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941.
有机质在金银低温成矿作用中的实验研究   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7  
卢家烂  庄汉平 《地球化学》1996,25(2):172-180
本文实验内容包括Au、Ag元素在低熟高硫原油及其共存的水溶液中的分配特征,水-油-岩(矿)反应体系中Au、Ag活化和迁移的能力,以及在共同源岩和温度,压力共同作用的压力机系统中,石油生成和初次运移过程对Au的富集能力等。结果证明,在一定的成熟度范围内R0〈0.900%)原油可能成为Au,Ag运移和富集的重要载体以及成矿流体的重要组成部分。  相似文献   
942.
In this paper we document the correlationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and lowlevel-winds such as sea level wind and 850 hPa wind in the South China Sea (SCS) based onCOADS (1958—1987) and ECMWF objective analysis data (1973—1986).Further statisticalanalyses tell us that there is a fixed SCS basin mode for variations both of SST and low-level windsin the region on the interannual time scale due to air-sea interactions.A simplified,coupled model that is designed following the McCreary and Anderson's (1985)model and includes the feedback between the upper ocean and the circulation of East Asianmonsoon demonstrates an interannual oscillation in the coupled air-sea system,which is similar tothe observations in the SCS.  相似文献   
943.
In recent years,the dynamic coupled models of ocean-atmosphere and statistical models havebeen used in routine operation for issuing long-lead forecasts.The dynamic coupled models consistof models with varying degrees of complexity,ranging from simplified coupled models of theshallow water to coupled general circulation models.During the period of 1980—1992,somemodels performed considerably better than the persistence forecast on predicting typical indices ofENSO for lead time of 6 to 12 months.It seems that ENSO is predictable at least one year inadvance.However.nearly all the models have lost their skill of forecasting sea surface temperature(SST)changes in the eastern equatorial Pacific since 1992.It is a challenge not only to the dynamicmodels but also to the understanding of the ENSO cycle mechanism.This paper examines multipletime-space scales of the ocean-atmosphere interactions and potential prediction ability of ENSOevent by using data analysis and model study.  相似文献   
944.
Groundwater discharge into lakes is one of the least studied components of their water and salt balance. Yet groundwater inflow determines in many cases the hydrochemical, thermal and hydrobiological regimes of lakes and affects the process of sediment accumulation. Modern methods for quantitatively assessing groundwater discharge into lakes are considered. The results of studies of the groundwater contribution to the water and salt balance of Lakes Baikal, Balkhash, Issyk-Kul, the Caspian Sea and some other lakes are given. International experience in studying ground and lake water interaction is briefly characterized.  相似文献   
945.
开展中国大陆水圈演化研究,保护人类生存环境   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
中国大陆水圈是地球水圈的重要组成部分。青藏高原的阶段性急剧隆起和全新世以来的持续上升,控制着中国大陆水圈的自然演化方向和速率。中国大陆水圈演化在研究地球陆地水圈方面有其特殊意义。近几十年来,随着国民经济建设的发展及人类工程技术活动的加强,导致地表河流流量及入海水量减少、地下水位大面积下降和地面沉降、地表水和地下水水质恶化、海水入侵地下水含水层等等,这些都积极地改变着中国大陆水圈的自然状态,从而影响人类的生存环境。因此,开展中国大陆水圈演化研究──中国大陆水圈量与质的演化过程、中国大陆水圈与其它圈层间的相互作用、人类社会经济活动对中国大陆水圈演化影响与反馈、水环境演化趋势及资源环境效应预测等,不仅是我国地球科学与国际研究接轨的需要,也是保护人类生存环境最基本的重大课题。  相似文献   
946.
Quasi-stationary planetary waves exhibit different seasonal behaviour in the two winter stratospheres. Whereas, in a climatological sense, wave amplitudes are large throughout northern winter, in the Southern Hemisphere there is a climatological minimum in midwinter. It is suggested here that the southern hemisphere behaviour is basically linear, the midwinter minimum arising from the opacity of the strong westerlies of southern midwinter to stationary wave propagation. On the other hand, it is further suggested that, in the northern hemisphere winter, the westerlies are prevented from becoming so strong (in a climatological sense) by the action of the waves themselves on the means state and that the penetration of large-scale waves into the midwinter northern stratosphere thus depends on a nonlinear feedback process. Preliminary tests of this hypothesis are conducted, using a highly truncated beta-plane model of the stratospheric flow.  相似文献   
947.
Marked wavelike variations of the lower stratospheric wind observed on 7–10 May, 1985 by an MST radar in Japan (by the MU radar) are analyzed assuming that they are induced by monochromatic internal inertio-gravity waves. These variations are mainly composed of two modes (periods: 22 and 24 hours), both of which have zonal phase velocities (C X ) slower than the mean westerly wind (). A statistical analysis of the zonal phase velocity shows thatC X above andC X below the tropopause jet stream, which is considered to be a vivid proof of wave selection due to the tropospheric mean flow and upward wave emission from the tropopause jet. A comparison between the MU radar results and routine meteorological observations leads to the conclusion that the marked waves appear when the jet stream takes a maximum wind speed.  相似文献   
948.
A note on the general concept of wave breaking for Rossby and gravity waves   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
A recently proposed general definition of wave breaking is further discussed, in order to deal with some points on which misunderstanding appears to have arisen. As with surface and internal gravity waves, the classification of Rossby waves into breaking and not breaking is a generic classification based on dynamical considerations, and not a statement about any unique signature or automatically recognizable shape. Nor is it a statement about passive tracers uncorrelated with potential vorticity on isentropic surfaces. A strong motivation for the definition is that proofs of the nonacceleration theorem of wave, mean-flow interaction theory rely, explicitly or implicitly, on a hypothesis that the waves do not break in the sense envisaged.The general definition refers to the qualitative behaviour of a certain set of material contours, namely those, and only those, which would undulate reversibly, with small slopes, under the influence of the waves' restoring mechanism, in those circumstances for which linearized, nondissipative wave theory is a self-consistent approximation to nonlinear reality. The waves' restoring mechanism depends upon the basic-state vertical potential density gradient in the case of gravity waves, and upon the basic-state isentropic gradient of potential vorticity in the case of Rossby waves. In the usual linearized theory of planetary scale Rossby waves on a zonal shear flow, the relevant material contours lie along latitude circles when undisturbed.  相似文献   
949.
为了研究植物营养元素的含量和δ~(13)C值随海拔而变化的相关关系,沿着海拔450 m的贵州茂兰至海拔1330 m的贵州安顺一线,采集和分析研究了C_3植物——小果蔷薇(R.cymosa Tratt)的叶片。分析结果表明,植物叶片中营养元素含量随着海拔的上升而产生的变化是:氮、磷和钾的含量会在增高,而钙和镁的含量却会降低。植物叶片的δ~(13)C值会增大,其变幅为 2.4‰/1000m。  相似文献   
950.
A three-dimensional method of analysis is presented for the seismic response of structures constructed on pile foundations. An analysis is formulated in the time domain and the effects of material nonlinearity of soil on the seismic response are investigated. A subsystem model consisting of a structure subsystem and a pile-foundation subsystem is used. Seismic response of the system is found using a successive-coupling incremental solution scheme. Both subsystems are assumed to be coupled at each time step. Material nonlinearity is accounted for by incorporating an advanced plasticity-based soil model, HiSS, in the finite element formulation. Both single piles and pile groups are considered and the effects of kinematic and inertial interaction on seismic response are investigated while considering harmonic and transient excitations. It is seen that nonlinearity significantly affects seismic response of pile foundations as well as that of structures. Effects of nonlinearity on response are dependent on the frequency of excitation with nonlinearity causing an increase in response at low frequencies of excitation.  相似文献   
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