Multi-stage evolution of a sub-aerial volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr: S. Jorge Island, Azores Triple Junction

New K/Ar dating and geochemical analyses have been carried out on the WNW–ESE elongated oceanic island of S. Jorge to reconstruct the volcanic evolution of a linear ridge developed close to the Azores triple junction. We show that S. Jorge sub-aerial construction encompasses the last 1.3 Myr, a time interval far much longer than previously reported. The early development of the ridge involved a sub-aerial building phase exposed in the southeast end of the island and now constrained between 1.32 ± 0.02 and 1.21 ± 0.02 Ma. Basic lavas from this older stage are alkaline and enriched in incompatible elements, reflecting partial melting of an enriched mantle source. At least three differentiation cycles from alkaline basalts to mugearites are documented within this stage. The successive episodes of magma rising, storage and evolution suggest an intermittent re-opening of the magma feeding system, possibly due to recurrent tensional or trans-tensional tectonic events. Present data show a gap in sub-aerial volcanism before a second main ongoing building phase starting at about 750 ka. Sub-aerial construction of the S. Jorge ridge migrated progressively towards the west, but involved several overlapping volcanic episodes constrained along the main WNW–ESE structural axis of the island. Mafic magmas erupted during the second phase have been also generated by partial melting of an enriched mantle source. Trace element data suggest, however, variable and lower degrees of partial melting of a shallower mantle domain, which is interpreted as an increasing control of lithospheric deformation on the genesis and extraction of primitive melts during the last 750 kyr. The multi-stage development of the S. Jorge volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr has most likely been greatly influenced by regional tectonics, controlled by deformation along the diffuse boundary between the Nubian and the Eurasian plates, and the increasing effect of sea-floor spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.     

新疆东准乌须克劳格岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

新疆东准噶尔琼河坝地区近年来找矿获得重大突破,发现了一系列重要的矿产,这些矿产基本上围绕该地区出露面积最大的乌须克劳格岩体分布。该岩体组成比较复杂,主要岩性为二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。采用LA-ICP-MS技术测得花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄分别为428.9±1.9Ma和427.2±1.7Ma,被解释为岩石的结晶年龄。2类岩石都属于过铝质-钙碱性系列花岗岩,具有较高的铝、钙含量,K_2O/Na_2O值普遍偏低,介于0.15~0.40之间;稀土元素配分曲线呈现右倾特征,稀土元素总量较低,轻稀土元素相对富集,负Eu异常不明显;在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,高场强元素Th、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等相对亏损,大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、U、K、Sr等相对富集,具有高Ba、Sr含量和高(La/Yb)_N、Sr/Y值,显示出高Ba-Sr花岗岩的特征;同时岩体具有高正ε_(Hf)(t)值和年轻的模式年龄。这些地球化学和同位素特征表明,晚志留世乌须克劳格岩体是大陆边缘弧环境下大洋板片熔融的产物。     

黑龙江东部依兰珠山变辉长岩的年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

对黑龙江东部依兰珠山变辉长岩进行了锆石年代学和地球化学研究,以确定其形成时代、成因及构造背景。变辉长岩锆石均呈自形-半自形晶,具典型的条痕状吸收特征和较高的Th/U比值(0.20~0.86),暗示其岩浆成因。LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果为(256±3)Ma,表明珠山变辉长岩形成于晚二叠世。地球化学特征显示变辉长岩具有贫硅,富镁、铁、铝、钙的特征;其轻稀土元素(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba)富集,重稀土元素(HREEs)和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Ti)亏损。结合区域地质资料,认为珠山变辉长岩为俯冲流体交代地幔楔的产物,其形成可能与古大洋板块的俯冲作用有关,暗示佳木斯地块与松嫩地块在晚二叠世之前尚未碰撞拼合。     

湖南宝山矿床花岗岩类硫-铅同位素和流体包裹体研究及其成因意义

宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床是湖南重要的铅锌生产基地。矿床内矽卡岩型铜(钼)矿化受侏罗纪花岗闪长斑岩的控制,而主要的铅锌矿体则产于远离岩体的碳酸盐地层中,且缺乏可靠的矿化年龄限制。为了查明宝山铅锌矿体与花岗闪长斑岩之间的成因关系,文章对宝山花岗岩类中浸染状黄铁矿的硫同位素和钾长石的铅同位素,以及铅锌矿石萤石脉石的流体包裹体进行了测试和研究,并与前人报道的铅锌硫化物矿石的硫、铅同位素进行了对比,尝试为宝山铅锌矿化的物质来源及成因提供依据。研究表明,花岗闪长斑岩中浸染状黄铁矿的δ34S值为+1.5‰~+3.5‰,与铅锌矿石硫化物(方铅矿、闪锌矿及黄铁矿)相一致;同时,花岗岩类中钾长石的铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.4789~18.7668、15.6835~15.7220和38.7903~39.1035,具有壳源的特征,且与铅锌矿石硫化物的铅同位素分布范围相吻合。宝山矿床的硫、铅同位素特征表明,花岗闪长斑岩应是铅锌矿化的主要硫源及金属来源。宝山矿床铅锌矿石萤石中的流体包裹体具有低温(130~150℃)、低盐度(8%)的特征,可能是岩浆热液演化到晚期的产物。结合已有的有关资料加以对比和分析,研究认为,宝山铅锌矿床的成矿物质应来源于花岗闪长岩的岩浆期后热液,在热液演化晚期迁移到远端地层中沉淀,形成了宝山的主要铅锌矿体。     

陕西宁陕—户县地区商丹构造带北侧TTG岩系元素地球化学及其构造意义

陕西宁陕－户县地区商丹构造带北侧发现的花岗质片麻岩为古老侵入体，主要由黑云斜长片麻岩，黑云角闪斜长片麻岩，角闪斜长片磨岩等类型岩石组成，具有TTG岩系的组成特征，元素地球化学特征反映其形成于类似岛弧构造环境。     

Lower crustal melting via magma underplating: Elemental and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic constraints from late Mesozoic intermediate–felsic volcanic rocks in the northeastern North China Block

Ar–Ar dating, major and trace element analyses, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope results of two groups of Lower Cretaceous (erupted at 126 and 119 Ma, respectively) intermediate–felsic lava from the northeastern North China Block (NCB) suggest their derivation from melting of mixtures between the heterogeneous lower crust and underplated basalts. Both groups exhibit high‐K calc‐alkaline to shoshonitic affinities, characterized by light rare earth element (LREE) and large ion lithophile element (LILE) enrichment and variable high field strength element (HFSE, e.g. Nb, Ta and Ti) depletion, and moderately radiogenic Sr and unradiogenic Nd and Pb isotopic compositions. Compared with Group 2, Group 1 rocks have relatively higher K₂O and Al₂O₃/(CaO + K₂O + Na₂O) in molar ratio, higher HFSE concentrations and lower Nb/Ta ratios, and higher Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ratios. Group 1 rocks were derived from a mixture of an enriched mantle‐derived magma and a lower crust that has developed radiogenic Sr and unradiogenic Nd and Pb isotopic compositions, whereas the Group 2 magmas were melts of another mixture between the same mantle‐derived component and another type of lower crust having even lower Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic ratios. Shift in source region from Group 1 to Group 2 coincided with a change in melting conditions: hydrous melting of both the underplated basalt and the lower crust produced the earlier high‐Nb and low‐Nb/Ta melts with little or no residual Ti‐rich phases; while the younger low‐Nb and high‐Nb/Ta magmas were melted under a water‐deficient system, in which Ti‐rich phases were retained in the source. Generation of the two groups of intermediate–felsic volcanic rocks was genetically linked with the contemporaneous magma underplating event as a result of lithospheric thinning in the eastern NCB.     

内蒙古阿拉善北部雅干构造带白山组火山岩年龄、地球化学特征及其对区域构造演化的约束

阿拉善北部雅干地区古生代火山岩发育,研究其形成时代和地质特征,对探讨中亚造山带中段南缘北山弧盆系的演化具有重要的意义。对雅干地区原划奥陶系火山岩进行了同位素年代学与地球化学研究,获得流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为298.4±1.5Ma,时代为早二叠世初期,结合岩石组合特征和区域对比,将其重新厘定为上石炭统—下二叠统白山组。该套火山岩富SiO2、高K2O、低TiO2,属于钙碱性系列; 相对富集Rb、Pb、K等大离子亲石元素,明显亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素; 呈现为轻稀土元素相对富集、重稀土元素相对亏损的的右倾特征,具有较明显的负Eu异常,显示出陆缘弧火山岩的地球化学特征。上述证据表明,雅干地区白山组火山岩形成于古亚洲洋向明水-旱山地块北缘俯冲的陆缘弧构造环境。     

剪胀角对求解边坡稳定的安全系数的影响

分析了目前用有限元方法求解安全系数时所存在的问题,同时,对于岩土边坡采用平面应变条件下基于非关联流动法则的D-P屈服准则,充分考虑岩土的剪胀性对边坡稳定安全系数的影响,修正了对于剪胀性的传统处理方法：过大的考虑材料的剪胀性的特点（ ）和完全不考虑材料的剪胀性的特点（ ）。算例结果分析表明,安全系数随剪胀角的增大而增大,在考虑剪胀性时,采用不同的屈服准则对边坡的安全系数是有很显著的影响的,误差可达30 %左右。     

宜宾市宋家地区土壤元素背景值研究及其意义

作者在表层土壤系统采样调查的基础上,计算出宋家地区土壤元素地球化学背景值,并通过与不同区域土壤元素地球化学背景值、基准值的对比研究,总结了该区土壤元素地球化学基本特征,为该区土壤资源、环境评价和农业经济发展规划提供了实用地球化学信息。     

湘中锑(金)矿床成矿物质来源——Ⅰ.微量元素及其实验地球化学证据

为了查明湘中盆地中-低温梯（金）矿床的成矿物质来源，文章应用高分辨率ICP-MS、ICP-AES等方法对岩石与矿石进行了系统测定，并结合作者以往分析数据和实验地球化学结果，对该区盆地及周边基底地层与矿床中的微量元素分布特征及其水/岩反应效应进行了综合分析和系统研究。结果表明：Sb、Au等成矿元素在元古界基底碎屑岩中具有高的背景含量，在近似成矿条件下的水/岩反应实验中，成矿元素的淋出率达20%～90%，元古界基底碎屑岩中的金（锑、钨）矿床的周围蚀变围岩中出现明显的金负异常区。而盆地内泥盆系统地层中的高锑含量仅局限于锑矿床（化）及其蚀变围岩中；湘中锑（金）矿床中的矿石与基底碎屑岩具有相似的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线特征，以上微量元素地球化学特征充分证明该区锑（金）矿床锑、金等成矿物质主要来源于元古界底碎屑岩。