浅层地震勘探在某工业区工程地质勘察中的应用

本文简要地介绍了浅层地震勘探为解决工程地质问题所采用的野外工作、资料处理与解释的方法技术,以及“五小二高”的工作方法,讨论了结合反射波法开展折射波法的必要性。结果表明,浅层地震对查明基岩埋深及断裂有独到的作用,可为开发区整体工业布局提供比较准确可靠的地质依据。     

直流激电法在栾川西部铝锌矿勘查中的应用

本文收集了笔者近年来在栾川西部地区所作的激电资料，通过综合整理和研究，分析了铝锌矿的直流激电异常特征。探讨了应用直流激电法探寻铅锌矿应注意的若干问题，解决了该区铅锌矿与其它矿种的区分，取得了较好的找矿成果。     

Geologic relationships and mineralization of peralkaline/alkaline granite-syenite of the Zargat Na''am ring complex, Southeastern Desert, Egypt

The Zargat Na'am ring complex crops out 90 km NW of Shalatin City in the Southeastern Desert of Egypt. The ring complex forms a prominent ridge standing high above the surrounding mafic-ultramafic hills. It is cut by two sets of joints and faults which strike predominantly NNW-SSE and E-W,and is injected by dikes, porphyritic alkaline syenites, and felsite porphyries. It consists of alkali syenites, alkali quartz syenites, and peralkaline arfvedsonite-bearing granitic and pegmatitic dikes and sills.The complex is characterized locally by extreme enrichments in REEs, wolframite and rare, high field strength metals (HFSM), such as Zr and Nb. The highest concentrations ( 1.5 wt% Zr, 0.25 wt% Nb,0.6 wt% ∑REEs) occur in aegirine-albite aplites that formed around arfvedsonite pegmatites. Quartzhosted melt inclusions in arfvedsonite granite and pegmatite provide unequivocal evidence that the peralkaline compositions and rare metal enrichments are primary magmatic features. Glass inclusions in quartz crystals also have high concentrations of incompatible trace elements including Nb (750 × 10-6), Zr (2500 × 10-6) and REEs (1450 × 10-6). The REEs, Nb and Zr compositions of the aegirine-albite aplites plot along the same linear enrichment trends as the melt inclusions, and Y/Ho ratios mostly display unfractionated, near-chondritic values. The chemical and textural features of the aegirine-albite aplites are apparently resultant from rapid crystallization after volatile loss from a residual peralkaline granitic melt similar in composition to the melt inclusions.     

Heavy Oil and Oil (Tar) Sands in North America: An Overview & Summary of Contributions

As conventional oil and gas reservoirs become depleted other unconventional energy sources have to be recovered and produced. Four of the major unconventional resources that are strategic for North American interests are heavy oil, oil sands, oil shales, and coal-bed methane. Recent interest and activity in Canada’s vast oil sands are progressing rapidly as soaring oil prices are fueling a ‘gold rush’ in oil sands development in Alberta. This interest is evident by the record-number of oil sands and heavy oil presentations at Energy Minerals Division (EMD)-sponsored sessions at the 2004 and 2005 Annual Conventions of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), held in Dallas, TX and Calgary, AB.     

Geological Observations of Damage Asymmetry in the Structure of the San Jacinto, San Andreas and Punchbowl Faults in Southern California: A Possible Indicator for Preferred Rupture Propagation Direction

We present new in situ observations of systematic asymmetry in the pattern of damage expressed by fault zone rocks along sections of the San Andreas, San Jacinto, and Punchbowl faults in southern California. The observed structural asymmetry has consistent manifestations at a fault core scale of millimeters to meters, a fault zone scale of meters to tens of meters and related geomorphologic features. The observed asymmetric signals are in agreement with other geological and geophysical observations of structural asymmetry in a damage zone scale of tens to hundreds of meters. In all of those scales, more damage is found on the side of the fault with faster seismic velocities at seismogenic depths. The observed correlation between the damage asymmetry and local seismic velocity structure is compatible with theoretical predictions associated with preferred propagation direction of earthquake ruptures along faults that separate different crustal blocks. The data are consistent with a preferred northwestward propagation direction for ruptures on all three faults. If our results are supported by additional observations, asymmetry of structural properties determined in field studies can be utilized to infer preferred propagation direction of large earthquake ruptures along a given fault section. The property of a preferred rupture direction can explain anomalous behavior of historic rupture events, and may have profound implications for many aspects of earthquake physics on large faults.     

地震属性优化及其在储层预测中的应用

利用地震资料属性信息预测油气储层已越来越受到石油地球物理工作者的广泛重视。但如何优化地震属性,从而更加精确地预测薄砂岩储层特征,提高其描述精度,更是地质及地球物理勘探家们始终不懈的追求。本文在借鉴主成分分析思想的基础上,提出一种新的地震属性优化方法-约束主成分分析。经理论模型的计算及油田区的实际应用表明:该方法不仅能提高储层预测的精度,而且具有更好的适用性。     

综合指数法和AHP法在地质灾害危险性综合评估中的应用

针对地质灾害危险性综合评估存在的模糊性,介绍了综合指数法及AHP法在地质灾害危险性综合评估中的计算方法及步骤。并通过工程实例,阐述了其应用。     

闽北地质灾害的分布特征及其成因分析

通过分析闽北地质灾害与降水特征表明:闽北地质灾害时间分布与降水、尤其是与暴雨的分布一致。其空间分布与地质条件的分布一致,而与年降雨量、3~8月降雨量的分布相反。地质灾害发生数的74.9%均在针叶林及经济林中,95.7%发生在坡度>20°的陡坡处。地质灾害与岩土性质以及岩土结构有一定的关系。当浮土厚度在5m或以上时极易发生地质灾害。因此,闽北地质灾害的发生的主要因素是地质条件,强降雨则是其重要的触发条件,人类活动也是诱发地质灾害的因素之一。文章根据地质条件将闽北的地质灾害按易发程度分为:高易发区、中易发区及低易发区。