济南药山崩塌地质灾害治理方法初探

济南地区的中基性岩体,大面积隐伏分布于济南市北部地带,零星出露为孤峰或丘陵,构成济南地区著名的"齐烟九点"地貌景观。药山为"齐烟九点"之一,地处济南杂岩体的中西部,岩性主要为闪长岩、辉长岩等,块状结构,节理裂隙发育,易球状风化形成临空状危岩体,构成崩塌地质灾害隐患。结合济南药山危岩体组合特征,进行了稳定性计算和分析,提出了不同的治理方案以及具体施工方法和施工顺序,以期达到消除地质灾害隐患的目的,切实保护人民生命财产安全,为类似地区开展地质灾害治理提供参考。     

河北兴隆洞子沟银-铜矿床地质特征及成因探讨

根据矿床地质特征、成矿温度、成矿时代及成矿物质来源等方面的研究，认为本矿床成矿流体来源于地慢岩浆水，并有海水混入。成矿物质主要来源于深部地壳和地慢，通过同生断裂喷气—喷流作用，在有利的地层和物理化学条件下沉淀成矿。矿床成因属于同生断裂喷流热液层控矿床。     

远东南部地区冲积砂金矿

根据10个在不同地质及地表化学条件下形成的砂金矿床的研究资料表明,金的化学再分配机制序列为:原岩(或矿石)→地下水→地表水→含金砂矿。     

基于人工神经网络的区域地质灾害危险性预测评价

地质灾害危险性预测评价的准确性,主要取决于基础资料的可靠性和数学模型的合理性。论文结合工程实例,尝试用人工神经网络方法(改进的神经网络BP模型)对区域地质灾害危险性预测进行评价研究。然后与目前常用的方法(如层次分析法、信息量法和模糊综合评判法等)所得出的结果相比较。结果表明,运用人工神经网络方法对区域地质灾害危险性预测评价相对常用方法更准确、可靠,具有一定的实用意义及推广价值。     

新疆典型干盐湖成钾条件对比与指标模型初探

选取新疆塔里木盆地及准噶尔盆地的2个典型终端干盐湖罗布泊和玛纳斯盐湖,对其成钾条件和模式进行对比分析,分别从盆地地理纬度、构造位置、盆地规模、所处气候带以及区域水文化学特征、盐类矿物组合特征、钾盐富集特征和品位等多个方面进行了研究。罗布泊地区气候干燥指数＞150,补给河流的ρ(K)×10²/ρ(Cl)比值为3.29∶1～5.08∶1,晶间卤水的ρ(K)×10²/ρ(Cl)比值为3.71∶1～6.66∶1,卤水氯化钾品位1.4%,资源量达3.2亿吨。而玛纳斯湖干燥指数为8.63,补给水源的ρ(K)×10²/ρ(Cl)为1.5∶1～12∶1,晶间卤水ρ(K)×10²/ρ(Cl)为0.1∶1～1.6∶1,卤水氯化钾品位0.33%,资源量为37.23万吨。研究结果表明,罗布泊在气候和物源补给上都比玛纳斯湖具有明显优势,有利于形成大型钾盐矿。2个干旱区典型盆地可观察实验的成钾指标对比分析,对于建立蒸发岩盆地成钾指标模型具有重要的参考意义。     

贵州省兴义市雄武地区铀成矿特征及成矿条件

简述了雄武地区成矿地质背景,重点论述了铀成矿特征及成矿条件。铀矿化主要赋存于下一中三叠系及龙潭组底部,和沉积环境有一定关系。构造分级控矿明显,断裂构造和热液是铀成矿富集的必要条件。铀和钼、砷关系密切,铀和金常相伴出现,可以利用元素之间关系指导找矿。     

Status of Macrobenthic Community and Its Relationships to Trace Metals and Natural Sediment Characteristics

Laizhou Bay, located in the northwest of Shandong Peninsula, has complex transitional environments between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In the present study, a total of 122, 131, and 139 species were collected in spring, summer, and autumn 2011, respectively. Species constitutions of macrobenthos were grouped into four phyla, of which annelida were the most abundant phylum, the average biomass proportion of echinodermata was the lowest, and the proportion of important species for mollusca was the highest. The structure of the macrobenthic community showed significant differences between sites, and greater divergence was observed between the third site (S03) and other stations. The ABC plots showed that the biomass curve lay below the abundance curve, and the W‐statistic value was negative. The result of the BOPA index showed that two stations had moderate ecological status in spring and that there were two heavily polluted sites and one moderately polluted site in summer. The BIO‐ENV analyses indicated that the grain‐size fractions together with trace metals (Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr) could be considered as the major environmental variables influencing the macrobenthic patterns. The results together demonstrated that the macrobenthic communities in Laizhou Bay were negatively affected, perhaps by the tremendous impact of heavy metals in the sediments.     

基于高精度DEM和RS技术的滑坡环境指标参数快速提取方法——以陕西省宝鸡市金台区长乐塬特大型滑坡为例

DEM和RS技术是研究滑坡地质灾害的重要资料和手段。近年来,随着高空间分辨率遥感卫星和高精度雷达卫星的上天,可以获取现时性高精度的DEM,使滑坡地质灾害的研究由二维向三维提升。利用IRS-P5数据生成的5m精度的DEM,借鉴GOOGLE的三维可视性原理,将其和高空间分辨率QuickBird(0.61m)数据叠置到数字地球之上,制作成三维可视性图像,进行滑坡环境指标参数提取方法研究。研究结果表明,该方法可直接读取滑坡环境指标的三维参数,具有客观、准确、快速的特点,可为滑坡灾害评估和区域地质灾害危险性评价提供定量化资料。     

渤海湾巨葛庄贝壳堤与下伏泥层有孔虫组合的海面变化意义

根据巨葛庄贝壳堤及下伏泥层的有孔虫研究,讨论了贝壳堤底板和下伏泥层各类沉积环境的海面意义,以此作为海面标志点重建的古海面误差范围为±0.225~±0.625m。结合该贝壳堤底板和下伏泥层顶板的年龄数据,重建了3900~3300cal BP时的海面高度为-2.955~-2.715m。     

Overview of Ecological Restoration Technologies and Evaluation Systems

Ecological degradation is a global problem, and ecological restoration technologies have played and will continue to play an important role in its mitigation. However, the lack of systematic research and evaluations of ecological technologies has thus far affected their effective application in vulnerable ecological regions. This study therefore provides an overview of the main technologies for remediating soil and water erosion, desertification, and rock desertification in China and throughout the world. It addresses key issues and recommends approaches for evaluating ecological restoration technologies. Restoration technology emerged as early as 1800. Over the years such technology has changed from single objective applications to multi-purpose, multi-objective applications employing strategies that take into account ecosystem rehabilitation and integrated ecological and socioeconomic development. Along with this technological evolution, different countries have taken pertinent actions as part of their restoration initiatives. However, key issues remain, including the lack of location-specific restoration technologies and a methodological strategy to assess and prioritize existing technologies. This study proposes a four-level analytical hierarchical framework in conjunction with an indicator system that highlights the establishment and adaptation of associative indicators, while also recommending a three-phase evaluation method (TheMert), targeting TheMert to qualitative (quick and extensive) and quantitative (detailed) evaluations in order to select the most appropriate restoration technologies available. This study can also be used as a basis for understanding the evaluation and prioritization of restoration technologies, while increasing the awareness of decision makers and the public on the role of technology in restoring degraded ecosystems.