GPS测量控制网公共点兼容性分析

介绍了几种基本的ＧＰＳ网公共点兼容性分析方法。结合实例，应用平差成果和数理统计理论，就各种方法作了较为详细的分析和探讨。     

鄂西清江流域及其邻区地壳稳定性评价

地壳稳定性评价是进行重大工程建设所必须研究的课题之一。本文在分析清江流域区域构造格架、深部构造、活动断层、地震活动和现今构造应力场等影响地壳稳定性主要因素的基础上，利用模糊数学综合评判和信息量计算两种模型评价清江流域区域地壳稳定性。根据地壳稳定性４级划分标准，将该区划分为１０个稳定区，７个较稳定区，４个较不稳定区。清江干流的３级大型水利枢纽工程均位于稳定区，其库区以稳定区为主，局部跨越较稳定带。     

长江三峡工程坝区及外围地壳稳定性评价与分区研究

本文分长江三峡工程坝区及外围（约３１对万ｋｍ２）和长江三峡工程库首区（约３万ｋｍ２）两个层次和范围进行区域地壳稳定性评价与分区研究，在构造分区及现今地应力地场研究的基础上，运用模糊数学进行地壳稳定性量化综合评价，然后结合地质分析，进行地壳稳定性分区。长江三峡工程坝区及外围地壳稳定性评价与分区结果为：库首区地壳稳定性总体系属相对较稳定一稳定状态，三斗坪坝址区属于相对稳定地块；长江三峡工程库首区地壳稳定性评价与分区结果为：三斗坪坝址位于古老的花岗岩完整块体之上，属于相对稳定（Ⅰ）地块。从区域地壳稳定性评价看，     

年度地震预报的一种模糊综合评判方法

用文献（贺仲雄，１９８３）提出的一种模糊综合评判方法，对内蒙布特哈旗一带进行了地震年度预报研究。利用１９７１～１９８８年共１８年观测资料作为样本资料，对后１７年进行预报检验，取得了较好的结果。     

Precursory seismic quiescence: A preliminary assessment of the hypothesis

Numerous cases of precursory seismic quiescence have been reported in recent years. Some investigators have interpreted these observations as evidence that seismic quiescence is a somewhat reliable precursor to moderate or large earthquakes. However, because failures of the pattern to predict earthquakes may not, in general, be reported, and because numerous earthquakes are not preceded by quiescence, the validity and reliability of the quiescence precursor have not been established.We have analyzed the seismicity rate prior to, and in the source region of, 37 shallow earthquakes (M 5.3–7.0) in central California and Japan for patterns of rate fluctuation, especially precursory quiescence. Nonuniformity in rate for these pre-mainshock sequences is relatively high, and numerous intervals with significant (p<0.10) extrema in rate are observed in some of the sequences. In other sequences, however, the rate remains within normal limits up to the time of the mainshock. Overall, in terms of an observational basis for intermediate-term earthquake prediction, no evidence is found in the cases studied for a systematic, widespread or reliable pattern of quiescence prior to the mainshocks.In earthquake sequences comprising full seismic cycles for 5 sets of (M 3.7–5.1) repeat earthquakes on the San Andreas fault near Bear Valley, California, the seismicity rates are found to be uniform. A composite of the estimated rate fluctuations for the sequences, normalized to the length of the seismic cycle, reveals a weak pattern of a low rate in the first third of the cycle, and a high rate in the last few months. While these observations are qualitative, they may represent weak expressions of physical processes occurring in the source region over the seismic cycle.Re-examination of seismicity rate fluctuations in volumes along the creeping section of the San Andreas fault specified by Wyss and Burford (1985) qualitatively confirms the existence of low-rate intervals in volumes 361, 386, 382, 372 and 401. However, only the quiescence in volume 386 is found by the present study to be statistically significant.     

陕南膨胀土判别与分类的模糊综合评判

用模糊数学方法,选用与膨胀土胀缩特性有关的指标:粘粒含量(m_(0.005))、液限(W_L)、液性指数(I_L)、线缩率(e_u)、自由膨胀率(δ_(ef)),对陕南地区膨胀土进行了模糊综合评判。其结果可分为3类:一类是灰白、灰绿色强膨胀潜势膨胀土;二类是三级以上阶地上黄褐-棕红色的中等膨胀潜势的膨胀土;三类是二级阶地上褐黄-黄褐色弱膨胀潜势的膨胀土。     

Spatial characterization of the location of potentially leaky wells penetrating a deep saline aquifer in a mature sedimentary basin

This work was motivated by considerations of potential leakage pathways for CO₂ injected into deep geological formations for the purpose of carbon sequestration. Because existing wells represent a potentially important leakage pathway, a spatial analysis of wells that penetrate a deep aquifer in the Alberta Basin was performed and various statistical measures to quantify the spatial distribution of these wells were presented. The data indicate spatial clustering of wells, due to oil and gas production activities. The data also indicate that the number of wells that could be impacted by CO₂ injection, as defined by the spread of an injected CO₂ plume, varies from several hundred in high well-density areas to about 20 in low-density areas. These results may be applied to other mature continental sedimentary basins in North America and elsewhere, where detailed information on well location and status may not be available.     

北京山区农业气候资源系统的模糊综合评判

为了定量分析北京山区农业气候资源,利用山区1 km^2小网格的气候资料,应用农业气候适宜度理论、模糊数学和因子分析等方法,通过5项农业气候指标与山区栽培植物生长发育条件之间隶属函数的建立及其权重的确定,分别计算山区各网格点的农业气候资源指数、效能指数和利用系数,并在GIS的支持下建立了它们的栅格图.结果表明：北京山区以平谷、密云、怀柔南部等东北部地区的农业气候资源系统较为优良,无论是气候资源总量还是其匹配状况以及利用率都是本地区最高的;与之相反,西北部和海拔较高的山区,不仅农业气候资源总量贫乏,而且光、热、水资源的匹配程度较差,导致农作物对资源的利用率较低;此外,房山东南部和昌平南部等地区气候资源总量较为丰富,但受水资源的限制,光、热、水资源的匹配程度较差,致使当地气候资源利用率较低.     

利用真彩航空影像进行城市绿化面积的分类研究

本文以真彩航空影像为基础 ,比较了自动分类与人工分类在城市绿地面积提取中的相同与不同之处 ,对自动分类在城市绿地面积提取中的可行性与可靠性作了讨论并在实践中得到应用     

基于小波分析的SAR图像斑点滤波及其性能比较评价

进行斑点噪声滤波是对SAR图像进行分割、分类和信息提取处理前不可或缺的处理步骤。该文首先简要回顾了各种传统的SAR图像斑点滤波算法。在充分考虑SAR图像斑点噪声乘性特征的基础上，对SAR图像进行对数变换，将乘性噪声转变为加性噪声，然后在对图像进行小波分解，采用软门限方法进行典型SAR图像斑点噪声滤波。归纳SAR图像斑点噪声滤波效果评价的5个指标，并将文中基于小波分析的滤波效果与传统的自适应局部统计斑点滤波器、Gamma-Map滤波器的滤波效果进行了全方位的比较。结果表明，该方法在图像均匀区域的辐射特性保持和斑点抑制能力，边缘、细小特征和点目标等结构信息的保持方面都优于传统的斑点滤波器。