WR－Ⅱ型海洋静力触探（SCPT）数据处理系统中的岩土力学分层模型

简述了ＷＲ－ＩＩ型海洋静力触探仪中岩土力学分层模型的建立原则，在计算机上采用曲线Ｐｓ－ｈ或ｑｃ－ｈ，ｆｓ－ｈ，Ｒｆ－ｈ与分层模型同步运行并显示的技术，实现了岩土力学分层由定性分析向定量分析的过渡，从而可大大推进勘察技术的发展。     

The effects of foundation width on model tests for the bearing capacity of sand with geogrid reinforcement

Summary Laboratory model test results for the ultimate bearing capacity of surface strip foundations on geogrid-reinforced sand and unreinforced sand are presented. A fine uniform sand and one type of geogrid (Tensar BX1000(SSO)) were used for the tests. The width of the foundation and the relative density of sand were varied to determine their effects on the bearing capacity ratio. It was found that the bearing capacity ratio of the sand-geogrid system decreased with an increase in foundation width. However, above a certain foundation width (130–140 mm) a practically constant value of bearing capacity ratio was observed.     

准噶尔盆地油气地质条件、有利区带及勘探方向研究

依据重磁力和地壳厚度等资料，论述了准噶尔古陆片的存在及其边界，并认为其上有古生代的陆表海沉积。依据山前凹陷的存在及沉积特征，认为盆地形成于中石炭—早二叠世，并讨论了盆地的初始边界，把盆地形成后的构造演化阶段划分为４个：坳陷和隆起的发育具有继承性特征；构造的样式和性质，边缘以推覆构造为主，中部以披覆构造为主；拟定了构造分区原则，对盆地进行了构造分区。生油层主要是上二叠统，其次是下二叠统、上三叠统和下中侏罗统。结合热演化史，建立了油源丰度指数指标，坳陷特别是南缘多期叠合的深坳陷，是油源丰度最高区。储集层是多套的，上二叠统一侏罗系是最主要的复式含油组合。结合构造发展，分析了油气运移方向，指出了最有利的含油气区带有４个：克乌断阶带—玛湖背斜区，中拐凸起—红车断阶带，白家海凸起，莫索湾背斜带—石南凸起。在勘探方向上，仍应加强区域勘探，立足大坳陷寻找大油田，选区首先考虑油气聚集条件，其次才是目的层深度和钻探条件等。     

水位仪及水井含水层的频率特性与其参数间的定量关系

总结了浮标水位仪的频率特性、水井含水层系统的频率特性，及联合考虑以上两者后的频率特性，从而找出水震波的振幅与水位仪及水井含水层各参数之间的定量关系──系统响应的放大系数。     

静压桩在厦门新市区的应用

本文介绍在厦门新市区新近海相沉积土层上,进行静压沉桩的现场试验资料、分析了静压沉桩的力学机理,试验成果的应用及与其他相应桩型的经济比较。认为,在工程地质情况相类似的多、中高层民用建筑中采用,工程质量可靠,并可获得较好的经济效益。     

沉积环境对煤系岩石强度的影响

分析了平顶山矿区煤系中形成于不同沉积环境的64组岩石样品的沉积特征和强度,结果表明,岩体的强度与沉积环境有着密切的成因联系。岩体强度的变化主要受控于岩性、沉积环境中能量的高低、水动力条件的变化幅度和生物发育程度4项因素。     

Unravelling the spirals: a serial thin-section study and three-dimensional computer-aided reconstruction of spiral-shaped inclusion trails in garnet porphyroblasts

Abstract Seventy-seven spatially orientated, serial thin sections cut from a single rock reveal changes in the geometry of spiral-shaped inclusion trails (SSITs) in garnet porphyroblasts. The observed SSITs are doubly curved, non-cylindrical surfaces, with total inclusion-trail curvature decreasing systematically from the cores to the rims of porphyroblasts. The three-dimensional geometry of the SSITs, reconstructed with the aid of computer graphics, shows that the orientations of spiral axes defined by the SSITs are not related in any expected nor predictable way to the main foliation in the matrix. This suggests continued deformation after or during the latest stages of porphyroblast growth, which has important implications for the use of SSITs as shear-sense indicators. Whether the formation of SSITs involves significant porphyroblast rotation with respect to a geographically fixed reference frame cannot be determined from the available data.     

Magma mixing model for the genesis of middle crust in the Izu–Bonin–Mariana arc: evidence from plutonic rocks in the Mineoka-Setogawa ophiolitic mélange,central Japan

ABSTRACT

A Paleogene accretionary complex, the Mineoka–Setogawa belt is distributed adjacent to the northern portion of the collision zone between Honshu and Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) arcs in central Japan, comprising a mélange of ophiolitic fragments of various sizes. The Eocene-Oligocene plutonic rocks in this belt (gabbro, diorite, and tonalite) have been interpreted as fragments brought from the deep crust beneath the IBM arc through tectonic collisions. The geochemical characteristics of the gabbro and associated basaltic dike are similar to those of the Eocene IBM tholeiitic basalt; thus, the gabbro was likely formed via the crystallization of the Eocene tholeiitic basaltic magmas, which was produced by the partial meltings of a depleted mantle wedge. A comparison with experimental results and geochemical modeling indicates that the tonalite was generated by 10–30% dehydration melting of the gabbro. Actually, Eocene–Oligocene felsic veins, which are coeval with the plutonic rocks, occur in the Mineoka–Setogawa gabbro. Plagioclase crystals in the diorite comprise Ca-rich and -poor parts in a single crystal. Their compositional characteristics are consistent with those of plagioclase in the gabbro and tonalite, respectively. The textures and chemical composition of plagioclase indicate that the diorite was formed by the mixing between mafic and silicic magmas. The whole-rock composition of the diorite also indicates the evidence for the mixing between basaltic magmas which were fractionated to variable degrees and homogeneous silicic magma. The mixing model proposed from the first direct observations of the IBM middle crust exposed on the Mineoka–Setogawa belt is applied to the genesis of the Eocene to present intermediate rocks in the IBM arc. If the continental crust were created at intra-oceanic arc settings such as the IBM arc, the magma mixing model would be one of the most likely mechanisms for the genesis of the continental crust.     

Jurassic uplift and erosion of the northeast Queensland continental margin: evidence from (U–Th)/He thermochronology combined with U–Pb detrital zircon age spectra

Abstract

The Jurassic–Cretaceous Great Artesian Basin is the most extensive, and largest volume, sedimentary feature of continental Australia. The source of its mud-dominated Cretaceous infill is attributed largely to contemporary magmatism along the continental margin to the east, but the source of its Jurassic infill, dominated by quartz sandstone, remains unconstrained. This paper investigates the question of a Jurassic sediment source for the northern part of the basin. Jurassic uplift and exhumation of the continental margin crustal sector to the east provided the primary Jurassic sediment source. (U–Th)/He data are presented for zircon and apatite from Pennsylvanian to mid Permian granitoids of the Kennedy Igneous Association distributed within the northern Tasmanides between the Townsville and Cairns regions and for coeval granites of the Urannha batholith from the Mount Carlton district (N Bowen Basin), also within the northern Tasmanides. The data from zircon indicate widespread Jurassic exhumation of a crustal tract located to the east of the northern Great Artesian Basin and largely occupied by rocks of the Tasmanides. Detrital zircon age spectra for samples of the Jurassic Hutton and Blantyre sandstones from the northeastern margin of the Great Artesian Basin show their derivation to be largely from rocks of the northern Tasmanides. In combination, the detrital age spectra and (U–Th)/He data from zircon indicate exhumation owing to uplift generating appreciable physiographic relief along the north Queensland continental margin during the Jurassic, shedding sediment westward into the Great Artesian Basin during its early development. A portion of (U–Th)/He data for zircon are consistent with late Permian–mid Triassic exhumation within the Tasmanides, attributable to the influence of the Hunter--Bowen Orogeny. Evidence of Cretaceous and Paleocene exhumation episodes is also indicated for some samples, mainly by apatite (U–Th)/He analysis, consistent with data previously published from fission track studies. Overall, new data from the present study reveal that the exhumation related to Jurassic regional uplift and the subsequent erosional reworking of the northeast Australian continental margin is critical for the evolution and development of the northern side of the Great Artesian Basin in eastern Australia. Apart from this, another two previously suggested Permian–Triassic and Cretaceous exhumation and uplift episodes along the northeast Australian continental margin are also confirmed by the dataset of this study.

1. KEY POINTS

2. U–Pb detrital zircon ages of sandstone samples from the northeastern Eromanga Basin reveal Paleozoic (480–280 Ma) and Proterozoic (1800–1400 Ma) age clusters.

3. (U–Th)/He zircon and apatite dating results of granitoids samples from Cairns, Townsville and the Mount Carlton districts are dominated by Jurassic (198–164 Ma) and Permian–Triassic (272–238 Ma) age clusters.

4. Combination of above two datasets proves the regional uplift-driving Jurassic exhumation episode in the northeast Australian continental is vital for the development of the northern Great Artesian Basin.

     

Analyse isotopique de l'air piégé dans la glace pour quantifier les variations de température

Isotopic measurements in polar ice core have shown a succession of rapid warming periods during the last glacial period over Greenland. However, this method underestimates the surface temperature variations. A new method based on gas thermal diffusion in the firn manages to quantify surface temperature variations through associated isotopic fractionations. We developed a method to extract air from the ice and to perform isotopic measurements to reduce analytical uncertainties to 0.006 and 0.020$\text{‰}$ for δ¹⁵N and δ⁴⁰Ar. It led to a 16±1.5 °C surface temperature variation during a rapid warming ($\text{?70}\text{000}$ yr). To cite this article: A. Landais et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).