《测量平差》教学中矩阵秩的应用

本文以附限制条件平差为例，讨论了矩阵秩在《测量平差》教学中的应用，实践表明，提出的几个幂等矩阵及恒等式有利于平差学习。     

The research of a comprehensive program for earthquake prediction with seismological methods

In this paper, the MYCIN inexact inference method in Expert System is applied to comprehensive earthquake prediction. And it is proposed that the methods of determining various certainty factors, correcting correlation between anomalous evidences and computing comprehensive certainty factor of occurrence of some moderate or strong earthquake. By use of these methods, 18 earthquake cases since 1966 in North China is tested with seismological anomalies in different seismogenic stage, and the comprehensive certainty factors of occurrence of some moderate or strong earthquake are computed. At last some problems in application are discussed. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 328–337, 1991.     

Flood estimation in Mahanadi river system,India using partial duration series

Flood frequency analysis is a pre-requisite for setting up and safeguarding of many hydraulic structures, such as dams, barrages, check-dams, culverts and urban drainage systems. In the flood frequency analysis, partial duration series (PDS) may be considered when dealing with values exceeding certain limits causing floods. In fact, the PDS is capable of getting more information about extreme events than the annual maximum series (AMS). Additionally, an assumption that, the magnitude of the extreme events of a PDS is best described by a generalized Pareto (GP) distribution. The present work investigates the at-site flood frequency analysis to find the average number of peaks (λ) for modelling the PDS on the basis of the PDS/GP assumption and variability in the GP parameters coupled with the quantile estimation with an increase in the value of average number of peaks (λ) each year in the Mahanadi river system, Odisha, India. Also, to verify the PDS/GP assumption we tested seven different frequency distributions (Exponential, Gumbel, logistics, generalized extreme value (GEV), Lognormal (LN), generalized logistics (GL) and Pearson Type 3). Extensive daily discharge data collected from 23 gauging sites were used for the analysis. The results indicate precision and stability of GP distribution parameters for λ?=?4 for almost all the discharge sites. The peak flood estimated for various return periods in the Mahanadi river system using GP distribution is endowed with high correlation statistics for this λ value.     

水岩作用下露天矿坑蚀变岩三轴压缩试验分析

本文研究水位升降对边坡稳定的影响。选取莱州仓上露天矿坑边坡蚀变岩样,对不同饱水-失水循环次数的蚀变岩进行了三轴压缩试验。对SγJH粘聚力与循环次数关系、内摩擦角与循环次数关系做了回归分析,考虑到粘聚力受水岩作用影响较大,构建粘聚力与应变软化参数联系方程,描述峰后粘聚力变化。进一步分析饱水-失水溶液成分,讨论饱水-失水循环对蚀变岩力学性质损伤机理。结果表明,随循环次数增加,SγJH内摩擦角呈指数形式减小,粘聚力呈二次多项式形式降低;峰后粘聚力随轴向应变变化规律可用双曲函数描述。关于蚀变岩受水岩作用影响机理,从水物理角度看,SγJH内部的微缺陷进一步发展,导致其力学性质的改变;从水化学角度,SγJH中由蚀变产生的黄铁矿及碳酸盐成分发生水解或离子交换,力学性质发生变化。水位升降时蚀变岩粘聚力变化明显,对边坡稳定性有较大影响。     

钢筋混凝土核心简的剪切滞变模型

通过对比评价现有可用于剪力墙的剪切滞变模型,并结合现有国内外钢筋混凝土核心筒体试验结果,选取了带捏缩的修正Takeda模型作为核心筒的剪切滞变模型,并给出了模型的细部滞变规则。     

Modelling patterned ground distribution in Finnish Lapland: an integration of topographical, ground and remote sensing information

New data technologies and modelling methods have gained more attention in the field of periglacial geomorphology during the last decade. In this paper we present a new modelling approach that integrates topographical, ground and remote sensing information in predictive geomorphological mapping using generalized additive modelling (GAM) . First, we explored the roles of different environmental variable groups in determining the occurrence of non‐sorted and sorted patterned ground in a fell region of 100 km2 at the resolution of 1 ha in northern Finland. Second, we compared the predictive accuracy of ground‐topography‐ and remote‐sensing‐based models. The results indicate that non‐sorted patterned ground is more common at lower altitudes where the ground moisture and vegetation abundance is relatively high, whereas sorted patterned ground is dominant at higher altitudes with relatively high slope angle and sparse vegetation cover. All modelling results were from good to excellent in model evaluation data using the area under the curve (AUC) values, derived from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots. Generally, models built with remotely sensed data were better than ground‐topography‐based models and combination of all environmental variables improved the predictive ability of the models. This paper confirms the potential utility of remote sensing information for modelling patterned ground distribution in subarctic landscapes.     

基于未确知测度的边坡地震稳定性综合评价

文章提出一种基于未确知测度理论的边坡地震稳定性综合评价方法,建立了各评价指标的未确知测度函数。根据信息墒理论计算各评判因子的权重,用置信度识别准则进行等级判定,得出了评价结果。该评价方法能解决边坡地震稳定性评价中诸多因素不确定性问题,还能对其进行定量分析。对实际工程中的16个典型的地震边坡进行综合评价,并与灰色聚类法、综合指标法、实测震害的结果进行比较。研究结果表明:未确知测度评价法性能良好,正确率高,具有重要的实用价值,为边坡地震稳定性的综合评价提供了一条新途径。     

"震情三分律"和"对称填补"模式与当代数学理论的某些相似性

根据邢台直接前震N-t图(与M-t图完全一致)和5次MS≥6.0地震活动时序相关性,采用“震情三分律”方法可分别得到大震前82 d,59 d的短期预测和30 h的临震预测;与此同时,若条件许可再采用“对称填补”方法又可作出强震到来前的“活动范围”预测区。指出,此二者都与当代数学理论有某些相似的特性。     

基于广义点的定向方法

传统摄影测量是基于测点的前方交会和后方交会,所以共线方程(即物点、像点与摄影中心位于一条直线上)是整个摄影测量的核心。相对定向和绝对定向则基于同名像点共面的思想,而在工业计量测量和飞机姿态测量等领域,大量存在的是一些直线或者曲线,并不存在明确意义的点。因此,提出了基于广义点的相对定向和绝对定向的方法,解决了传统相对定向和绝对定向不能解决的问题,理论上证明该方法是可行的。