Faunal Remains from the Wollaston Forland—Clavering Ø Region,Northeast Greenland—Thule Culture Subsistence in a High Arctic Polynya and Ice-edge Habitat

Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 110(2):175–200, 2010

The GeoArk project conducted interdisciplinary studies between 2003 and 2008 to investigate the Thule culture (c. 1400 AD until c. 1850 AD) in the Wollaston Forland- Clavering Ø region (74°N). Faunal remains of recent excavations and re-analyses of previous excavations of Thule culture seasonal features, winter houses and middens are presented, with an emphasis on the two winter sites of Fladstrand and Dødemandsbugten. The faunal assemblages showed ringed seal (Phoca hispida) to be the key game species, although, with important contingents of narwhal (Monodon monocerosj and caribou (Rangifer tarandus) Thule subsistence was highly dependent on having a well developed procurement system and the sea- and landscape was used differentially during the annual cycle. Hvalros Ø, located at the recurring Sirius Water Polynya, was used as a seasonal aggregation site especially for hunting walrus (Odobenus rosmarusj) throughout the entire Thule culture era. Being a predictable source of meat and blubber, the walrus was of fundamental importance to the Thule Inuit in order to cope with a harsh high arctic environment. The site locations of the study area revealed a continued similar usage of the sea- and landscape for centuries and the analyses documented only minor temporal changes in subsistence patterns.     

SCARING CROWS*

A long‐form essay, arranged in a sequence of eight segments, in which I travel the countryside in search of a missing person: the scarecrow. Different aspects of the centuries‐old practice of scarecrow making and bird scaring are described. Traditionally constructed as a likeness of the human form and erected in newly sown fields as a visual method for warding off feeding birds, the existence of this striking farmland contraption is variously reported: as having all but vanished and yet of making unexpected reappearances; as materially functional and complexly meaningful; as a figure summoned up by cultural memory and personal recollection; and as a focus for mixed feelings of loss, nostalgia, estrangement, and community. A version of “geographical portraiture” accumulates, in which a single, scenic landmark stands as the essay's central fascination and simultaneously operates as a cipher for stories old and new, of agricultural society, country life, landscape politics, and rural values.     

A Review of “Motoring: The Highway Experience in America”

Pauline von Bornsdorff and Arto Haapala, eds. Aesthetics in the Human Environment

James D. Proctor and David M. Smith, eds. Geography and Ethics: Journeys in a Moral Terrain

G. Malcolm Lewis, ed. Cartographic Encounters: Perspectives on Native American Mapmaking and Map Use

Richard Symanski, Blackhearts: Ecology in Outback Australia

Donald W. Meinig, The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History

Peter J. Taylor, Modernities: A Geohistorical Interpretation

Keith Harries, Mapping Crime: Principle and Practice

Leland T. Saito, Race and Politics: Asian Americans, Latinos, and Whites in a Los Angeles Suburb

Frank McDonald, The Construction of Dublin

Lisa M. Benton, The Presidio: From Army Post to National Park

Bob R. O'Brien, Our National Parks and the Search for Sustainability

Eric Damian Kelly and Barbara Becker Community Planning: An Introduction to the Comprehensive Plan

Avinoam Meir As Nomadism Ends: The Israeli Bedouin of the Negev

David Pinder, ed. The New Europe: Economy, Society, and Environment

R. P. Misra and Kamlesh Misra Million Cities of India: Growth Dynamics, Internal Structure, Quality of Life, and Planning Perspectives. Vol 1     

A Review of “The Impossible Land”

The movements of ideas and content between locations and languages are unquestionably crucial concerns to researchers of the information age, and Twitter has emerged as a central, global platform on which hundreds of millions of people share knowledge and information. A variety of research has attempted to harvest locational and linguistic metadata from tweets to understand important questions related to the 300 million tweets that flow through the platform each day. Much of this work is carried out with only limited understandings of how best to work with the spatial and linguistic contexts in which the information was produced, however. Furthermore, standard, well-accepted practices have yet to emerge. As such, this article studies the reliability of key methods used to determine language and location of content in Twitter. It compares three automated language identification packages to Twitter's user interface language setting and to a human coding of languages to identify common sources of disagreement. The article also demonstrates that in many cases user-entered profile locations differ from the physical locations from which users are actually tweeting. As such, these open-ended, user-generated profile locations cannot be used as useful proxies for the physical locations from which information is published to Twitter.     

Gender and Water in Mongolia

Global institutions, academics, and practitioners have long acknowledged the need to consider gender in creating sustainable water management plans. However, for most countries a dearth of context-specific information on gender and water relations hinders gender-sensitive plan development. Mongolia is particularly poorly represented in the gender and water literature. This article presents fieldwork revealing distinctive gendered practices around water use, decision making, and management including an unusually high degree of men's participation in water collection. This research adds new context-specific data to the understanding of actual gender and water relations and underscores the need for further investigation into the Mongolian context.     

Structural Determinants of Occupational Shifts for Males and Females in the U.S. Labor Market

This paper examines the effects of structural transformation on occupational shifts for socio-demographic groups. Although services add more jobs than manufacturing, shifts in manufacturing industries continue to be a source of growth in high-order white and blue collar work for males. However, for females, these industries are significant only in determining pink collar and low-order blue collar work. Similar trends are noted for advanced producer services such as finance, insurance, and real estate. Other nonmanufacturing sectors with relatively stable product markets and strong internal labor market conditions, such as construction and transportation, continue to be significant in creating a range of jobs for males. Although males are faced with reduced opportunities following the loss of manufacturing jobs, male-female differentials prevail in the labor market; males continue to fill high-order jobs in services, and females cluster in low-order occupations and in sectors with volatile product markets.     

广东流沙湾网箱养鱼区水体氮磷的时空变化及负荷估算

研究流沙湾网箱养鱼区水体氮、磷含量的月变化和水平分布,并运用质量平衡方程估算其氮、磷负荷。结果表明:总氮变化在0.212~0.892 mg/L之间,平均0.498 mg/L;总磷变化在0.009~0.036 mg/L之间,平均0.020mg/L;氮磷比变化在23.6~26.1之间,平均为25。在5-9月,氮、磷含量变化呈逐渐增加趋势,到9月达到最大,10月又减少。网箱内部氮、磷的含量高于网箱外部,并随着与网箱距离的增大而逐渐减小。红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)、紫红笛鲷(Trachinotus ovatus)和卵形鲳鲹(Lutjanus erythopterus)全鱼的氮质量分数平均为2.42%,磷质量分数平均为0.26%,饵料系数为6.67,流沙湾网箱养鱼养殖期产生的氮、磷负荷平均分别为135.8和19.4 kg/t。     

Reliving off The Swamp: A Cajun Tourism Commodity

The development of ethnic tourism involves a process of community‐ and individual‐level objectification and commodification. To be attractive to outsiders, planners and tourism professionals often present local lifeways as unique and local while and contrasting them to an external globalized world. Using a political economic approach, this paper shows that this process of self‐commodification may give tourism professionals some control over how ethnic cultures are is presented, but does so within the parameters of state oversight and consumers’ desires. A case study of Louisiana Cajun tourism reveals how a specific narrative of swamp subsistence is deployed by individual tour guides and through the tourism planning process. This “heritage ecology” is used to romanticize a Cajun cultural ecology as “living off of the swamp” despite the fact that swamp commodities have almost always been produced for external markets. Similar to past commodities, swamp tourism still involves the production of Cajun‐swamp culture for outside consumers. This type of tourism paradoxically presents the image of a physically and socially disconnected ethnic group by fostering connections with outsiders while in the swamp.     

全球化背景下城市的文化景观设计浅议--以兰州市为例

文化全球化产生了全球化的文化景观,城市作为这种全球化文化景观的主要体现者,应该在保持其民族地域文化的同时,大力吸取、再加工各种外来文化,向外辐射新文化。景观生态学原理具有关于运动和流动等景观格局关系的一般性意义,适用于包括城市文化在内的各种景观。文化再生功能体是城市文化景观设计的核心部分,应该具有为本民族的特色文化提供核心生境,同时为外来文化和新文化提供边缘生境的功能。以兰州市为例对文化景观特别是文化再生功能体的设计作了示意性说明。