安徽巢湖地区中二叠统栖霞组灰岩中燧石成因

安徽省巢湖地区中二叠统栖霞组以发育一套滨海沼泽－浅海碳酸盐台地环境为主的细碎屑岩至碳酸盐岩沉积建造为特征,灰岩中常见结核状及条带状燧石。燧石多为椭球状和串珠状,部分燧石与灰岩间发育宽约0.5 cm的过渡带。镜下观察灰岩为微晶生物碎屑灰岩;过渡带也多由微晶方解石组成,多数钙质生物壳体被石英充填或半充填,扫描电镜下可见方解石微溶、石英充填溶孔的现象;燧石主要为隐晶及微晶石英,生物碎屑类型与灰岩中基本一致,且多被石英交代。岩石学特征表明死亡的生物在腐烂降解过程中形成的有机酸抑制了碳酸钙的沉淀,并使部分生物碎屑及灰泥发生溶蚀,胶质二氧化硅沉淀,形成燧石结核。燧石中w(Al)/w(Al+Fe+Mn)平均值为0.63,远大于热水沉积硅质岩的最大值0.35;Fe/Ti平均值为9.5,小于热水成因的最小值20;Al-Fe-Mn三角图投点位于非热液成因区域;燧石中Al₂O₃含量平均值为0.20%,远高于MgO、Na₂O、K₂O的含量。分析认为,该区燧石结核的二氧化硅可能来源于陆源物质。     

Late glacial and Holocene environmental change in the Lake Baikal region documented by oxygen isotopes from diatom silica

We investigate late glacial and Holocene climate change recorded in Lake Baikal using the oxygen isotope composition of diatom silica (δ¹⁸O_DIAT). Evaporation from the lake is minor, and the temperature fractionations of δ¹⁸O are unable to explain variations in the δ¹⁸O_DIAT record alone. Isotopically, low meltwater input from glaciers may have some influence on δ¹⁸O_DIAT, but the assumed periods of climatic warming and wastage do not coincide with large shifts in δ¹⁸O_DIAT. There is a gradual oxygen isotope lowering from 27.0‰ to 20.6‰ over the late glacial, while, during the Holocene, δ¹⁸O_DIAT values return to relatively high values. Previous studies of the modern oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of Lake Baikal's inputs reveal that fluvial input to the lake's North Basin are isotopically lower than fluvial input from South Basin rivers. This north–south gradient of river δ¹⁸O and δD is mainly due to the greater input from isotopically low winter precipitation in the north and isotopically higher summer precipitation in the south. As a result, the δ¹⁸O_DIAT record from Lake Baikal can at least in part be explained by varying input from these sources related to seasonal changes in precipitation. Changes in atmospheric conditions may have a role in altering seasonality and the distribution of precipitation over Lake Baikal's catchment. A feedback mechanism is well known linking higher Eurasian spring snow cover extent (ESSC) to the development of anticyclonic conditions and low precipitation the following summer in the areas south of Lake Baikal. A simultaneous increase in the importance of depleted water (snowmelt) input from the north and decreased enriched summer precipitation in the south is needed to explain depletions in δ¹⁸O of lake water and subsequently δ¹⁸O_DIAT during colder periods. The opposite of this situation is required to enrich lake water during warmer periods. The analysis of δ¹⁸O from diatom silica is a useful proxy for environmental change, especially in lakes, like Lake Baikal, where carbonates are absent or diluted. However, analysis must be based on near pure diatom samples as even trace amounts of silt can have a dominating effect on δ¹⁸O_DIAT values.     

东昆仑西段祁漫塔格群的重新厘定

通过区域地质调查和研究,认为前人所建立的的祁漫塔格群或滩间山群包括了不同时代的浅变质碎屑岩、中酸性火山岩及基性-超基性岩。根据在东昆仑原划奥陶系祁漫塔格群第一亚群(下部碎屑浊积岩)中采集到早志留世笔石化石组合(这是首次证实东昆仑地区存在志留系地层)及同位素测年资料(鸭子大板火山岩年龄),其时代包含了奥陶纪、志留纪和三叠纪等,根据中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书和地层清理,对祁漫塔格群进行了解体,将其重新厘定为奥陶纪滩间山群(OT)、志留纪白干湖岩组(Sb)弧后盆地复理石沉积和鸭子泉组(Sy)岛弧火山岩、石炭纪鸭子大坂硅质岩(Si)、三叠纪鄂拉山组(T3e)、蓟县纪狼牙山岩组(Jxl)和南华—奥陶纪阿牙克库木湖蛇绿混杂岩[(Nh—O)aΣ]。该成果对于祁漫塔格地区早古生代地层划分对比、构造演化提供了重要新证据。     

Evidence for a shock-metamorphic breccia within a buried impact crater,Lake Raeside,Yilgarn Craton,Western Australia

Mineral exploration drilling 60 km west of Leonora in 2008 intersected >95 m of poorly consolidated granitoid-dominated breccia at the base of a Cenozoic paleochannel beneath Lake Raeside. The breccia, initially interpreted as a kimberlite, is composed of poorly consolidated fragments of granitic gneiss, felsite and metamorphosed mafic rock within a matrix of fine to medium-grained breccia. Microscopic examination revealed quartz grains displaying well-developed planar deformation features (PDFs) dominated by the ω? {1013} planar set, diaplectic silica glass and diaplectic plagioclase glass. These features constitute the diagnostic hallmarks of shock metamorphism owing to high-velocity impact of a large meteorite or asteroid. The PDFs in quartz grains of the breccia are distinctly different from metamorphic deformation lamellae produced tectonically or in diatremes. Airborne total magnetic intensity data suggest an outline of an 11 km-diameter crater, consistent with the significant thickness of the shock-metamorphosed breccia at >95 m, suggestive of the existence of a large impact structure.     

热液中二氧化硅与成矿元素锡络合作用的实验标定

热液中二氧化硅与成矿元素锡络合作用的实验标定＊樊文苓陈紫新王声远田弋夫（中国科学院矿床地球化学开放研究实验室，贵阳５５０００２）关键词锡石溶解度二氧化硅的络合作用迁移形式前人对锡在流体中迁移形式的实验研究和热力学计算表明，锡（Ⅱ）的多种氯络合物是高温...     

Spatiotemporal aspects of silica buffering in restored tidal marshes

Losses of pelagic diatom production resulting from silica limitation have not only been blamed for toxic algal blooms, but for the reduction in ability of coastal food webs to support higher trophic levels. Recent research has shown the importance of advective seepage water fluxes of dissolved silica (DSi) from freshwater marshes to pelagic waters during moments of riverine Si-limitation. In this study, we investigated the potential impact of recently installed new tidal areas along the Schelde estuary, located in former polder areas and characterized by so-called controlled reduced tidal regimes (CRT). Nine mass-balance studies were conducted in a newly constructed CRT in the freshwater Schelde estuary. During complete tidal cycles both DSi and amorphous silica (ASi) concentrations were monitored at the entrance culverts and in different habitats in the marsh. A swift DSi-delivery capacity was observed despite the shifted spatiotemporal frame of exchange processes compared to reference marshes. As silica-accumulating vegetation is not yet present, and difference with reference marshes’ deliveries is surprisingly small, we indicate diatomaceous debris and phytoliths to be the main silica source. Although further research is necessary on the driving forces of the different processes involved, restoration of former agricultural areas under CRT-regime provide the potential to buffer silica in the estuary.     

青海湖沉积物生物硅的环境意义初步研究

湖泊沉积物中生物硅含量的变化已经被广泛应用于评价湖泊生产力和古气候变化研究,但大型湖泊不同位置生物硅含量的时空变化及其与环境要素之间的关系仍缺乏详细的现代过程研究。通过对青海湖不同位置表层沉积样品的生物硅含量测定,建立其空间分布模式及最近数百年生物硅含量的时间序列。结果表明,青海湖表层沉积物生物硅含量变化范围是1.75 ％ ~2.98 ％ ,平均值为2.25 ％ 。与世界其他湖泊相比,青海湖生物硅含量处于相对较低水平,可能与其特殊的地理位置和气候条件有关。青海湖生物硅含量的空间分布规律与沉积物质量堆积速率以及陆源组分含量(如SiO2)相反,而与化学/生物沉积组分(如CaCO3)含量的空间分布规律大体一致,说明生物硅的空间分布受到陆源碎屑物质的"稀释效应"影响。时间序列上,生物硅含量与SiO2含量呈相反变化趋势,与指示降雨量变化的 C/N 比值也是反相变化,说明生物硅含量在时间序列上也受与气候条件密切相关的陆源输入的影响。青海湖湖心低沉积速率区域的生物硅指标具有指示古气候变化的潜力。     

岩石圈居里等温面解释的若干问题

介绍了利用区域磁测资料计算居里等温面的几种常用方法。对影响居里等温面的几个重要因素,诸如区域异常的选择、滑动窗口的尺度选择等进行了理论分析。根据影响岩石居里点温度的各种因素,提出评估居里等温面计算精度的方法。给出居里等温面在区域负磁异常起因、油气资源预测、成矿作用与物性界面关系等方面的应用     

Shock metamorphism on the moon

Shock metamorphism of the lunar samples is discussed. All types of lunar glasses formed by various-size collision-type impact are found as impact glass, ropy glass and agglutinates. The agglutinates bonded by crystal and glassy materials contain hydrogen and helium from the solar wind components. Lunar shocked minerals of plagioclase and silica show anomalous compositions and densities. There are typical two formation processes on planetary materials formed by shock events; that is (1) shocked quartz formed by silica-rich target rocks (esp. on evolved planets of the Earth and Mars), and (2) shocked silica with minor Al contents formed from plagioclase-rich primordial crusts of the Moon. The both shocked silica grows to coarse-grain normal crystals after high-temperature metamorphism which cannot distinguish the original main formation event of impact process.     

多窗口集成交互设计系统在输电线路路径优化中的研究与应用

针对输电线路设计的特点提出了一种基于计算机技术和全数字摄影测量技术的路线交互设计思想及实现途径,利用多视窗技术,借助数字高程模型的有力支撑,实现了将输电线路的立体影像、正射影像、平断面排位、3维漫游集成于同一界面下的不同窗口中对比显示并进行交互设计。