金属矿气体地球化学测量技术新进展

气体地球化学测量方法由于气体的强穿透性,可将大量的与深部矿化作用有关的物质携带到地表,可直接或间接指示各种地质成矿过程,而受到勘查地球化学的重视。经历数十年的发展之后,气体地球化学测量在测量指标、方法及影响因素研究方面都取得了长足进展。特别是近年来由于分析技术提高,使得很多超微含量的气体测定成为可能,一些新的气体测量方法相继提出,在寻找隐伏矿或盲矿方面获得了较好的效果。笔者对气体测量发展史、气体测量方法、指标及影响因素进行了简单总结,并重点介绍了一种新的气体测量技术（SDP）的测量原理、使用方法及应用实例。     

Low-mature gases and their resource potentiality

In the 80’s of last century, based on the advances in natural gas exploration practice, the concepts of bio-thermocatalytic transitional-zone gas and early thermogenetic gas were proposed, and the lower limit Ro values for the formation and accumulation of thermogenetic natural gases of industrial importance have been extended to 0.3%–0.4%. In accordance with the two-stage model established on the basis of carbon isotope fractionation involved in the formation of coal-type natural gases, the upper limit Ro ...     

On the scavenging of SO2 by cloud and raindrops: II. An experimental study of SO2 absorption and desorption for water drops in air

For the purpose of testing our previously described theory of SO₂ scavenging a laboratory investigation was carried out in the UCLA 33 m long rainshaft. Drops with radii between 250 and 2500 m were allowed to come to terminal velocity, after which they passed through a chamber of variable length filled with various SO₂ concentrations in air. After falling through a gas separating chamber consisting of a fluorocarbon gas the drops were collected and analyzed for their total S content in order to determine the rate of SO ₂ absorption.The SO₂ concentration in air studied ranged between 1 and 60% (v). Such relatively large concentrations were necessary due to the short times the drops were exposed to SO₂ in the present setup. The present experimental results were therefore not used to simulate atmospheric conditions but rather to test our previously derived theory which is applicable to any laboratory or atmospheric condition. Comparison of our studies with the results from our theory applied to our laboratory conditions led to predicted values for the S concentration in the drops which agreed well with those observed if the drops had radii smaller than 500 m. In order to obtain agreement between predicted and observed S concentrations in larger drops, an empirically derived eddy diffusivity for SO₂ in water had to be included in the theory to take into account the effect of turbulent mixing inside such large drops.In a subsequent set of experiments, drops initially saturated with S (IV) were allowed to fall through S-free air to determine the rate of SO ₂ desorption. The results of these studies also agreed well with the results of our theoretical model, thus justifying the reversibility assumption made in our theoretical models.In a final set of experiments, the effects of oxidation on SO₂ absorption was studied by means of drops containing various amounts of H₂O₂. For comparable exposure times to SO₂, the S concentration in drops with H₂O₂ was found to be up to 10 times higher than the concentration in drops in which no oxidation occurred.     

中国油气页岩分布与存储潜能和前景分析

基于当今化石油气能源的需求还在扩展,它的紧缺势态波及全球,而我国的确需要更多的页岩油气.为此,非常规油气能源,特别是页岩油气的勘探、开发和利用就必然地提到社会进步和经济发展的议程上,并得到世界各个国家的高度重视.因此,页岩油气现已成为我国能源界和科技界及政府部门的热门话题.在经过了一段时间的"热炒"和依据尚不充分的评估后,本文通过对中外有关资料的分析和讨论认为:1)必须在了解世界各国、特别是北美页岩油气赋存与开发的条件下,认识我国页岩的分布状态和页岩油气潜能;2)在理解其它国家页岩属性、页岩油气的前景和勘查及储存背景下,在我国较全面的进行页岩和页岩油气存储的勘探和对其进行要素匹配,并选择远景好的典型地区进行示范研究与探索;3)集理念与实践综合研究制定页岩油气在我国的发展方案和路线图.     

页岩气藏评价中的岩石物理方法

岩石物理在页岩气勘探开发中非常重要,而文献中至今缺少足够的重视.本文分别从页岩气藏的地质特征、评价参数、岩心分析工作流程及测井工作流程等4个方面探讨页岩气储层的固有特征及岩石物理所起的关键作用.从生烃潜力、储存性能、流动特性和力学性质讨论相关评价参数的岩石物理方法,重点讨论吸附气含量的计算、力学性质及基质渗透率的测量.在页岩气储层测井评价方面,重点探讨有机质含量的测井评价方法、页岩气层孔隙度的评价方法、随钻测井用于水平井的地质导向、及测井评价在制定压裂方案中的应用.     

岷县漳县6.6级地震后申都乡地窖宏观异常现象及其机理探讨

2013年7月22日甘肃岷县漳县M_s6.6地震后岷县申都乡某地窖出现冒白色烟雾的宏观异常现象。本文通过土壤气Rn、Hg现场检测和采样后气相色谱检测、生物显微镜观察结果,探讨了气体来源、赋存和运移机理以及异常形成的物理化学机制。认为该点具有灵敏的断层活动响应,可作为今后开展断层活动及未来甘东南地震趋势预测判定的断层土壤气监测点进行长期监测。     

海洋沉积物微量元素地球化学特征对天然气水合物勘探的指示意义

天然气水合物与资源和全球环境变化等重大科学问题密切相关.前期关于甲烷渗漏区地球化学特征的研究主要集中于浅表层沉积物(<20 m),而浅层沉积物(>20 m)地球化学特征知之甚少.为探讨海洋浅层沉积物微量元素特征与天然气水合物勘探的相关关系,对南海神狐海域沉积物进行了4个站位的钻探取样,分析了样品主、微量元素和有机碳地球...     

The influence of political ideology on greenhouse gas emissions

This research tests the casual link from political ideology to national greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing multinational panel data covering 98 countries during the period 1990–2016. Overall, the baseline results and robustness tests show a political divide on national greenhouse gas emissions, whereby compared to right-wing governments, left-wing governments are more likely to exhibit less carbon dioxide emissions. We further explore this topic from the perspectives of energy efficiency and education. Three-stage OLS regressions suggest that leftist parties increase energy efficiency and spend more on secondary education, which lead to less greenhouse gas emissions. We also introduce the interaction between political ideology and economic performance as well as globalization to test the moderating effects of economic performance and globalization. The study further looks into the interaction effects of political ideology and democracies on greenhouse gas emissions by dividing the whole sample into two sub-samples. The results indicate that the ideology effect on greenhouse gas emissions varies among countries with different economic performances or different degrees of political globalization, as well as between democracies and non-democracies.     

陕北延安地区基底断裂及其油气地质意义

以重磁力资料为基础,结合钻井及地质地震资料,推测出研究区有8条基底断裂。已有油田大都沿基底断裂走向分布在断裂两侧,勘探井的试气产量高低与基底断裂分布关系密切,基底断裂的"隐性"活动导致沉积盖层中发育构造裂缝且以垂直裂缝为主,裂缝不仅能作为油气运移的通道,而且能提高储层的孔隙度和渗透率,对研究区内油气分布及储层产能起关键作用。