牙鲆GHR基因Promoter区微卫星序列多态性与生长性状关系的初步研究

采用牙鲆GHR基因5'端Promoter区的1个微卫星标记,对胶南和日照2个牙鲆养殖群体进行了群体遗传多样性的研究,并探索该基因多态性位点与牙鲆生长性状之间的相关性.结果表明,2个群体在该座位的等位基因数为12和9个,有效等位基因数为6.26和5.04个,多态信息含量为0.84和0.80.2个群体该座位的Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数均为正值,并没有显示出杂合子缺失,但各基因型分布频率都在一定程度上偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P<0.01).连锁分析中发现,在胶南群体中,IM基因型对应的个体在全重、全长、体长、头长、体高和眼径形态学数据中均是最大的;在日照群体中,BC基因型对应的个体在全重、全长、体高、尾柄高、尾柄长和眼径数据中均是最大的;而CJ基因型对应的个体在体长和头长这两组数据中是最大的.该结果为研究GHR基因的变异对鱼类生长发育的影响及探索将该基因作为生长遗传标记的可行性奠定了实验基础.     

Genetic diversity analysis with ISSR PCR on green algae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella pyrenoidosa

In the present study, genetic polymorphism and diversity in unicellular clones of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck and Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick were studied with Inter Simple Sequence Repeats PCR (ISSR PCR). Samples including four clones of C. vulgaris and three clones of C. pyrenoidosa were purified by single-clone-choice method. For four C. vulgaris unicellular clones, the total number of the bands scored for 18 primers was 298; and the number of the polymorphic bands was 118, of which 39.6% were polymorphic. The size of PCR products ranged from 200 to 2 500 bp. The total number of bands scored for 18 primers, the number of polymorphic bands and the percentage of three C. pyrenoidosa unicellular clones was 194.83 and 30.8%, respectively. POPGENE analysis show that the average Nei genetic diversity (h *) and Shannon index of diversity (I *) in the four C. vulgaris unicellular clones was 0.2181 and 0.3208, respectively, which is slightly higher than those of the three C. pyrenoidosa unicellular clones (0.190 3 and 0.274 8), which agreed with the percentage of polymorphic bands in the mixed samples of the two species. The results suggest that ISSR is a useful method to Chlorella for intra-species genetic analysis.     

�Ľ����Ŵ��㷨���ڹ�ҵ�������ݴ���

??????????????????м???????????????? MATLAB????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????涼?н???????     

Microsatellite Variation in the Oyster Crassostreaplicatula Along the Coast of China

Genetic diversity and differentiation of the oyster Crassostreaplicatula populations from China's coast were studied basedon seven microsatellite loci.All loci showed high polymorphism for all five C.plicatula populations,with an average number of alleleper locus of 19.3-27.9 and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.889-0.952.Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilib-rium and deficits of heterozygotes were observed over most populations at each locus,which were fully explained by null alleles.Microsatellite analysis revealed significant subdivision in the C.plicatula populations.According to the neighbor-joining tree con-structed on the basis of the D,A distance,the five populations fell into three regional groups,showing a relatively homogeneous geneticstructure in geographically close populations.Assignation tests correctly assigned high percentages of individuals to their originalpopulations and groups,and also confirmed the existence of genetic differentiation among C.plicatula populations.The results ob-tained in this study will facilitate the formulation of appropriate fisheries management programs,stock identification and conservationof biodiversity for the species.     

三个牙鲆育种群体亲本效应及遗传参数估计

针对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)养殖品种生长速度变慢、抗病力降低这一问题。近年来构建了牙鲆抗病群体(RS)、日本群体(JS)和黄海群体(YS)3个育种群体,开展牙鲆选择育种,建立了63个家系,收集了所有家系5 328尾鱼苗的体长和体重数据。借助线形混合模型(Linear mixedmodel)、"加性-显性"模型、约束极大似然法(REML)及最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)分别估计亲本效应值、体重和体长遗传力和遗传相关、父母本效应和杂交效应。预测结果显示,其中父本130,141,146,170,218,229,303和308随机效应达到了极显著效应水平(P<0.01),父本112,122,141,190,212达到显著水平(P<0.05),所有母本体重随机效应达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);体长和体重两性状的加性、显性、表型和基因型相关分量都达到极显著水平(P<0.01),体长和体重的加性方差比率均大于显性方差比率,可见两性状的遗传效应主要取决于基因的加性效应。体长的总遗传效应率为31.20%,体重的总遗传效应率为33.58%,体长和体重的随机方差比率分别达到68.80%和66.41%,说明养殖环境等因素对牙鲆体长和体重的影响较大,同时说明在牙鲆选择育种中消除环境影响极为重要。体长和体重的狭义遗传率分别为0.199和0.256(P<0.01),广义遗传率分别为0.312和0.336(P<0.01),牙鲆在以上两性状上属于中等遗传力,通过选择育种可取得较大的遗传进展。对3个牙鲆育种群体杂交随机效应估计结果显示,抗病群体和黄海群体在体长和体重两性状上加性随机效应显著(P<0.05);抗病群体分别与日本群体、黄海群体杂交,其后代表现出显性随机效应达到0.10的水平(P<0.10),黄海群体自交、日本群体和黄海群体杂交随机效应不显著(P>0.05),因此在杂交组配中选择抗病群体与其他两个群体交配可取得较好的效果。     

基于线粒体D-loop区分析黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)五个淡水湖泊群体的遗传多样性

采用线粒体D-loop区测序技术,对巢湖、滆湖、洪泽湖、鄱阳湖和太湖5个地理群体的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)遗传多样性及种群遗传结构进行了研究。结果表明,890个位点中变异位点有151个,简约信息位点24个。143个个体共检测到72个单倍型,平均单倍型多样性指数为0.951±0.011,核苷酸多样性为指数为0.00614±0.00087。鄱阳湖群体和其它4个湖泊群体的遗传距离相对比较大,滆湖和巢湖的遗传距离最小,总体遗传分化指数Fst为0.0896(P<0.01)。群体间基因流系数Nm=2.22,表明5个黄颡鱼种群间存在着一定的基因流动。     

AFLP analysis revealed differences in genetic diversity of four natural populations of Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum) in China

1 IntroductionManila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is aworldwide distributed species. In China, it is foundfrom the northern to southern seashores (Wang etal., 1993; Zhuang, 2001). This species is eura-line with the salinity tolerance ranging from 20 to4…     

基于遗传算法的浮式防波结构物形状最优化设计

采用遗传算法作为优化手段,以透射系数为目标函数,对给定横剖面面积的浮式防波结构物在规则波中的消波性能及剖面形状进行了最优化计算研究,探讨了透射系数最小的剖面形状与波浪周期之间的关系,为浮式防波结构物的设计提供了一定的理论依据     

红树植物木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)种群遗传变异与遗传分化的初步研究

研究了我国红树林分布区内3个木榄种群的遗传变异和遗传分化.在种水平和种群水平上,期望杂合度分别为0.293和0.268,观察杂合度分别为0.2745和0.2705.种群间遗传多样性为0.0830,表明总的遗传变异中有8.3%来自种群间.基因流较为顺畅,为3.34.     

合浦珠母贝两个野生种群的生化遗传变异

用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶垂直平板电泳技术测定了大亚湾和北部湾合浦珠母贝Pinctadamartensi野生种群12种同工酶26个基因座位的遗传变异。结果表明,两个种群的平均杂合度分别为0.1243±0.0377和0.0999±0.0441,与已报道的珠母贝属的其他种很接近。两个种群的杂合子缺失系数分别为-0.278和-0.346;遗传相似度(I)和遗传距离(D)分别为0.9842和0.0159;基因分化系数GST为0.0253,表明2个种群之间有较强的基因流。