川西喜马拉雅期碰撞造山带岩浆碳酸岩的地幔源区特征——Pb-Sr-Nd同位素证据

对形成于大陆碰撞带内的川西碳酸岩进行了详细的Pb-Sr-Nd同位素分析.结果表明,川西碳酸岩具有非常负的εNd值（-3.2～-18.7）和高的（^87Sr/^86Sr）i值（0.706020～0.707923）,以及较宽的^207Pb/^204Pb值（15.362～15.679）和^208Pb/^204Pb值（38.083～39.202）的特征,明显不同于世界上由非造山作用形成的碳酸岩.它们的Sr-Nd、Pb-Pb、Sr-Pb和Nd-Pb同位素特征表明大多数碳酸岩来源于EM Ⅰ与EMⅡ之间的一种混合地幔,与元古宙不同质量比的深海/陆源沉积物和下覆的似MORB由俯冲作用引起的洋壳的再循环有关,而少数碳酸岩则受到地壳物质混染的结果.此外,通过动力学背景分析可以得出,富集地幔EM Ⅰ与EMⅡ之间的熔融产生了川西碳酸岩以及同时代的富钾岩浆岩,这种熔融可能是由于印度大陆板片与扬子大陆板片俯冲引起的新生代软流圈物质的上涌产生的,并发生于青藏高原东缘始新世-渐新世分界线的从转换压扭变形向转换张扭变形的转变过渡的构造背景下.     

循环经济的组织尺度与地理尺度及其政策含义

循环经济体系是一个多尺度的等级结构。本文首先论述了循环经济的组织尺度,指出循环经济组织尺度是世界可持续发展历程在当前时间断面上的映射,现实中的“大中小循环”和“3+1”模式是循环经济组织尺度在实践中的应用;接着,明晰了循环经济的地理尺度,指出就物质循环体系或工业共生体系的实现而言存在着一个最优的地理尺度,传统经济向循环经济体系的演进需要重新探讨地理尺度上的资源环境要素;最后指出,良好的循环经济体系的构建不仅需要两大尺度之间的配合,而且还需要跨尺度层面的沟通与协调。     

山西省五台山—恒山地区脉状金矿成矿的地球动力学

０　前　言（代序）该文集命名为“成矿的地球动力学”,表明它只是矿床学中一项较基础性的研究;把脉状金矿作为研究对象,则应属于金矿区域成矿学的范畴。展望２１世纪,资源、环境乃是人类生存与发展之本,因此矿床学所肩负的使命必将更加艰巨。虽然人类利用矿产资源已有数千年的历史,但作为地质科学的重要组成部分—矿床学到１６世纪中叶才萌芽,１９世纪才形成具有较完整理论的学科。如果说矿床学的基本任务是确定这种或那种矿床在地壳中的生成条件和分布规律,矿床的形成又非孤立和偶然的事件,它是一定地质构造背景和地质历史条件下…     

四川盆地晚三叠世动力学特征及与油气运聚的关系

晚三叠世是四川盆地形成演化的起点,其地层是油气勘探的一个重要目标层。通过对四川盆地晚三叠世动力学特征的分析,建立其动力学模型（构造应力（叠加）场模型）,采用有限单元法进行模拟,其结果显示,四川盆地晚三叠世构造应力条件以ＮＷ—ＳＥ方向的挤压占主导。构造动力是油气运聚的驱动力,驱使油气运移的动力来自构造应力场,通过模拟认为,四川盆地晚三叠世构造应力场形成的圈闭为模拟计算的最大应力值２．０～４．０ＭＰａ之间的区域。     

沉积盆地的地球动力学演化分类

阐述了沉积盆地分类的重要意义,论述了盆地所处的应力环境和地壳类型（大地构造背景）是控制盆地形成、演化的重要因素,并以此为基础提出了新的沉积盆地地球动力学演化分类。     

松潘—甘孜造山带中丹巴地区变质岩演化及其地质意义

丹巴地区位于松潘—甘孜造山带中部。区域动热变质作用主要发生于印支晚期—喜马拉雅早期,与深层滑脱-逆冲作用有关。根据特征矿物组合．丹巴地区变质岩可划分出六个变质带：绢云母—绿泥石带、黑云母带、石榴子石带、十字石带、蓝晶石带和夕线石带。石榴子石生长环带代表每段时间矿物晶体边部的平衡,可用于推测石榴子石生长时的P－t轨迹。利用石榴子石—黑云母温度计和石榴子石—斜长石—Al2SiO5-石英压力计得到石榴子石的参考温度、压力,根据环带定量计算得到的变质作用p-t轨迹为顺时外形式,与其所处的构造背景为大陆碰撞造山带是一致的。     

Chemical and Isotopic Characters of the Water and Suspended Particulate Materials in the Yellow River and Their Geological and Environmental Implications

The chemical and isotopic characteristics of the water and suspended particulate materials(SPM)in the Yellow River were investigated on the samples collected from 29 hydrological monitoring stations in the mainstem and several major tributaries during 2004 to 2007.TheδD andδ~(18)O values of the Yellow River water vary in large ranges from-32‰to-91‰and from-3.1‰to-12.5‰,respectively.The characters of H and O isotope variations indicate that the major sources of the Yellow River water are meteoric water and snow melting water,and water cycle in the Yellow River basin is affected strongly by evaporation process and human activity.The average SPM content(9.635g/L)of the Yellow River is the highest among the world large rivers.Compared with the Yangtze River,the Yellow River SPM has much lower clay content and significantly higher contents of clastic silicates and carbonates.In comparison to the upper crust rocks,the Yellow River SPM contains less SiO_2,CaO,K_2O and Na_2O,but more TFe_2O_3,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd.The abnormal high Cd contents found in some sample may be related to local industrial activity.The REE contents and distribution pattern of the Yellow River SPM are very close to the average value of the global shale.The averageδ~(30)Si_(SPM)in the Yellow River(-0.11‰)is slightly higher than the average value(-0.22‰)of the Yangtze River SPM.The major factors controlling theδ~(30)Si_(SPM)of the Yellow River are the soil supply,the isotopic composition of the soil and the climate conditions.The TDS in the Yellow River are the highest among those of world large rivers.Fair correlations are observed among Cl~-,Na~+,K~+,and Mg~(2+)contents of the Yellow River water,indicating the effect of evaporation.The Ca~(2+)and Sr~(2+)concentrations show good correlation to the SO_4~(2-)concentration rather than HCO_3~-concentration,reflecting its origin from evaporates.The NO_3~-contents are affected by farmland fertilization.The Cu,Zn and Cd contents in dissolved load of the Yellow River water are all higher than those of average world large rivers,reflecting the effect of human activity.The dissolved load in the Yellow River water generally shows a REE distribution pattern parallel to those for the Yangtze River and the Xijiang River.Theδ~(30)Si values of the dissolved silicon vary in a range from 0.4‰to 2.9‰,averaging1.34‰.The major processes controlling the D_(Si)andδ~(30)Si_(Diss)of the Yellow River water are the weathering process of silicate rocks,growth of phytolith in plants,evaporation,dissolution of phytolith in soil,growth of fresh water diatom,adsorption and desorption of aqueous monosilicic acid on iron oxide and human activities.The averageδ~(30)Si_(Diss)value of the Yellow River is significantly lower than that of the Nile River,Yangtze River and Siberia rivers,but higher than those of other rivers,reflecting their differences in chemical weathering and biological activity.Theδ~(34)S_(SO4)values of the Yellow River water range from-3.8‰to 14.1‰,averaging 7.97‰.There is some correlation between SO_4~(2-)content andδ~(34)S_(SO4).The factors controlling theδ~(34)S_(SO4)of the Yellow River water are the SO_4 in the meteoric water,the SO_4 from gypsum or anhydrite in evaporite rocks,oxidation and dissolution of sulfides in the mineral deposits,magmatic rocks and sedimentary rocks,the sulfate reduction and precipitation process and the sulfate from fertilizer.The~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios of all samplesrange from 0.71041 to 0.71237,averaging 0.71128.The variations in the~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratio and Sr concentration of river water are primarily caused by mixing of waters of various origins with different~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios and Sr contents resulting from water-rock interaction with different rock types.     

兴凯湖花岗杂岩体的锆石U——Pb 年龄及其地质意义

佳木斯地块东南缘的兴凯湖花岗杂岩体主要由花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩组成,其锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 测年结果显示,杨田寨南山岩体形成于257 ± 2 Ma,双子山岩体形成于215 ～212 Ma; 花岗岩的时空展布表明,两期花岗质岩浆的就位可能分别与古亚洲洋板块的俯冲作用和后造山伸展进程密切相关。结合本区和黑龙江东部其他花岗质岩石的年龄,揭示了佳木斯地块和兴凯地块在早古生代、二叠纪及三叠纪共同经历了三期大规模岩浆活动,暗示两者具有相同的构造属性,共同组成了同一陆块。     

藏北羌塘中西部红脊山地区晚古生代蛇绿岩地球化学特征及构造意义

以变质玄武岩为研究对象,对红脊山蛇绿岩进行了详细的岩石学和地球化学研究。结果表明,玄武岩主量元素含量与典型的N-MORB非常相似,稀土元素总量较低,具有轻稀土元素略亏损的近平坦左倾型配分型式,Eu异常不显著(δEu=1.05~1.16)。微量元素蛛网图总体也与N-MORB相似,表明变质基性岩源于N-MORB型亏损地幔源区。与典型的大洋中脊玄武岩相比,微量元素蛛网图显示出部分大离子亲石元素明显富集和部分高场强元素明显亏损的特征,尤其是Nb的亏损较为明显(Nb=1.67×10-6~2.26×10-6,平均值为1.97×10-6),表明本区玄武岩受俯冲带物质的影响,很可能形成于俯冲带之上的弧后盆地次级扩张的大地构造背景,属SSZ型蛇绿岩范畴,为特提斯大洋岩石圈在俯冲过程中引发弧后盆地次级扩张的产物。本研究为龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带中西段的构造演化研究提供了重要依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘汝箕沟大岭－鼓鼓台玄武岩锆石U-Pb定年及其构造意义

利用显微镜、地球化学、ELA-ICPMS定年等技术, 对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘汝箕沟大岭－鼓鼓台玄武岩及其样品中的锆石进行了内部结构、元素组成分析和原位定年。汝箕沟大岭－鼓鼓台玄武岩为典型的大陆拉斑玄武岩, 所获得的锆石年龄分别为1966±15 Ma、344±22 Ma和241±7 Ma, 其中1966±15 Ma为继承锆石年龄, 344±22 Ma为岩浆第一次分离结晶年龄, 而241±7 Ma代表了玄武质岩浆最后喷出时的锆石结晶年龄。可见, 中晚三叠世盆地西缘北部贺兰山地区处于区域挤压背景下的局部伸展环境, 可能为一小型裂谷盆地。