基于移去-恢复法的局部似大地水准面精化模型对比研究

针对似大地水准面在精化过程中不同移去-恢复高程转换模型的适用性和选取问题,基于二次曲面和EGM2008重力场模型,分别构建了RBF神经网络、多面函数和Shepard等3种类型的移去-恢复模型,结合平原和高原山区两个工程实例,通过调整高程拟合点数目进行似大地水准面拟合与精度对比。结果表明,在平原地区,EGM2008-多面函数高程模型精度略优于其他模型;在高原山区,当拟合点数较少时,基于EGM2008的移去-恢复模型精度高于基于二次曲面的移去-恢复模型,其中,EGM2008-多面函数和EGM2008-Shepard较优,而随着拟合点数目的增加,二次曲面-Shepard高程转换模型的精度优于其他模型。     

Regional geoid determination in Antarctica utilizing airborne gravity and topography data

Antarctica is the only continent that suffers major gaps in terrestrial gravity data coverage. To overcome this problem and to close these gaps as well as to densify the global satellite gravity field solutions, the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Commission Project 2.4 “Antarctic Geoid” was set into action. This paper reviews the current situation concerning the gravity field in Antarctica. It is shown that airborne geophysical surveys are the most promising tools to gain new gravity data in Antarctica. In this context, a number of projects to be carried out during the International Polar Year 2007/2008 will contribute to this goal. To demonstrate the feasibility of the regional geoid improvement in Antarctica, we present a case study using gravity and topography data of the southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. During the processing, the remove–compute– restore (RCR) technique and least-squares collocation (LSC) were applied. Adding signal parts of up to 6 m to the global gravity field model that was used as a basis, the calculated regional quasigeoid reveals the dominant features of bedrock topography in that region, namely the graben structure of the Lambert glacier system. The accuracy of the improved regional quasigeoid is estimated to be at the level of 15 cm.     

大地水准面数值计算及结构分析

针对大地水准面精化问题,该文提出了基于大地水准面起伏几何性质构建精确大地水准面的方法。相对传统方法根据经验公式设计精化大地水准面分辨率,该文提出了一种顾及区域性特点的大地水准面分辨率设计方法,推导了构建厘米级大地水准面需要达到的空间分辨率计算公式。采用Alltrans EGM2008Calculator 1.00软件计算不同区域的大地水准面高程,并用坡度方法分析大地水准面的精细结构。最后以江西省大地水准面起伏为基础,采用该方法进行计算。结果表明:构建厘米级大地水准面需要达到的空间分辨率为7″,可为大地水准面精化研究提供参考。     

Digital astro-geodetic camera system for the measurement of the deflections of the vertical: tests and results

This study introduces the new results of a novel low-cost digital zenith camera system operated in Turkey that uses astronomical and geodetic instrumentation. Currently, it is possible to determine deflections of the vertical (DoV) components by using a vast amount of information gathered from geo-referenced star images, tilt measurements, and Global Navigation Satellite System technology. This new design of an astro-geodetic camera system is used for calculating DoV components with 12 independent solutions on a test station in Istanbul, and additional observations were performed to investigate the external accuracy of the system on a test network. A specific leveling method is developed to align system toward the zenithal direction. The final results of the observations on a test station located in Istanbul indicate that the accuracy of the system is about ±0.19 arc-seconds in latitude and ±0.28 arc-seconds in longitude determination. The system has been further tested on a network with 4 control points that have averagely 20?km baselines. At the test network, the root mean square of the average value of the vertical deflections is calculated as ±0.36 arc-seconds. Furthermore, DoV components are compared with the values that are calculated using global geopotential models.     

数字城管部件数据库艺术化表达技术研究

数字城管部件在城市管理应用中是一种专业性极强而又抽象的符号,对非专业人员来说很难辨别不同类型的部件符号,也给数字城市的管理带来许多不便。针对这种现状,本文提出了数字城管基础部件的艺术化表达技术研究,将对城市中的专业部件符号进行后期加工处理,采取特殊手段进行美化,使它看起来不仅形象美观,而且蕴藏着丰富的信息量,普通用户也可方便使用。这将在数字城管建设中发挥强大的作用,并且有力推动地理信息技术在智慧城市中的应用。     

基于DLG数据的DEM精细化(二维)制作探讨

通过宁夏DEM精细化制作,探讨基于1∶10 000 DLG数据的DEM精细化生产过程中的技术,进一步细化生成多尺度数字高程模型数据。     

不同TEC分布模式对星载SAR立体定位精度的影响及校正

基于SAR成像模型和R-D定位模型,分析了电离层对星载SAR立体定位精度的影响,提出了相应的校正方法,并进行了仿真实验。实验表明对于特定波长的SAR信号,不同TEC分布模式组合对SAR立体像对定位精度的影响不同,校正效果也不同:当两幅影像对应的TEC分布均匀且大小相同时,电离层对SAR立体定位精度的影响小到可以忽略;当两幅影像由于拍摄季节不同导致TEC不同时,电离层影响很大,特别是距离向精度,其影响程度与两幅影像对应的TEC差值正相关,此时定向参数精化法校正效果很好;当电离层发生扰动时,电离层影响随着扰动程度的增大而增大,定向参数精化法有一定效果,但当电离层扰动很大时,校正效果明显减弱,还需要通过斜距直接校正法等其他方法予以校正。     

Klobuchar电离层模型精化进展

电离层延迟是卫星导航定位的重要误差源之一。采用合适的电离层延迟模型可以有效地减弱电离层延迟误差对定位结果的影响。目前在导航定位中运用最广泛的是Klobuchar模型,但Klobuchar模型的修正率只有50%~60%。为了满足日益增长的导航定位精度的需求,不同的精化模型被提出。本文介绍了Klobuchar模型在GPS和BDS系统中的应用,比较了在两个系统应用时的差异。回顾概括了文献在Klobuchar模型的参数精化和模型精化两个方面的研究,并对各种精化模型进行了对比总结。模型精化的结果优于参数精化,未来对于Klobuchar模型的精化更趋向于模型精化。     

天绘一号三线阵相机在轨几何参数精化

为了找到适合天绘一号卫星三线阵相机在轨几何精化的模型和算法,首先分析了外方位线元素误差在几何参数精化中的影响,然后通过对定姿数据的预处理,消除了其中含有的高频噪声,并用正弦函数补偿了卫星平台飞行过程中的低频抖动,为三线阵相机每个镜头设计了姿态角常差模型。此外,根据传统的附加参数模型,构建了直接以像素坐标为观测值的内方位元素模型,并使用单侧有控外推的方式,确定最佳的精化模型参数组合及求解策略。试验表明,采用本文的精化方案,利用合理分布的控制点,天绘一号能达到平面精度约1 GSD,高程精度约0.8 GSD。