蛇绿岩与蛇绿混杂带结构

蛇绿岩是刻画造山带洋—陆演化格局的标志性证据,由具有成因联系的超基性—基性岩和上覆远洋—深海沉积物组成,是一种理想剖面,非实际的野外露头表现。蛇绿岩分为MOR型和SSZ型两类,前者形成于洋中脊、洋盆宽度足够的弧前/弧后盆地扩张脊环境,后者形成于洋壳初始俯冲阶段的弧前环境。蛇绿岩的形成年龄可以通过古生物和同位素测年方法获得,同位素年龄与最老古生物化石（如放射虫、牙形刺等）年龄相近;洋壳运移过程中,有岩浆击穿洋壳而发育二元结构,由早期洋壳和叠覆的晚期岩浆岩构成;晚期岩浆岩比最老古生物年龄更为年轻。蛇绿岩通过俯冲铲刮、深部底垫和仰冲作用就位,发育褶皱和叠瓦状—双冲构造、及构造肢解为“基质夹岩块”结构成为蛇绿混杂带;蛇绿岩的形成年龄和就位年龄之间可从无年龄差到数十、甚至上百个百万年的时间跨度。蛇绿岩就位后继续经历俯冲带上盘和陆内活化等阶段的演化：蛇绿岩就位时的滑脱断层切穿俯冲带上盘,为后期岩浆提供通道,可侵入多期次的、非蛇绿岩套组份的中基性—酸性岩脉和岩体,包括SSZ型特征的岩浆岩,如新疆扎河坝—和布克赛尔蛇绿混杂带和美国Klamath山蛇绿混杂带。蛇绿混杂带在变质变形强烈的俯冲带上盘和活化的陆内环境中,受到构造改造,造成单一露头区不能够完整地出露有蛇绿岩套的岩石组份,而侵入在蛇绿混杂带中的岩浆岩被构造肢解、形成岩块并使得混杂带内岩石组份复杂化。现今露头的蛇绿混杂带是经历过多阶段演化的、一种现时状态的“四维时空”信息的综合体,即多个时期的物质叠置在同一个露头的三维空间内,一些岩石可能与蛇绿岩套并无成因联系。     

甘肃西秦岭阳山金矿控矿构造特征及对勉略构造混杂岩带金矿勘查的启示

阳山金矿大地构造位置位于秦祁昆造山系秦岭弧盆系南秦岭勉略构造混杂岩带,成矿区划属秦岭成矿省南秦岭成矿带新关-阳山成矿亚带。由于矿床位于构造混杂岩带中,控矿构造复杂,给勘查工作带来了很大的困难,一度无法提交勘查报告。为了详细理清构造控矿样式,利用矿区探矿工程资料,提取大量的构造要素,利用构造统计分析及应力分析方法,结合野外现场观察,提出了全新的构造控矿模式。通过研究认为,阳山金矿位于勉略构造混杂岩带文县安昌河－观音坝逆冲断裂推覆构造体系前锋断褶带的葛条湾-草坪梁复背斜东部转折端,矿体受褶皱两翼的韧脆性断裂破碎带及其核部楔入式断层控制,总体以北东东向展布为主,平面上呈"网结状"展布,剖面上倾向既有向北,也有向南,还有近水平的。从而解决了阳山金矿的控矿构造和矿体圈连问题,对勉略构造混杂岩带中金矿勘查具有很好的借鉴意义。     

内蒙古北山造山带时空结构与古亚洲洋演化

内蒙古北山造山带自北向南发育红石山－百合山、月牙山－洗肠井和帐房山－玉石山3条蛇绿构造混杂岩带。其中北部的2条蛇绿岩带揭示了北山造山带两阶段演化的历史：月牙山－洗肠井蛇绿混杂岩带洋壳形成于530~520 Ma,沿该带多处保存较完好的蛇绿岩洋壳残块（洋壳结构具向北变新特征）,与北侧的早古生代公婆泉岩浆弧（由南向北岛弧成熟度变高）共同指示了北山洋向北俯冲消减的过程,即490 Ma初始俯冲,450~440 Ma为俯冲峰期,430~420 Ma为同碰撞阶段,400 Ma的双峰式岩浆岩组合指示了北山洋的消亡和后造山伸展的过程;红石山－百合山蛇绿混杂岩带是发育在雀儿山－圆包山岛弧基础上的SSZ型蛇绿岩,弧后开裂洋壳的形成与南侧最早发育的岛弧岩浆作用年龄接近（340~320 Ma）,310~290 Ma俯冲峰期造成南侧白山岩浆弧大量的岩浆活动,早二叠世末期（275 Ma）的辉长岩和花岗岩侵位及早—中二叠世双堡塘组下部的角度不整合均反映了红石山洋盆的闭合。前人所划"石板井－小黄山蛇绿岩带"实为一条早古生代发育的深大断裂,沿带发育中基性侵入体及少量超基性岩,后期（志留纪末）叠加有较强的韧性剪切变形。中生代以来的走滑作用和逆冲推覆构造改造了古生代的构造格架,使红石山-百合山蛇绿混杂岩带向北左行切错了十余千米,北山南部的中—新元古界推覆至下古生界之上。对内蒙古北山造山带时空结构的厘定,有助于中亚造山带造山作用过程的理解及其对古生代地壳增生的深入研究,也对银额盆地晚古生代新层系油气资源勘查起到基础支撑。     

A comparative analysis of the NDVIg and NDVI3g in monitoring vegetation phenology changes in the Northern Hemisphere

Phenology is a sensitive and critical feature of vegetation and is a good indicator for climate change studies. The global inventory modelling and mapping studies (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has been the most widely used data source for monitoring of the vegetation dynamics over large geographical areas in the past two decades. With the release of the third version of the NDVI (GIMMS NDVI3g) recently, it is important to compare the NDVI3g data with those of the previous version (NDVIg) to link existing studies with future applications of the NDVI3g in monitoring vegetation phenology. In this study, the three most popular satellite start of vegetation growing season (SOS) extraction methods were used, and the differences between SOSg and SOS3g arising from the methods were explored. The amplitude and the peak values of the NDVI3g are higher than those of the NDVIg curve, which indicated that the SOS derived from the NDVIg (SOSg) was significantly later than that derived from the NDVI3g (SOS3g) based on all the methods, for the whole northern hemisphere. In addition, SOSg and SOS3g both showed an advancing trend during 1982–2006, but that trend was more significant with SOSg than with SOS3g in the results from all three methods. In summary, the difference between SOSg and SOS3g (in the multi-year mean SOS, SOS change slope and the turning point in the time series) varied among the methods and was partly related to latitude. For the multi-year mean SOS, the difference increased with latitude intervals in the low latitudes (0–30°N) and decreased in the mid- and high-latitude intervals. The GIMMS NDVI3g data-sets seemed more sensitive than the GIMMS NDVIg in detecting information about the ground, and the SOS3g data were better correlated both with the in situ observations and the SOS derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI. For the northern hemisphere, previous satellite measures (SOS derived from GIMMS NDVIg) may have overestimated the advancing trend of the SOS by an average of 0.032 d yr^–1.     

基于Oracle 10g SDO 网络的GIS网络Web GIS开发

如何实现GIS网络数据在Oracle中的存储、管理、应用与开发是GIS的一个重要研究内容。基于Oracle10g SDO网络实现GIS网络数据的存储与管理,不需要人为设计存储方案,并利用MapViewer完全支持SDO网络的特点,快速实现GIS网络的Web GIS开发,为建立与开发更为复杂的GIS网络系统提供基础支持和保障。     

山东归来庄金矿区g(Au/Ag)的空间信息统计学特征

空间信息统计学是一门集数学、空间信息科学及计算机技术于一体,在时空域内对区域化变量的随机性与结构性进行定量研究的技术。以山东归来庄金矿床为例,对其g(AuAg)异常进行空间信息统计学研究。利用指示克立格法研究g(AuAg)的空间变异结构特征,建立空间结构模型。在对结构模型和估计方案进行交叉验证后,对g(AuAg)的空间分布进行估计。根据g(AuAg)的空间分布规律,探讨其与Au空间分布的关系,并对今后该区的找金工作提出建议。     

Comparison between Pollutant Concentration in the Samples of Fog and Rime Water Collected at Mt. Milešovka

The article aims at showing the differences in concentration of pollutants that are contained in the samples of fog and/or low cloud water in comparison with the water from rime. The results follow from the fog and rime measurements made at Mt. Mileovka (eské Stedohoí Mountains). They are compared with the results of other studies that also report the differences in fog and rime chemistry.     

A method of searching for radial velocity anomalies in the lower mantle using interfering signals

Radial velocity anomalies in the lower mantle that give rise to triplications in the travel-time curve for short-periodP waves will produce arrivals havingdT/d values that differe by roughly 0.2–0.5 s/deg. The first two arrivals associated with such triplications will be separated by less than one second over a distance range of 4°–10° they may not, therefore, be separable visually on single seismograms, so that their presence can only be inferred from some measurable property that depends on their mutual interference. If there are lateral variations in the regions of anomalous velocity gradients, the interfering signals will also have different azimuths of arrival. Using two synthetic wavelets we have investigated the effect of interference on bothdT/d and azimuth measurements at the Yellowknife Array. We found that if the interfering pulses have a dominant frequencyv, there is a range of time separations (0.30/v0.55/v) over which the measureddT/d and azimuth values may fluctuate by much more than the differences indT/d and azimuth between the interfering signals. We have evaluated the following empirically defined functions for three different primary signals, and for three different relative amplitudes of the interfering signals:f (t), the drift function, which expresses how the measured slownesses,p, and azimuths, , differ from the slownesses and azimuths of the primary wavelets; f(), the range function, which describes the behaviour of the upper and lower bounds ofp and as a function of the difference in arrival times of the signals, andf , studied the properties of these functions, and have outlined how these properties provide criteria based on the numerical and statistical characteristics of the arrival vectors, and on the waveform of the signal that will enable small radial velocity anomalies to be more clearly delineated.Contribution No. 863 from the Earth Physics Branch.     

Survey of cyanomyovirus abundance in Shantou coastal waters by g20

To understand the genetic diversity and population changes in cyanophages in the coastal waters of Shantou,northeast South China Sea,we used the capsid assembly protein gene g 20 as a marker of the abundance and phylogeny of natural cyanomyovirus communities. The abundance of total viruses,heterotrophic bacteria,and picophytoplankton in the coastal waters was monitored with flow cytometry. Hydrological parameters(NO ˉ 3,NO ˉ 2,NH 3,soluble reactive phosphorus,total dissolved nitrogen,total dissolved phosphorus,dissolved oxygen,chemical oxygen demand,temperature,salinity,and chlorophyll a concentration) and microbial abundance(total viruses,total bacteria,P rochlorococcus,Synechococcus,and eukaryotes) were measured in the upper and lower layers at four sampling sites in the research area. In the direct viral counts,cyanomyoviruses accounted for 1.92% to 10% of the total viral community. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the g 20 sequences in the Shantou coastal waters were very diverse,distributed in eight distinct operational taxonomic units,including the newly formed Cluster W. The g 20 gene copies inferred from real time PCR assay indicated that cyanomyoviruses were correlated significantly with the heterotrophic bacteria numbers and the nitrate and chlorophyll a concentrations. These results suggest that cyanomyoviruses are ubiquitous and are an abundant component of the virioplankton in Shantou coastal waters.     

CHZ-Ⅱ海洋重力仪重力敏感结构的性能测试与分析

在原有CHZ重力仪研制基础上,设计新一代海洋重力仪CHZ-Ⅱ并进行硬件搭建与测试。阐述了为CHZ-Ⅱ重力敏感结构设计的测试方案、实验过程及其结果分析,主要包括弹性系统的刚度、交叉耦合效应和漂移效应。实验表明,该结构在目前的测试内容下符合设计要求。