The 982 Ma Re-Os age of copper-nickel sulfide ores in the Baotan area, Guangxi and its geological significance

Re-Os dating on copper-nickel sulfide ores from the Baotan area, Guangxi, yielded an ore-forming age of 982 ± 21 Ma (2σ), which demonstrates that copper-nickel sulfide deposits and their related mafic-ultramafic rocks occurred in the same period of time with the ophiolites in northeastern Jiangxi. Both of them are the products of collision-convergence between the Cathaysian plate and Yangtze plate and the subsequent extensional environment. Calculation of the γ_Os of the 982 Ma copper-nickel sulfide ores and its correlation with Re/Os indicate that injection-type massive ores display lower γ_Os values (-15.6 to -8.2) and lower Re/Os ratios (0.32 to 0.43), while basal liquation-type ores have γ_Os-27.9 to -7.3 and Re/Os=5.36 to 11.24. This suggests that these copper-nickel sulfide ores and their related mafic-ultramafic rocks were derived from a Re-depleted mantle source and that contamination with some crustal material occurred during their intrusion.     

地球重力场的精细频谱结构及其应用

综述了近年内在全球地球动力学合作观测和研究网络框架下开展的重力场观测、频谱结构和应用研究方面的成果. 内容涉及精密大气、海潮负荷信号检测, 重力潮汐和自由核章动参数测定, 海潮模型和重力固体潮模型有效性检验, 重力潮汐实验模型构制, 地球球型基频和低阶震型谱峰分裂现象和地球Chandler摆动等方面. 文章还介绍了综合现代大地测量技术, 全球超导重力仪的长期、连续观测在地表水循环、同震和震后形变、地球慢形变和地壳垂直运动等方面将发挥重要作用的情况.     

西藏休古嘎布蛇绿岩中辉绿岩锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

应用SHRIMPⅡ锆石U-Pb法,对西藏休古嘎布蛇绿岩中的辉绿岩墙进行了测年,获得辉绿岩形成年龄为122.3±2.4Ma。该年龄代表了休古嘎布-达巴特提斯洋盆的形成时代,与雅鲁藏布江缝合带中段洋盆形成时代(126±1.5Ma)相当,此结果对于确定研究区特提斯洋盆的古构造格局及其发育演化过程等提供了重要的年代学制约。     

普里兹湾陆架表层沉积物粒度特征及其环境指示意义

基于对普里兹湾陆架表层沉积物粒度分析,结合海区动力环境特点,初步探讨了考察区类型、组成及冰海沉积作用特点。研究区表层沉积物大体可分为:砾(G)、泥质砂质砾(ms G)、砾质泥(g M)、砾质泥质砂(gm S)、含砾泥((g)M)、含砾泥质砂((g)m S)、砂(S)、砂质粉砂(s Z)和粉砂(Z)九种类型。依据沉积物粒度特征与地形变化,可将研究区划分为东部含砾泥质区和西部含砾砂质区。在东部含砾泥质区,包括四夫人浅滩、Svenner水道区、普里兹水道区和埃默里海盆区,沉积作用主要受海流影响,冰筏碎屑的影响有限,沉积物总体较细,粘土和细粉砂含量较高,粗粉砂和砂含量较低。在西部含砾砂质区,包括弗拉姆浅滩和埃默里冰架前缘,沉积作用受冰山、埃默里冰架和海流的共同影响,沉积物中粘土含量较低,砂和砾石含量较高,但也有个别站位可能受冰间湖的影响,沉积物粒度偏细。     

STUDY ON DYNAMIC CHANGE OF GRAVITY FIELD IN XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE AND THEIR RELATION TO THE OCCURRENCE OF MS ≥ 5.0 EARTHQUAKES

Xianshuihe Fault, a main strong earthquake activity belt in southwest China, begins from Ganzi in the northwest, passes through Luhuo, Daofu, and Kangding, and then extents along the Dadu River valley. The fault is divided into two parts at Shimian, one part turns to south and converses to Anninghe Fault extending further to south, the other part, continuing to extend to southeast, cutting through Xiaoxiangling and then changing to Daliangshan Faults in the north of the Yuexi Basin, has the length of about 400km. Since 1700AD, there have happened 22 earthquakes larger than magnitude 6.0 and 8 earthquakes larger than magnitude 7.0. In this paper, we systematically collated and computed the gravity repetition measurement data along the Xianshuihe fault zone since 1988, and by referring to the anomaly index of gravity field of the predecessor achievements, analyzed the spatial-temporal variation of the regional gravity field and the relation to the occurrence of ≥ M_S5.0 earthquakes. The mechanism of the regional gravity changes is further studied, and also the implication of strong earthquake risk because of the dynamic variation of gravity field in the near future is discussed.The results show that:1)The mobile gravity observation has the ability to detect crustal activity and M_S ≥ 5.0 earthquake events. 2)There is definite correspondence between interannual gravitational field change and the 8 earthquakes among the 13 M_S ≥ 5.0 earthquakes occurring in the surveying area since 1988, which can be determined according to the change of interannual gravitational field. Three M ≥ 6.0 earthquakes occurred 3~4 years after the abnormal image was developed, 4 earthquakes that occurred in the region of no data available were not determined. 3)A significant feature of the spatial-temporal variation of the regional gravity is a north-south run-through image before 2004, and characterized by the alternatively positive or negative variation in different year, the earthquakes of M_S ≥ 5.0 occurring in this period were not distributed along the fault. Gravity variation magnitude indicates that there were two similar crustal material movement waves before 2004, corresponding to the course of earthquake space-time distribution from strong to weak in the study area. After 2010, the variation image shows that the local positive and negative zones are concurrent within a year, different from the image before 2004, and earthquakes of M_S ≥ 5.0 basically occurred on the fault. It is believed that the variation of gravity field since 1988 and the seismic distribution fit with the geodynamic mode of strong and weak stages of the northeast motion of Indian plate. According to the conclusion we can try to optimize gravity anomaly index. After the Kangding earthquake in 2014, the north segment of Moxi Fault was still subject to negative high value changes till 2017 and then the gravity variation was further developed to a four quadrant distribution image. Based on the analysis of this paper and the previous variation trend of gravity field, we believe that the north segment of Moxi Fault has the background of medium-long term, strong or large earthquake risk.     

中国县域网络购物空间格局及其影响因素

基于阿里巴巴县域网络购物数据,分析中国1915个县域的网购格局,并利用地理探测器探讨其影响因素。结果表明：① 县域网购格局整体上以江浙为核心、从东部沿海向内陆扩散,但存在由东部沿海向华北地区延伸的高值条带及内陆散落状的高值区,低值集聚区主要在西南、东北地区。② 县域网购水平的核心影响因素是网商水平、城镇化水平、居民收入,二级影响因素是教育水平、信息化水平、物流发达程度,其他因素的影响较小。③ 不同地区县域网购水平的主要影响因素存在较大差异。除城镇化和受教育水平是所有县域的主要影响因素外,中部地区县域还受收入水平、信息化的影响,西部地区县域还受物流发达程度、经济水平、零售水平的影响,东部地区县域还受网商水平的影响。     

汤加、日本、伊豆-小笠原与马里亚纳海沟俯冲板块正断层模拟：对俯冲板块弱化的影响

通过对比实际观测与弹塑性变形模型,研究了沿着汤加、日本、伊豆-小笠原、马里亚纳海沟的板块挠曲与正断层特征。观测表明,平均海沟挠曲量在日本海沟最小（3公里）,马里亚纳海沟最大（4.9公里）,而平均正断层垂直断距在日本海沟最小（113米）,汤加海沟最大（284米）。模拟了俯冲板块在三种构造加载的作用下发生弯曲变形并产生正断层的过程：垂向加载（V₀）、弯矩（M₀）和水平拉张力（F₀）。在板块挠曲与正断层特征的双重约束下,反演得到了四个海沟的最佳模型解。结果显示,日本海沟的水平张力分别比马里亚纳、汤加和伊豆-小笠原海沟小33%、50%和60%。汤加、日本、伊豆-小笠原、马里亚纳海沟的正断层最深可达海底以下29,23,32和32公里,这与重新定位后的日本与伊豆-小笠原地震深度一致。此外,反演得到的水平张拉力与观测到的平均垂直断距呈一定正相关性,而计算得到的有效弹性厚度减少量与观测到的海沟挠曲量也相关。这些结果表明,水平张拉力在正断层发展过程中起着关键控制作用,板块弱化可导致板块挠曲量的显著增加。     

礼乐盆地碳酸盐岩时空分布特征及构造意义

对碳酸盐岩(台地与生物礁)的研究具有重要的油气地质意义和科学价值。渐新世以来, 礼乐盆地及周缘开始了大规模的碳酸盐建造, 至今还有一定规模生物礁持续发育。文章通过拖网约束、井震对比和地震相类比方法对礼乐盆地周缘碳酸盐岩的发育特征、构造背景和时空分布规律进行系统研究。结果表明, 礼乐盆地主要发育孤立、前隆、掀斜断块型台地及生物礁。碳酸盐岩时空发育特征为: 1) 渐新世—早中新世以构造前隆和掀斜断块控制的开阔台地为主, 生物礁零星发育; 2) 早中新世—中中新世表现为大量孤立台地和生物礁; 3) 中中新世之后, 发生台地和礁的淹没, 盆地内主要发育点礁。结合构造背景和重磁特征分析表明, 古隆起、掀斜断块、前隆迁移和岩浆活动为控制礼乐盆地不同时期碳酸盐岩发育的主要构造要素。现今礼乐盆地及周缘大量生长的珊瑚礁, 主要发育在上新世—更新世岩浆活动形成的海山之上。     

循环经济的组织尺度与地理尺度及其政策含义

循环经济体系是一个多尺度的等级结构。本文首先论述了循环经济的组织尺度,指出循环经济组织尺度是世界可持续发展历程在当前时间断面上的映射,现实中的“大中小循环”和“3+1”模式是循环经济组织尺度在实践中的应用;接着,明晰了循环经济的地理尺度,指出就物质循环体系或工业共生体系的实现而言存在着一个最优的地理尺度,传统经济向循环经济体系的演进需要重新探讨地理尺度上的资源环境要素;最后指出,良好的循环经济体系的构建不仅需要两大尺度之间的配合,而且还需要跨尺度层面的沟通与协调。     

湿地生态系统的地球化学研究

湿地作为一个特殊的生态系统,在维持生物多样性、调蓄洪水、降解污染物、调节气候等方面发挥着重要作用。总结概括了当前湿地生态系统中有关地球化学研究的现状,包括湿地生态系统中的持久性有机污染物(POPs)和重金属研究及人为影响,生命元素碳、氮、磷的研究及环境意义,湿地系统的稳定同位素研究3个方面。