煤田三维地震勘探的应用及效果分析

现代技术的发展使三维地震勘探方法更完善、手段更充分、应用更广泛、效果更显著.无论是构造复杂区还是地表复杂区,三维地震勘探都取得了其它勘探手段无法得到的效果,多参数、多方法的应用使解释分辨力进一步提高,成果更可靠,同时也为煤田勘探和煤炭生产企业取得了巨大的经济效益.     

Gamma ray spectrometric analysis of hydrothermally altered dacite samples from the PACMANUS hydrothermal field: Implications for the interpretation of gamma ray wireline measurements

Spectral gamma ray wireline logging derives the concentrations of potassium, thorium, and uranium of the formation by measuring the gamma ray spectrum under the assumption of secular equilibrium. These measurements were carried out in a number of boreholes drilled by Ocean Drilling Program Leg 193 at the PACMANUS hydrothermal field. Spectral gamma ray logs from several of these holes show intervals of increased radioactivity, associated with high uranium values of up to 60 ppm (Snowcap hydrothermal field) and 25 ppm (Roman Ruins hydrothermal field). Nine samples of hydrothermally altered dacite were analyzed using gamma spectrometry to examine the origin of elevated radioactivity and to test for distortion of secular equilibrium. Core spectrometry indicates that secular equilibrium is distorted. Distortion can be explained by either an uptake of nuclides of the lower part of the ²³⁸U decay series, or by removal of ²³⁸U or ²³⁴Th from the rocks. In all cases wireline uranium logs and core spectrometry do not reflect true uranium concentrations of the formation but uranium is overestimated by a factor of 3–4. At Roman Ruins, uranium values from wireline logging show higher uranium concentrations over large intervals than uranium values from core spectrometry and from published core geochemistry, even when a possible leaching of uranium is taken into account. Wireline logs indicate that depth intervals of increased radioactivity are related to the occurrence of stockwork mineralization. In these depth intervals, core recovery was extremely low. In addition to the distortion of secular equilibrium, low core recovery and preferential loss of softer and more altered material cause a sampling bias between core samples and wireline data and may explain the observed difference in uranium concentrations between core and wireline logs.     

Model data selection using gamma test for daily solar radiation estimation

Hydrological modelling is a complicated procedure and there are many tough questions facing all modellers: what input data should be used? how much data is required? and what model should be used? In this paper, the gamma test (GT) has been used for the first time in modelling one of the key hydrological components: solar radiation. The study aimed to resolve the questions about the relative importance of input variables and to determine the optimum number of data points required to construct a reliable smooth model. The proposed methodology has been studied through the estimation of daily solar radiation in the Brue Catchment, the UK. The relationship between input and output in the meteorological data sets was achieved through error variance estimation before the modelling using the GT. This work has demonstrated how the GT helps model development in nonlinear modelling techniques such as local linear regression (LLR) and artificial neural networks (ANN). It was found that the GT provided very useful information for input data selection and subsequent model development. The study has wider implications for various hydrological modelling practices and suggests further exploration of this technique for improving informed data and model selection, which has been a difficult field in hydrology in past decades. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浑河断裂现今活动性及抚顺城区段的活动特点研究

对近几十年（特别是近几年）来多处跨浑河断裂的形变测量等资料的研究表明，浑河断裂的现今活动性不十分显著，抚顺城区段浑河断裂带附近现今矿震活动频繁，数处跨断裂形变测量结果，断裂两侧的水平和垂直运动显示出的拉张、沉陷与断裂关系密切，其运动速度均在每年十几毫米以上（个别的可达300mm/a)，对其变形的机理研究认为，煤矿采掘是造成变形的主要原因，而非断裂本身构造活动的结果。     

GPS测量方位角方法在琼中地磁台建设中的应用

介绍了GPS测量方位角的原理与方法。使用GPS测量了琼中地震台4个观测墩的方位角,取得较好的结果,并对测量结果的精度和误差来源进行了分析。结果证明,GPS测量方位角方法不受观测时间限制,受天气影响较小,对人员要求不高,观测时间只需2～3天,具有较大的应用前景。     

元素俘获能谱测井标准谱测量与模拟(英文)

为了解决目前元素俘获能谱测井解释中,根据原始测量谱难以准确获得各个元素产额的困难,本文建立了一套先进的测量元素俘获伽马能谱实验方法,首次获得了硅、钙和铁等10种元素的标准俘获伽马能谱;并利用蒙托卡罗方法在同样条件下模拟得到了上述10种元素的标准模拟俘获伽马能谱。将这两种方式获得的元素标准俘获伽马能谱与国际原子能机构核数据中心数据进行对比分析,从中确定了可用于实际元素俘获能谱测井解谱计算的硅、钙和铁等10种元素的俘获伽马能谱。这一结果有效解决了元素俘获能谱测井资料处理过程中由原始测量谱到各元素产额转换过程中的关键技术难点,可有效提高元素产额的计算精度。     

Multifractal modelling and spectrum analysis: Methods and applications to gamma ray spectrometer data from southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada

Multifractal theory was developed for handling scale invariant fields instead of geometry only[1―4]. From a multifractal point of view, some fractal models, ordinary physical processes and relevant probability distribution types can be considered as special cases of multifractal models which provides new insight into the interrelationships between systems and subjects. For example, the low order moment exponents τ (0), τ (1), τ (2) or τ ″(1) obtained by means of the moment method determi…     

活断层探测成果的三维可视化

城市地震活断层的探测应用了多个学科(地球物理学、地球化学、地质学、地震学、大地测量学、遥感等)中的多种不同方法,形成了类型、格式各异的三维地质空间的探测成果数据。文中以乌鲁木齐目标区为研究实例,提出了一套活断层探测成果的三维可视化方法,并综合显示在ArcGIS扩展模块3DAnalyst提供的三维空间交互环境中,为活断层探测成果的三维综合分析奠定了基础     

随钻方位伽马测井仪器的优化设计

随钻方位伽马测井仪器能在钻井过程中有效测量地层的方位放射性强度,其测量效率与其结构参数有关.合理设计测井仪器的结构参数,可以大大提高其测量效率.利用蒙特卡罗数值模拟方法建立模型,从归一化统计误差和探测特性分析仪器的响应特征,为结构参数的选取提供理论依据.研究结果表明,6.75 in(1 in=2.54 cm)的钻铤外径下,当晶体直径为1 in左右,晶体长度为18～22 cm,屏蔽体长度为2～3 cm,屏蔽体厚度为2～3 cm,窗口材料为铍,屏蔽体开口角度选在0°附近,泥浆通道半径为2 cm左右时,仪器可以获得相对较低的统计误差和相对较好的探测特性.该研究表明,优化后的随钻方位伽马测井仪器的测量效率大大提高.     

Phytoplankton abundance, biomass and diversity within and between Pantanal wetland habitats

During the high water season, the flooding reduces environmental heterogeneity in aquatic ecosystems of the Pantanal wetland. When the water level recedes, lakes and channels are formed as individual systems. Therefore, we expected the spatial heterogeneity during the low water phase resulting in changes on biological communities leading to high phytoplankton abundance, biomass and diversity within and between habitats. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed eight freshwater systems (five oxbow lakes, two channels, and the river) during the low water period. Phytoplankton biomass, abundance, diversity (alpha, beta, gamma) and diversity metrics as richness (species per sample), Shannon diversity (H′) and evenness were measured in all systems along with nutrient concentrations, zooplankton and bacteria abundances. We found 97 species as gamma diversity. The alpha diversity was unexpectedly low in comparison to most other South American floodplain systems (38 species in river, 24 in channels and 29 in lakes). Also, the systems are relatively similar in composition (beta diversity, 28%). Connectivity differences between systems highlighted differences in phytoplankton abundance and biomass (fresh weight) ranging from 1428 ind mL⁻¹ (river) to 3710 ind mL⁻¹ (lakes) and from 0.71 mg L⁻¹ (river) to 2.9 mg L⁻¹ (lakes), respectively. However, our results did not indicate significant differences in phytoplankton species richness between the systems during the low water. Our main conclusions are that local factors may be responsible for changes on phytoplankton community and the time of isolation during the low water phase was not sufficient to promote changes in phytoplankton diversity between the habitats.