西气东输三线输气管道工程线路区域地震地质环境与地质灾害

我国国民经济发展迅速, 国内中南和沿海地区能源需求持续递增。中亚地区有丰富的天然气资源, 需要新建管道输送新增气量, 国家适时启动了西气东输三线工程。西气东输三线工程管道线路自西北向东南斜贯我国西部、中部和东南, 干线总长度达5220km, 沿线各类地貌发育, 线路区域地震地质环境复杂, 地质灾害类型多样, 做好该项目的前期研究论证, 查明沿线地震地质构造与活动断裂和各类地质灾害, 对确保西三线管道工程的设计、施工与安全运营十分重要。     

青海木里三露天天然气水合物钻孔岩性测井识别

三露天井田具有断层发育、地层缺失和重复明显、岩性种类较多等特点,岩性识别难度较大。为此,专门利用测井资料对三露天井田地层岩性进行了岩性识别研究。通过对14个天然气水合物钻孔不同岩性的测井响应特征分析,优选了自然伽马、中子和密度测井作为岩性识别敏感参数,并采用交会图技术制作了岩性识别图版,建立岩性划分标准,对三露天井田地层岩性进行识别与划分。利用测井资料能够识别7种主要岩性,包括砂岩、粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥岩、油页岩和煤等。根据岩性测井识别结果,三露天井田岩性分布特征在横向上表现为东部砂岩物性好,西部地区泥岩较为发育;纵向上表现为木里组地层砂泥比为4.48,含有煤层204.5 m;江仓组地层砂泥比为0.84,泥岩和油页岩较为发育,更有利于水合物赋存。测井岩性识别结果为寻找三露天井田天然气水合物有利储层奠定了基础。     

青海木里地区天然气水合物三维地震探测

首次在中国祁连山冻土区青海木里地区实施了针对天然气水合物的三维地震探测。根据工区内冻土层厚度、地层岩性、水合物储集空间类型和赋存深度等特 点,设计了三维地震数据采集方案,制定了地震数据处理流程,获得了良好的三维地震探测结果。结果表明,工区内天然气水合物赋存层段地震响应特征与国外冻土区的天然气水合物具有明 显差异;冻土层厚度、岩性、水合物储集空间类型等因素,对该区地震资料振幅、频率、速度等影响显著;水合物层段的地震资料存在低频、中等杂乱振幅等明显的特点,这些特征为该区天然气水合物探测和识别提供了依据。     

致密砂岩气藏可动流体赋存特征的微观地质因素: 以苏里格气田东部盒8段储层为例

以苏里格气田东部盒8段典型的致密砂岩气藏为例,运用核磁共振、恒速压汞、铸体薄片、物性、X-衍射等实验资料,探讨了影响可动流体赋存差异的微观地质 因素。结果表明,盒8段储层可动流体饱和度低,T₂谱分布均为左高峰右低峰的双峰态;黏土矿物的充填与孔隙类型是孔隙结构复杂的重要因素,孔隙结构是影响可动流体赋存特征的关键;面孔率、喉道 半径、孔喉半径比是影响可动流体饱和度的主要因素,有效孔隙体积、分选系数对可动流体饱和度影响明显,储层物性、黏土矿物、有效喉道体积、孔隙半径对可动流体饱和度影响较弱。     

Private agri-food governance and greenhouse gas abatement: Constructing a corporate carbon economy

Private sector actors are playing an increasingly significant role in the definition and governance of ‘sustainable’ agri-food practices. Yet, to date little attention has been paid by social scientists to how greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are addressed as part of private agri-food governance arrangements. This paper examines how private actors within agri-food supply chains respond to emerging pressure for measures to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture. Drawing upon the Anglo-Foucauldian governmentality literature, we introduce the notion of the corporate carbon economy to conceptualise the practical techniques that enable private agri-food actors to make GHG emissions thinkable and governable in the context of existing market, regulatory, and supply chain pressures. Using a case study of the Australian dairy industry, we argue that private agri-food actors utilise a range of techniques that enable them to respond to existing government environmental regulations, balance current market pressures with future supply chain requirements, and demonstrate improved eco-efficiency along food supply chains. These techniques – which include environmental self-assessment instruments, tools for measuring GHG emissions, and sustainability reporting – have little direct relevance to the ‘international climate regime’ of carbon trading, and carbon markets more broadly, yet individually and in combination they are crucial in enacting an alternative regime of GHG governance. In concluding, we contend that the growing use of sustainability metrics by international food companies is likely to have the most powerful implications for GHG governance in the agri-food sector, with potentially far-reaching consequences for how future action on climate change is rendered thinkable and practicable.     

Determination of part-per-trillion levels of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Stable isotopic dilution was applied to the determination of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in ambient air at the low part-per-trillion by volume (pptrv) levels. Perdeuterated DMS was used as an internal standard in the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry determination. The isotopically labelled internal standard provided insensitivity to possible losses of DMS in sampling and analysis. The lower limit of detection (LLD) was 1 pptrv with a sample acquisition time of 2 min.     

The influence of political ideology on greenhouse gas emissions

This research tests the casual link from political ideology to national greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing multinational panel data covering 98 countries during the period 1990–2016. Overall, the baseline results and robustness tests show a political divide on national greenhouse gas emissions, whereby compared to right-wing governments, left-wing governments are more likely to exhibit less carbon dioxide emissions. We further explore this topic from the perspectives of energy efficiency and education. Three-stage OLS regressions suggest that leftist parties increase energy efficiency and spend more on secondary education, which lead to less greenhouse gas emissions. We also introduce the interaction between political ideology and economic performance as well as globalization to test the moderating effects of economic performance and globalization. The study further looks into the interaction effects of political ideology and democracies on greenhouse gas emissions by dividing the whole sample into two sub-samples. The results indicate that the ideology effect on greenhouse gas emissions varies among countries with different economic performances or different degrees of political globalization, as well as between democracies and non-democracies.     

稀土催化材料在工业废气、人居环境净化中的研究与应用综述

阐述了稀土催化材料在工业废气、人居环境净化方面的研究与应用现状,并对稀土催化材料的发展进行了展望,认为将稀土催化材料用于工业有机废气污染治理和人居环境净化,是推动稀土催化应用的动力之一。等离子体辅助的催化技术,可以显著改善低温活性。作为长期去除污染物的有效措施,光催化技术应大力开发。开发联合脱硫脱氮的新方法、新理论、新技术及新设备,将成为烟气净化技术发展的总趋势。作为一种新型催化材料应用,掺杂稀土的ABO3钙钛矿复合氧化物以及TiO2为基础的复合氧化物,在环境净化方面的发展方向是努力降低成本,提高光催化剂活性,尽量多利用太阳光,扩大降解范围。     

人类活动影响下淡水沼泽湿地温室气体排放变化

利用静态箱/气相色谱法,研究了三江平原淡水沼泽湿地及垦殖农业利用下CO₂、CH₄、N₂O排放变化。不同类型湿地生长季土壤呼吸速率以季节性积水的小叶章草甸最大,湿地垦殖后土壤呼吸速率明显增大。不同类型沼泽湿地CH₄排放在时空两个方面都有明显的变化,与土壤水分条件、植物群落类型和生长状况有密切关系。沼泽湿地及垦殖后农田土壤在植物生长季都为N₂O的源,常年积水沼泽湿地在植物生长季N₂O排放通量值较小,而土壤水分常年处于非饱和的草甸灌丛土壤N₂O排放相对较高,垦殖后农田土壤N₂O排放通量最大,沼泽湿地土壤N₂O排放通量与土壤温度呈正相关关系,而垦殖后农田土壤不显著。