基于Hoek-Brown强度准则的应变软化模型在隧道工程中的应用

基于Hoek-Brown强度准则及量化GSI围岩评级系统,分析岩体强度弱化行为,总结出确定岩体峰值及峰后强度参数的方法,提出应变软化模型的简化计算方法,并以FLAC3D数值模拟软件为工具,采用收敛-约束法对深埋大断面隧道支护结构及围岩稳定性进行分析,计算出支护结构安全系数。通过分析得出：随着围岩应力释放,岩体软化参数随之减小,岩体强度弱化行为突出;高地质强度GSI指标（GSI=75）的岩体虽然强度弱化程度较大,但围岩的变形量仍然较小,而低GSI指标（GSI=25）的岩体表现出了理想弹塑性行为;提出的简化Hoek-Brown应变软化模型适合应用于隧道中岩质相近区段围岩的研究;采用收敛-约束法对隧道支护结构的稳定性进行分析,可为隧道工程的初期支护优化设计及安全性评价提供参考。     

Origin and tectonic significance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system within the Yangtze Block (South China)

In the Yangtze Block (South China), a well-developed Mesozoic thrust system extends through the Xuefeng and Wuling mountains in the southeast to the Sichuan basin in the northwest. The system comprises both thin- and thick-skinned thrust units separated by a boundary detachment fault, the Dayin fault. To the northwest, the thin-skinned belt is characterized by either chevron anticlines and box synclines to the northwest or chevron synclines to the southeast. The former structural style displays narrow exposures for the cores of anticlines and wider exposures for the cores of synclines. Thrust detachments occur along Silurian (Fs) and Lower Cambrian (Fc) strata and are dominantly associated with the anticlines. To the southeast, this style of deformation passes gradually into one characterized by chevron synclines with associated principal detachment faults along Silurian (Fs), Cambrian (Fc) and Lower Sinian (Fz) strata. There are, however, numerous secondary back thrusts. Therefore, the thin-skinned belt is like the Valley and Ridge Province of the North American Applachian Mountains. The thick-skinned belt structurally overlies the thin-skinned belt and is characterized by a number of klippen including the Xuefeng and Wuling nappes. It is thus comparable to the Blue Ridge Province of Appalachia.The structural pattern of this thrust system in South China can be explained by a model involving detachment faulting along various stratigraphic layers at different stages of its evolution. The system was developed through a northwest stepwise progression of deformation with the earliest delamination along Lower Sinian strata (Fz). Analyses of balanced geological cross-sections yield about 18.1–21% (total 88 km) shortening for the thin-skinned unit and at least this amount of shortening for the thick-skinned unit. The compressional deformation from southeast to northwest during Late Jurassic to Cretaceous time occurred after the westward progressive collision of the Yangtze Block with the North China Block and suggests that the orogenic event was intracontinental in nature.     

Theoretical Study on Stochastic Modeling of Combined Gravity-Magnetic-Electric-Seismic Inversion and Its Application

As gravity field,magnetic field,electric field and seismic wave field are all physical fields,their object function,reverse function and compound function are certainly infinite contiuously differentiable func-tions which can be expanded into Taylor (Fourier) series within domain of definition and be further reduced in-to solving stochastic distribution function of series and statistic inference of optimal approximation,This is the basis of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion built on the basis of separation of field and source gravity-magnetic difference-value(D-value)trend surface,taking distribution-independent fault sys-tem as its unit,depths of seismic and electric interfaces of interests as its corresponding bivariate compound re-verse function of gravity-magnetic anomalies and using high order polynomial(high order trigonometric func-tion)approximating to its series distribution,The difference from current dominant inversion techniques is that,first,it does not respectively create gravity-seismic,magnetic-seismic deterministic inversion model from theoretical model,but combines gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic stochastic inversion model from stochastic model;second,after the concept of equivalent geological body being introduced,using feature of independent variable of gravity-magnetic field functions,taking density and susceptibility related to gravity-magnetic func-tion as default parameters of model,the deterministic model is established owing to better solution to the con-tradictioc of difficulty in identifying strata and less test analytical data for density and susceptibility in newly explored area;third,under assumption of independent parent distribution,a real modeling by strata,the prob-lem of difficult plane closure arising in profile modeling is avoided,This technology has richer and more detailed fault and strata information than sparse pattern seismic data in newly explored area,successfully inverses and plots structural map of Indosinian discontinuty in Hefei basin with combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion,With development of high precision gravity-magnetic and overall geophysical technology,it is certain for introducing new methods of stochastic modeling and computational intelligence and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial path.     

冀北坝上地区深部地质构造特征及其对火山活动和铀成矿的控制作用

冀北坝上地区位于华北地台北缘。其深部地质构造有两个显著特征：一是全区性的莫霍面下拗，地壳增厚；二是软流圈部分伸入到下岩石图上部，造成局部地区地幔上隆，地壳减薄。火山喷发形成的沽源火山盆地和大滩火山盆地与两个地幔上隆，地壳减薄区，上下相互对应。铀矿床（点）沿地幔隆起周边构造活动带规律性分布。上述两事实有力地证明了深部地质构造对中新生代火山活动和铀成矿的控制作用。沿地幔隆起周边构造活动带是今后寻找铀及多金属矿产的有利地段。     

山东西直格庄金矿矿床地质特征及其找矿指示意义

本文在区域成矿地质背景的基础上,详细论述了西直格庄金矿的控矿断裂特征、矿体地质特征和矿石特征及矿物成分等,并划分出4个蚀变矿化阶段。通过矿化类型、矿物组合等研究确定西直格庄金矿成因类型属于交代—重熔岩浆期后中低温热液沿破碎带交代型金矿床。通过金矿床成矿规律的分析进一步提出地层、岩性、构造、围岩蚀变等方面是该金矿深部及外围的找矿标志及方向。     

呼和浩特市大青山山前倾斜平原地质环境问题形成机理研究

长期地下水超采,导致呼和浩特市大青山山前倾斜平原浅层地下水疏干,深层承压水水位持续下降,局部地区承压水转为无压水等地质环境问题。利用呼和浩特市城区地下水开采量资料、地下水位动态监测资料以及呼和浩特市水文气象数据,结合该市城市社会经济发展状况,通过自然因素和人为影响两个方面对其地质环境问题产生机理进行总结分析。山前倾斜平原含水层结构的特殊性及自然条件的改变为呼和浩特市地质环境问题的发生提供了可能;承压水开采量的增大及山前侧向径流补给的减少是地质环境问题的发生的决定性因素;双层结构承压水对浅层水的山前侧向径流补给的袭夺,加速了大青山山前地质环境问题的形成和发展。     

滇中地区铝土矿床地质特征及成矿规律

通过对滇中地区典型铝土矿(老煤山铝土矿)成矿地质特征研究, 认为该区铝土矿为古风化壳沉积型铝土矿, 主要受地层层位、岩性古地理条件、褶皱构造及后期抬升改造影响。研究认为该区具有一定勘探潜力。     

如何撰写地质科技论文（2）——地质科技论文的引言部分

文章详细论述了如何撰写地质调研类科技论文的中心报告部分,引出中心报告的次一级组织结构形式——分述结构,并详细讨论了分述结构组成的各部分的写作内容和写作技巧,最后辅以实例进行分析点评。     

象山煤矿中小型地质构造发育规律及其预测

通过对象山井田勘探、建井及采掘生产以来的地质构造资料进行整理、统计和作图分析,系统总结了已采区断层构造的发育特征和展布组合规律,并对井田未采区的地质构造进行了预测。结果显示,象山煤矿煤层中的断层构造极为发育,主采煤层中众多的中小型构造具有明显的方向性,其中断层展布方向主要为NW向,其次为近EW向、NE向和近SN向;断层发育具有明显的成带性,在3号煤层中划分出4个构造带组和16个构造带,在这些构造带内,煤层构造较为复杂,对安全开采影响较大,而在这些构造带之间则为煤层构造相对简单的块段。     

珠江三角洲冲积平原土壤氟高含量区形成原因

珠江三角洲经过系统的1∶250000区域土壤地球化学调查发现,在三角洲冲积平原存在氟的高含量分布区。氟高含量区分布于第四纪海相和海陆交互相,从海相→海陆交互相→陆相含量逐渐降低,相同沉积相含量变化很小。从地表至深部,含量变化与沉积相关系密切,海陆交互相含量变化很小,而陆相含量变化较大。氟高含量区空间分布特征明显,控制因素显著,属于在沉积地质作用过程形成的。可能与珠江三角洲形成过程,西江、北江和东江带来大量含氟物质,加上海水富含氟,导致海相和海陆交互相沉积物氟含量较高而出现大面积的高含量区。