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71.
Influencing domain of peripheral sources in the urban heavy pollution process of Beijing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Multiple cities in a diveloped economic area may consist of a city cluster,and the difusion and mixing of its pollutants result in the effect of pollutants plume between cities and the large-scale regional pollution diffusion phenomenon.The distant transfer and diffusion of pollutants occurs when massive aerosols are affected by the dynamic porcess of large-scale circulations.Research suggesten that the life span of aerosol particles whose diameters are about 1 um is the longest.The longevity … 相似文献
72.
大气污染物SOx输送方程的尺度分析 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
文中用量纲分析方法分析了控制大气污染物输送方程的动力学特性。提出了 6种反映大气污染物输送过程中各种动力、物理和化学过程相对重要性的动力学参数。并以硫氧化物为例进行了各参数量级大小分析 ,尤其对 3种起汇作用 (去除机理 )的机理 (化学转化、干沉降和湿清除 )在不同尺度大气污染过程中的作用进行了详细分析。结果表明 :在一般情况下 ,SO2 的气相化学作用小于干沉降和湿清除的作用 ;干沉降作用很依赖于模式最底层厚度的选取 ;在有降雨时湿清除作用一般较大。文中还对大气污染物SOx 输送方程各项特征量的量级作了分析对比 ,得出了控制不同尺度大气污染物输送过程的零级近似方程和一级近似方程 ,并指出了这些方程的基本特征 相似文献
73.
General purpose Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solvers are frequently used in small-scale urban pollution dispersion simulations
without a large extent of ver- tical flow. Vertical flow, however, plays an important role in the formation of local breezes,
such as urban heat island induced breezes that have great significance in the ventilation of large cities. The effects of
atmospheric stratification, anelasticity and Coriolis force must be taken into account in such simulations. We introduce a
general method for adapting pressure based CFD solvers to atmospheric flow simulations in order to take advantage of their
high flexibility in geometrical modelling and meshing. Compressibility and thermal stratification effects are taken into account
by utilizing a novel system of transformations of the field variables and by adding consequential source terms to the model
equations of incompressible flow. Phenomena involving mesoscale to microscale coupled effects can be analyzed without model
nesting, applying only local grid refinement of an arbitrary level. Elements of the method are validated against an analytical
solution, results of a reference calculation, and a laboratory scale urban heat island circulation experiment. The new approach
can be applied with benefits to several areas of application. Inclusion of the moisture transport phenomena and the surface
energy balance are important further steps towards the practical application of the method. 相似文献
74.
城市大气污染及其引起的健康效应一直是关注的热点。本研究对2018年春季西北五省省会城市PM2.5、PM10、NO2、SO2、CO和O3浓度数据进行了系统分析,并采用美国环境保护署(United States Envi‐ronmental Protection Agency,USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型评估了PM2.5、PM10、SO2和NO2的健康风险。结果表明:PM2.5和PM10为主要超标污染物。除乌鲁木齐市(该市PM10春季平均质量浓度亦超标)外,其余四个城市PM2.5和PM10的春季平均质量浓度均超过国家二级标准。各城市SO2、NO2、O3和CO的污染水平较低。2018年春季各城市空气质量以良好至轻度污染... 相似文献
75.
Public participation is an important way to improve the overall effect and social recognition of rural environmental governance in water source areas. Public participation makes environmental governance measures more targeted and effective, contributes to protecting the basic environmental rights of the public, and makes it easier to meet the livelihood needs of rural people. Public participation in rural environmental governance in water source areas is characterized by complex behavior and is dependent on public willingness to participate. Amongst other factors, it is subject to the combined influences of both internal (psychological cognition) and external (environmental regulation) conditions. This paper builds a theoretical framework for understanding public participation behavior in rural environmental governance, and uses it to analyze a case in the rural area surrounding the Xiqin Water Works in Fujian Province. In the case study, the public shows high willingness to participate, but low actual rates of participation. At the same time, the willingness of villagers to pay for the control of pollution from livestock and poultry breeding varies greatly from village to village, and there are also noticeable individual differences in public participation in the use of public collection points for rural household waste. We found that gender, understandings of environmental protection and perception of environmental regulation, play a key role in influencing the willingness of farmers to pay for the control of pollution from livestock and poultry breeding. Individual awareness of environmental protection, environmental protection facility conditions, and environmental service quality had a significant influence on public participation in the use of public collection points for rural household waste. 相似文献
76.
The Yarlung Tsangpo River, the longest river in Tibet, houses most of the population and economy in Tibet Autonomous province. Under the rapid development of economy and society in Tibet, the pollution in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin has rapidly increased. Evaluating water quality and water environmental capacity is needed for water resource management in Tibet. This study used a single factor evaluation method to evaluate water quality of the Zhongba-Nyingchi section of the Yarlung Tsangpo River based on measured data of CODCr, NH3-N and TP in the study area. Based on these data, determinations of ideal water environmental capacity, emissions of pollutants and remaining water environmental capacity of the study area were made by a one-dimensional steady water quality model under either section-head control or cross-section control. The data indicate that most of the monitoring sections in the study area experienced good water quality. The three pollutants all had large remaining water environmental capacity generally, but TP exceeded state levels in the two upstream functional areas, and levels above state standards of CODCr and TP were found in several calculation cells of the two downstream functional areas. Therefore, emissions of pollutants need to be reduced to protect the water environment quality of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. 相似文献
77.
Huan-Xin Weng Yang-Ming Zhu Ya-Chao Qin Jian-Yu Chen Xun-Hong Chen 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2008,31(4-6):522-532
Heavy metal and organic pollutants in sediments along the coastal zone of southeastern China have been investigated. Sediment samples are retrieved from three depositional environments: coast, estuary, and tide-affected river mouth. The relative abundance of heavy metal and organic pollutants is related to their geochemical properties as well as depositional environments and anthropogenic discharge. Based on a sequential extraction method, it is revealed that anthropogenic Pb, Cr, Cu, and Cd are mainly bound to Fe–Mn oxides, suggesting that adsorption and co-precipitation of Fe–Mn oxides are in the control of their transfer processes from water column to sediment. Heavy metal bound to carbonates is also an important pool especially for Cd, Mn, and Pb. The main organic pollutants found in the study area include petroleum-related alkanes, phthalic acid ester, organic silicon, chlorophenol, phenyl ether, and amine. The accumulation of heavy metals and organics in surficial sediments has a decrease tendency from estuarine environment to coastal environment and to tide-affected river mouth. 相似文献
78.
基于ArcGIS Obejects,设计并开发了基于粮食安全的村镇区域农用地质量综合评价系统,该系统能够对不同尺度的农用地进行评价,特别是村镇区域,充分考虑了污染物对农用地质量的影响,融合了多种指标获取、指标量化、权重确定、分值计算等技术,并能够对评价的成果进行专题图的制作,适用于不同目的的农用地质量评价。 相似文献
79.
80.
Monsoon rain causes large scale sediment-water movement and reworking of sediments of the Ganga Plain which is one of the
largest fluvial systems on Earth. Geomorphology and drainage type combined with sedimentation processes play a substantial
role on dispersion and transport patterns of metals bound to sediments and soils. The study area of Kanpur-Unnao industrial
region in the Ganga Plain has been divided into five independent geochemical domains on the basis of sediment-geomorphic,
hydrological and geochemical characters. The monsoon hydrography and physico-chemical parameters (pH, conductivity) of the
river and urban drain waters play a prominent role in regulating the concentrations and behaviour of the metals in the aquatic
system of the Ganga Plain. Values of pH and specific electrical conductivity of the river water of the study area decrease
whereas those of the urban drain water increase in post-monsoon period. The monsoon rain reduces the contents of Co, C-org,
Cr, Fe and Ni and enhances the contents of Cd, Sn and Zn in sediments of post-monsoon period. In soils, it reduces the contents
of Al, Co, Fe, Mn and Ni and enhances the contents of Cd, Sn and Zn in the post-monsoon period. These changes in concentrations
vary from metal to metal and from one geochemical domain to the other. An increase in the concentrations of few metals in
the soils from pre- to post-monsoon periods indicates that these metals were mobilized from the overflooding of metal rich
waste-water onto the fields during high water stage and also by reworking of the soils through sheet floods during the monsoon
time. Despite the changes in concentrations, metal dispersion patterns in each domain remain similar both in pre- and post-monsoon
periods which indicate that the geochemical and sediment-geomorphic processes operating for the metal dispersion and mobilization
in sediments are persistent even after large scale sediment-water movement and reworking of the sediments during the monsoon
period.
Received: 4 May 1998 · Accepted: 20 October 1998 相似文献