Natural gas generation model and its response in accumulated fluids in the Yinggehai basin

The generation of natural gases is much more complicated in comparison with liquid petro-leum in that natural gases could be generated from both humic and sapropelic organic matter at different stages and that natural gases could be organic and inorganic …     

工业部门污染物治理协同控制温室气体效应评价——基于重庆市的实证分析

以高能耗为主要特征的工业部门是大气污染物和温室气体的重要排放源.为推动协同管控,文中结合生态环境部在重庆市组织开展的试点工作,对工业企业NOx污染治理协同控制温室气体的效应进行了量化分析.结果表明,以末端治理为手段的NOx治理措施协同控制温室气体的效果为负,即工业企业去除1 t NOx会直接或间接增加CO2排放1.81...     

基于循环注蒸气和烟气激励的海上稠油开采技术

通过实验和油藏数值模拟,研究循环注蒸气和烟气激励的加热降黏、气体溶解降黏、气体扩大加热腔与减少热损失、蒸气与气体协同增产效应等开采机理,优化注入蒸气和烟气温度、烟气蒸气体积比、周期蒸气和气体注入量等参数,建议注入蒸气与烟气的温度高于300℃,在大气压下烟气蒸气体积比为0.4～0.6.在渤海稠油油田开展4口井循环注蒸气和烟气激励开采的现场试验.结果表明,循环注蒸气和烟气激励开采后稠油井平均日产油量达到冷采的3倍以上,最高日产油量超过100m3,周期产油量达到1.0×104 m3左右.基于循环注蒸气和烟气激励的海上开采稠油技术可以提高海上稠油开采速度和采收率,有潜力成为未来海上稠油油田的主要热采开发方式.     

Hydrocarbon- Generating Model of the Area Covered With Volcanic Rock

The distribution of Oil & gas fields shows their close relationship with the most active tectonic regions. This is not a coincidence but having a scientific reasons. The crustal active regions, refer to the places where the active natural earthquake, volcanic activities, underground water happened, and the areas of the leaking off of natural gas to the surface of the crust. The magma of volcanic activities brings the organic "kitchen range body" hydrocarbon- generating model and inorganic genetic hydrocarbon to the regions covered by volcanic rock. Underground water brings a catalytic hydrocarbongenerating model for organic matter, and the leaking- off of H2 and CO2 contributes a synthetic hydrocarbon - generating model. Volcanic activities bring the assemblage of Source, Reservoir and Seal formed by the sediments and magma the sedimentary basins, and the hydrocarbon - generating system with a "water - volcano" binary structure is formed. All these conditions are favorable and excellent for the formation of oil & gas fields. The distribution of American oil & gas fields have very close relationship with the mines of Fe, Mn, Ct, Mo, W and V, deposits of Zn, Cu, V, Pb, Al and Hg, and the deposits of fluorite, sulfur, potassium salt, phosphate and halite, and the distribution of sulfate- chloride of river water. The reason why few oil & gas fields discovered in the regions covered by volcanic rock in western America maybe because of the view of "inconsistency between petroleum and volcano". Further more, It's very difficult to carry out a geophysical exploration in such kinds of regions.This paper examined a few hydrocarbon-generating models (systems) mentioned above and came up with some fresh ideas on the exploration in the areas covered with volcanic rocks.     

鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气系统演化

低煤阶煤层气作为一种非常规天然气资源,具有良好的勘探开发前景。我国低煤阶煤层气资源丰富,进行低煤阶煤层气系统演化分析,对其富集成藏及开发具有重要的理论意义。鄂尔多斯盆地煤层甲烷的碳同位素δ¹³C₁为–33.1‰~–80.0‰,氢同位素δ_CH4为–235‰~–268‰。该盆地侏罗系煤层气藏主要有次生生物气与热成因气构成的混合型煤层气藏和热成因气藏两种类型。据构造热事件、煤层气组分及成因,结合不同阶段的煤层埋深、变质程度和生气特征等,将鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气系统演化划分为4个阶段：煤系浅埋–原生生物气阶段﹑煤系深埋–热成因气阶段﹑煤系抬升–吸附气逃逸散失阶段﹑煤系局部沉降–次生生物气补充阶段。其中,煤系深埋–热成因气阶段和局部沉降–次生生物气阶段是低煤阶煤层气资源的主要形成阶段。次生生物气的补充是鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气成功开发的重要气源。鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系煤层气藏应属于单斜式富气成藏模式。     

塔里木盆地迪那2大型凝析气田的地质特征及其成藏机制

塔里木盆地库车坳陷迪那2凝析气田是中国目前发现的储量规模最大的凝析气田,含气层位为古近系苏维依组与库姆格列木群;储集岩以粉砂岩、细砂岩为主,属于低孔低渗储层,近似于致密砂岩气.气藏储量丰度大于15亿方/km2,气油比为8100～12948m3/m3,凝析油含量60～80g/m3;储层温度129 ～ 138℃,地温梯度为2.224℃/1OOm;地层压力为105 ～106MPa,压力梯度为0.39MPa/1OOm,压力系数为2.06～2.29,属于常温超高压凝析气藏.天然气以湿气为主,碳同位素较重,属于典型的煤成气;原油碳同位素较重,生物标志化合物体显出陆相油特征.研究认为,油气主要来自阳霞凹陷侏罗系煤系烃源岩;圈闭形成时间较晚,根据热史、埋藏史、烃源岩热演化史、流体包裹体等资料以及天然气碳同位素动力学拟合的油气充注成藏时间都表明,迪那2凝析气田的成藏时间是在2.5Ma以来,是一个典型的晚期快速充注成藏的大型凝析气田.晚期前陆逆冲挤压作用在形成超压的同时,发生了储层的致密化和烃类的充注,储层致密化过程与烃类充注同步.     

程序升温-气相色谱-同位素比值质谱法分析多环芳烃单体碳同位素组成

环境样品中PAHs的单体碳同位素比值在迁移转化过程中能基本保持稳定,是重要的溯源指标,可通过气相色谱-同位素比值质谱(GC-IRMS)分析获得。对于低PAHs含量的样品,满足GC-IRMS检出限是高精度、准确分析单体碳同位素比值的前提。本文优化了一种程序升温汽化进样(PTV)方法,通过对PTV进样模式及进样口参数进行优化调整,提高目标物谱峰强度,进而提高GC-IRMS碳同位素分析的灵敏度。实验对比研究了恒温不分流、PTV不分流和溶剂分流进样模式,并对PTV进样口参数包括进样口压力梯度、传输温度和时间、蒸发温度和时间、进样口不分流时间进行了对比优化,以选出最优的PAHs单体碳同位素分析条件。结果表明：在PTV不分流进样、进样口压力40psi—60psi—70psi梯度升高、传输温度320℃、传输时间1.0min、蒸发温度55℃、蒸发时间2.5min、不分流时间1.5min条件下,PAHs的单体碳同位素结果最优。增加预柱可以提高峰强,尤其5环PAHs的峰强度提高达50%~100%。单体碳同位素分析精度(1σ)在0.5‰以内,系统性碳同位素分馏可以采用双标法校正。优化后的PTV-GC-IRMS方法可以实现低含量PAHs单体碳同位素的高精度、准确分析,扩大了同位素溯源在环境研究中的适用性。     

Mineral characteristics and their geological significance of black shales in southeastern Ordos Basin by X-ray diffraction analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis of black shale of Upper Triassic Member Chang 7 of the Yanchang Formation in southeastern Ordos Basin showed that black shales were deposited in brackish, strongly reducing, semi-deep-deep lacustrine facies, and mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, carbonate （dolomite）, clay minerals （illite and il- lite/smectite） and a certain amount of pyrite. The mineral composition characteristics of this set of black shales are similar to those of highly productive shale gas in North America, for example shallow burial, low clay mineral and abundant brittle mineral, so the strata are conducive to the development of cracks and fractures. Thus, this area is favorable for shale oil/gas exploration and development.     

潮页1井钻探施工技术

潮页1井是在潮水盆地布置的第一口页岩气资源调查井,取心质量要求较高,地层有大段泥页岩层段,易水化剥落,施工难度大。本文着重介绍了潮页1井取心工艺、钻头选型、冲洗液技术及井斜控制技术等相关的施工经验。潮页1井采用大口径绳索取心技术,第四系地层以深全井取心,该技术在甘肃地区鲜有可供参考的施工案例,而该井岩心采取率接近90%。钻进过程中通过选用合理的钻进参数和护壁性能较强的冲洗液体系,解决了施工中遇到的地层“打滑”、井壁稳定性差等技术难点,保障了潮页1井的顺利完工。     

油气化探中甲烷碳同位素应用、存在问题与对策研究

阐述了在地表油气化探实践当中甲烷碳同位素对地表土壤烃气成因判别的有效性，但有时也会遇到判断错误的情况。通过对应用实例的分析，指出因忽略了土壤中异常甲烷是一种混合成因甲烷，从而导致判断失误。为全面解决这一问题，提出了同时选送数量相当的背景土壤样品和异常样品进行甲烷同位素测定，然后通过教学方法计算出真实反映来源于油气藏中的甲烷的碳同位素值的对策方案。