基于线粒体COI基因序列的4个海域口虾蛄群体的遗传多样性研究

为比较中国不同海域口虾蛄(Oratosqilla oratoria)群体的遗传特性, 作者对采自皮口、绥中、青岛和广州4 个海域的口虾蛄群体的线粒体COI基因序列进行扩增和测序, 比较并分析了其遗传多样性和系统进化关系。获得585bp 的口虾蛄线粒体COI基因序列, 发现变异位点54 个, 占总位点数的9.2%。COI基因序列A+T 含量(64.8%)显著高于G+T 含量(35.2%), 符合节肢动物线粒体DNA 碱基组成的特点。转换与颠换的平均比值是7.84, 碱基替换未达到饱和。100 个样本的线粒体COI基因序列共定义35 个单倍型, 单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.9162, 平均核苷酸多样性(π)为0.0203。4 个群体均具有高的单倍型多样性和低的核苷酸多样性的特点, 说明4 个海域口虾蛄的遗传多样性均处于中等水平, 但广州海域的遗传多样性水平最高。AMOVA 分析表明, 来自于群体间的遗传差异(84.53%)明显高于来自群体内的差异(15.47%)。遗传分化系数(F_st)表明皮口、绥中、青岛3 个海域间几乎没有发生分化(F_st<0), 而广州海域口虾蛄遗传分化较大。从GenBank 上下载了19 条粤东海域口虾蛄的同源序列与本实验获得序列共同构建NJ 系统发育树, 结果显示皮口、绥中、青岛聚为一支, 广州和粤东(深圳和汕尾)聚为另一支。单倍型系统发育树和单倍型进化网络关系图均显示出广州海域口虾蛄群体较大的遗传分化。     

基于COS-2S模型的ADCP海浪方向谱估计

美国RD公司声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)使用的波向估计算法是迭代的最大似然算法(IMLM),IMLM可以准确估计出主浪向,但波向估计结果在主浪向以外其他方向上存在由噪声带来的能量分布,使得估计结果变得不准确。设计了基于COS-2S模型的波向估计方法,模型中只含有主波向,算法在准确估计主波向同时有效去除其他方向上噪声带来的能量分布。将一种混合遗传算法(HGA)代替遗传算法(GA)应用到波浪模型的参数求解中,HGA相对GA收敛更快,可有效找出全局最优解。仿真分析和实测数据表明,HGA和IMLM都能准确估计出波浪的主浪向,但HGA可有效去除主浪向以外其他方向上噪声带来的能量分布,HGA比IMLM更加适用于海洋各种噪声存在条件下的测量环境。     

基于Cyt b 基因序列的中国沿海4个长蛸(Octopus variabilis)群体的种群遗传结构分析

采用线粒体Cytb基因测序技术研究了我国不同海域4个长蛸(Octopus variabilis)群体的种群遗传结构。结果表明,232bp的Cytb基因片段在4个群体90个个体中共检测到38个多态位点、12个单倍型,单倍型多样性指数H达0.854±0.015,核苷酸多样性指数Pi达0.059±0.005,平均核苷酸多样性指数K达13.526,显示出较高的遗传变异。种群遗传结构分析表明,4个群体间均存在极显著的遗传分化(P<0.01),除大连与青岛两群体间外,其它两两群体间的基因流均小于1。聚类分析表明,4个群体明显分化为三大类群,一个类群由大连和青岛群体组成,一个由温州群体组成,另一个由东山群体组成;遗传距离分析表明,东山类群与其它类群之间可能为亚种水平的分化,而其它类群之间仍为种内群体间分化。长蛸这种种群遗传结构形成原因可能与其较弱的种群扩散能力有关,另外冰川期地理历史因素及我国海域的洋流作用可能也参与了长蛸种群遗传结构的形成。     

Chronology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Settings of the Hadamiao Granodiorite on the Northern Margin of the North China Platform

<正>The Hadamiao granodiorite,located on the northern margin of the North China platform and acting as the country rock of gold deposits in the Hadamiao region,was formed in the same age and similar tectonic settings with the Hadamiao gold deposit and the large-scale Bilihe gold deposit in the same area.By using the LA-ICP-MS method,the U-Pb age obtained is 267±1.3 Ma,which represents the crystallized age of the granodiorite,and that of the xenolithic zircon is 442.8±5 Ma. Base on the main elements,it exhibits the features of calc-alkaline to high-potassium calc-alkaline series,low silicon,and quasi-aluminous I-type granites,and with high magnesium(Mg~#=0.45-0.57) and high sodium contents(Na_2O/K_2O=0.98-2.29).The SREE values(81.6-110.15 ppm) are relatively low,the fractionations between LREE and HREE are obvious,showing a right-inclined dispersion in the REE distribution diagram.Compared with the primitive mantle,the rock is relatively rich in LREE(La and Ce),LILE(K,Sr,and Th),and intensively depleted in HFSE(Ti,P,Nb and Ta).The ratios of Sr/Y and(La/Yb)_N and the contents of Rb,Nb and Y are relatively low,the Sr values are high (436.35-567.26 ppm),and the Yb contents of most samples are low(1.25-1.8),which indicate the features of typical continental margin arc and adakitic rocks.According to the values ofε_(Nd)(t)(-2.4 to +0.2) and I_(Sr)(0.7028-0.7083),and variations of the La/Sm ratios,the Hadamiao granodiorite was formed from mixing of the thickened molten lower crust and the mantle wedge substances.The rock was related to the southward subduction and accretion of the Paleo-Asia Ocean in the Late Paleozoic, being Late Paleozoic magma of the continental margin arc formed on the basement of the Early Paleozoic accretion complexes,and showing a trend of turning into adakitic rocks,which indicates their great metallogenic(Au) potential.     

南海北部似海底反射层速度结构全波形反演

似海底反射层的速度异常是识别天然气水合物的重要标志,这里提出了一种针对天然气水合物似海底反射层的全波形反演方法。这种方法分为全局搜索与局部搜索二部份:首先使用遗传算法进行旅行时,反演得到背景速度模型;然后用其作为初始模型,使用共轭梯度算法进行全波形反演。通过对含噪数据的数值试验,算法表现出了较高的稳定性,并确定了进行全波形反演的遗传算子。将这种波形反演方法应用于我国南海北部海域的天然气水合物研究,反演得到了分辨率高于常规速度分析的似海底反射层速度结构,并识别出似海底反射层的速度异常。利用纵波速度反演的结果,计算出沉积物中游离气的含量,认为BSR下方的低速层可以解释为含至少1%游离气的薄层。并分析了研究区内甲烷气的来源,认为该区域游离气兼有生物气和热解气。     

甘肃第四纪沉积物的成因类型及特征

甘肃第四纪沉积物为陆相沉积,依据沉积物搬运介质、气候条件、沉积环境、搬运动力,将成因划分为风化作用系列、坡地重力作用系列、水流作用系列、湖沼作用系列、冰川作用系列、风力作用系列、生物作用系列、人为作用系列、混合作用系列共9大系列,22种成因类型。     

浅谈江油地区岩溶塌陷形成机理及防治措施

四川省江油地区的岩溶分布较广,形成的地下洞穴,常造成地表建筑物塌陷、水库渗漏、交通损毁,对该地区厂矿建筑、水库坝体、交通线路等构成威胁。研究岩溶塌陷形成机理,对于岩溶塌陷的防治具有重要意义。     

埋藏环境白云石结构类型

近年来我国在白云岩储层油气勘探方面取得了重大进展,这些白云岩储层绝大多数为埋藏阶段形成的白云岩,同时大量研究也证实地层中大部分白云岩形成于埋藏环境。国际学术界对埋藏环境白云石的成因结构分类比较细致,但在我国这方面的研究还不够深入,因此本文借助国际上对埋藏环境白云石成因结构的分类方法,并结合中国白云岩研究的实际情况尝试提出埋藏环境白云石结构分类方案。该方案首先以白云石在岩石中的产状分为基质白云石和胶结白云石两大类,再以晶粒大小、晶型、晶面特征、接触关系为分类依据,将埋藏环境白云石分为六种结构类型。     

基于遗传算法优化的小波神经网络在地下水位预测中的应用

地下水位是衡量生态环境优劣和地下水资源的一个重要指标.地下水位下降,将引发地面沉降、地面塌陷和降落漏斗等.因此,地下水位预测对保护地质生态环境和实现地下水资源严格管理至关重要.由于BP算法存在极易收敛于局部极小点与过拟合等缺点,导致网络泛化能力不足,本文在构建小波神经网络基础上并引入遗传算法加以优化,以解决上述不足,并与BP和WNN对比预测了天津市深层承压水水位.预测结果表明,GA-WNN模型拟合精度较高,模型的预测能力有较大幅度提高.     

Genetic variation of the small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) inferred from mitochondrial DNA provides novel insight into the fluctuation of resources

The small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) belongs to the family Sciaenidae, which is an offshore warm fish species and widely distributed in the western Pacific. In this study, the variation of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among L. polyactis populations was analyzed by mitochondrial DNA control region. A total of 110 polymorphic sites were checked, which defined 134 haplotypes. High level of haplotype diversity (h=0.993±0.002) was detected in the examined range. Population genetic structure analyse (analysis of molecular variance, F_st) showed there were high gene flow among L. polyactis populations. The result showed that there were relatively high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation among the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea populations, which can be attributed to diverse habitats, wide distribution range and high mutation rate of control region. Using phylogenetic methods, coalescent analyses (neutrality tests, mismatch distribution analysis, Bayesian skyline analyses) and molecular dating interpreted in conjunction with paleoclimatic and physiographic evidence, we inferred that the genetic make-up of extant populations of L. polyactis was shaped by Pleistocene environmental impacts on the historical demography of this species. Besides, relatively constant genetic diversity and larger effective population size were detected in recent L. polyactis population. The result showed that the fishing policy certainly, such as the summer closed fishing, played a role in protecting resources of L. polyactis. This study can offer a wealth of biological novelties which indicates genetic structure of L. polyactis population and provides the foundation for resources protection and policy setting.