专题图件制作的工作流程和方法，在此基础上对RGMAP综合应用进行了展望．     

Origin and tectonic significance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system within the Yangtze Block (South China)

In the Yangtze Block (South China), a well-developed Mesozoic thrust system extends through the Xuefeng and Wuling mountains in the southeast to the Sichuan basin in the northwest. The system comprises both thin- and thick-skinned thrust units separated by a boundary detachment fault, the Dayin fault. To the northwest, the thin-skinned belt is characterized by either chevron anticlines and box synclines to the northwest or chevron synclines to the southeast. The former structural style displays narrow exposures for the cores of anticlines and wider exposures for the cores of synclines. Thrust detachments occur along Silurian (Fs) and Lower Cambrian (Fc) strata and are dominantly associated with the anticlines. To the southeast, this style of deformation passes gradually into one characterized by chevron synclines with associated principal detachment faults along Silurian (Fs), Cambrian (Fc) and Lower Sinian (Fz) strata. There are, however, numerous secondary back thrusts. Therefore, the thin-skinned belt is like the Valley and Ridge Province of the North American Applachian Mountains. The thick-skinned belt structurally overlies the thin-skinned belt and is characterized by a number of klippen including the Xuefeng and Wuling nappes. It is thus comparable to the Blue Ridge Province of Appalachia.The structural pattern of this thrust system in South China can be explained by a model involving detachment faulting along various stratigraphic layers at different stages of its evolution. The system was developed through a northwest stepwise progression of deformation with the earliest delamination along Lower Sinian strata (Fz). Analyses of balanced geological cross-sections yield about 18.1–21% (total 88 km) shortening for the thin-skinned unit and at least this amount of shortening for the thick-skinned unit. The compressional deformation from southeast to northwest during Late Jurassic to Cretaceous time occurred after the westward progressive collision of the Yangtze Block with the North China Block and suggests that the orogenic event was intracontinental in nature.     

Spatial Database of Geological Survey Extent in 20th Century in China

During the whole 20th century in China, especially the latest 50 years, we have gotten much geological information about geological mapping, geophysics, geochemistry, mineral exploration,remote sensing, environmental geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology and oceanic geology etc. by our geologists and explorers. All the information has been accmnulated and can be used as a dcision-making foundation for the future plan of geological survey. The spatial database of geological survey ex-tents has been established by using computer technology. The database contained all kinds of exploration sections and collected about 160 000 records in this database. This paper introduces the data construc-tion ,contents and applying systemof this database, and trys to let people know what kinds of geological survey were finished, when the exploration were carried out, and how and where you can get this infor-mation.     

Theoretical Study on Stochastic Modeling of Combined Gravity-Magnetic-Electric-Seismic Inversion and Its Application

As gravity field,magnetic field,electric field and seismic wave field are all physical fields,their object function,reverse function and compound function are certainly infinite contiuously differentiable func-tions which can be expanded into Taylor (Fourier) series within domain of definition and be further reduced in-to solving stochastic distribution function of series and statistic inference of optimal approximation,This is the basis of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion built on the basis of separation of field and source gravity-magnetic difference-value(D-value)trend surface,taking distribution-independent fault sys-tem as its unit,depths of seismic and electric interfaces of interests as its corresponding bivariate compound re-verse function of gravity-magnetic anomalies and using high order polynomial(high order trigonometric func-tion)approximating to its series distribution,The difference from current dominant inversion techniques is that,first,it does not respectively create gravity-seismic,magnetic-seismic deterministic inversion model from theoretical model,but combines gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic stochastic inversion model from stochastic model;second,after the concept of equivalent geological body being introduced,using feature of independent variable of gravity-magnetic field functions,taking density and susceptibility related to gravity-magnetic func-tion as default parameters of model,the deterministic model is established owing to better solution to the con-tradictioc of difficulty in identifying strata and less test analytical data for density and susceptibility in newly explored area;third,under assumption of independent parent distribution,a real modeling by strata,the prob-lem of difficult plane closure arising in profile modeling is avoided,This technology has richer and more detailed fault and strata information than sparse pattern seismic data in newly explored area,successfully inverses and plots structural map of Indosinian discontinuty in Hefei basin with combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion,With development of high precision gravity-magnetic and overall geophysical technology,it is certain for introducing new methods of stochastic modeling and computational intelligence and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial path.