精密导线网平面位移监测应用与分析

本文综述了某个大型工程平面变形监测的情况,用严密导线网成功地测定了平面位移,监测精度优于±3mm。     

CONCENTRATION AND FLUX OF CO2, TURBULENCE FLUXES AND RADIATION BALANCE IN THE NEAR SURFACE LAYER OVER WHEAT FIELD

The gradient of CO₂ concentration, photosynthetically active radiation(PAR). net radiation.soil heat flux, profiles of wind speed, and air temperature and humidity were measured above a wheat field during May and June 1985 at Beijing Agro-Ecosystems Experimental Station. Beijing,China. Fluxes of carbon dioxide, sensible heat, latent heat and momentum were calculated by using the aerodynamic method. The observation site. equipment, calibration techniques, the errors associated with the measurement, and the computational procedures are described. The results show that the diurnal variations of amplitude of CO₂ concentrations were 103.8 to 27. 0.86. 3 to 22.8 and 69.8 to 11.6 ppm:the average CO₂ concentrations were 331.5. 339.9 and 364.6 ppm for the photosynthesis type, and 369.6. 364.0 and 375.2 ppm for the respiration type at 1. 2 and 10 m above surface, respectively, from May 14 to June 15. In the daytime, transfer direction of the CO₂ fluxes and gradients is from air to crop canopy, and at noon(1100 to 1300 BT(Beijing Time)) the transfer rate reaches negative maximum value. At night, transfer of CO₂ fluxes and gradients is in the reversed direction and reaches positive maximum in the early morning(0400 to 0600 BT). There are strong negative correlations between CO₂ flux and the net radiation(R_n),available energy(H+LE). photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) and momentum flux(τ).     

极射赤平投影中的数学方法

本文提供了严格依据赤平投影原理并利用空间解析几何知识推导出的公式计算方法，可以写出已知产状的线或面的赤平投影方程，也能计算两线所共的面，两面的交线，线或面之间的夹角以及它们的平分线或平分面，可以进行真倾斜和视倾斜的换算，倾斜和侧伏的换算；模拟线面绕轴的旋转以及恢复节理的原始产状；最后阐述用计算机进行节理统计和绘制极点等密图的原理。所用的向量表示方法直观表达了相关构造要素之间的空间关系，可用于计算机辅助教学，也能用于生产实践，精度可达0.01°。     

CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NET RADIATION IN THE EARTH-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM OVER CHINA*

Investigated are effects of the total cloudiness and other factors on earth-atmosphere net radiation(EANR) and analyzed is its relation to other components and ground surface net radiation in the context of ERBE and ISCCP.Evidence suggests that planetary scale albedo and earth-atmosphere short wave absorption radiation have maximum effect on the net radiation under study,with the influence of cloud and latitude displayed predominantly through the two factors;OLR has relatively weak effect;the earth-atmosphere net radiation is well correlated with surface net radiation.Analysis is also performed of the geographic distribution of the earth-atmosphere net radiation throughout China,and the annual curve of the net radiation on a local basis is marked by high(low) value in summer(winter) with the impact of factors.including total cloudiness responsible largely for the shift of the months with maximum.     

岩石质量指标(RQD)的各向异性分析

各向异性是工程岩体的重要工程特性, 岩石质量指标RQD具明显的各向异性。本文运用结构面网络模拟技术, 通过结构面间距、倾角、相对夹角以及结构面组数的敏感性分析, 探讨了RQD的各向异性规律。结合实际工程应用, 提出正确引用RQD指标的建议。     

粮食作物产量估算方法研究

文章分析了我国自然植被净第一生产力的分布状况和粮食作物生物量的时空变化，以及自然植被净第一生产力与粮食作物生物量的关系，并在此基础上，提出一种我为粮食作物产量的估算的方法。     

祁连山青海云杉林辐射平衡研究

研究了青海云杉林的辐射平衡，表明青海云杉林冠辐射平衡各分量在总辐射中所占的比例为；反射辐射１２．０７％，净长波辐射２９．４６％，净全辐射５８．４７％，辐射平衡各分量与总辐射线性回归，相关紧密；青海云杉林林内总辐射林外减少７１．０２％，林内净辐射变幅小于林冠层。     

点源三维地形视电阻率的计算

利用格林公式及点源场的边界条件,将地下半空间位函数的体积积分变为地面位函教的积分方程以后,用边界元方法解此积分方程便可得到地面各节点的电位值。其计算精度和速度取决于剖分方式和节点密度。本文采用变网格的剖分方式,用较少的点实现了计算,并兼顾了精度和速度。     

一种基于自适应谐振理论的TM遥感影像神经网络分类器

提出了一种基于自适应谐振理论建立起来的自组织模糊ARTMAP神经网络分类器。分析了ART神经网络的结构和工作原理,给出模糊ARTMAP神经网络分类的具体算法,并将其运用到TM遥感影像分类的实验中。结果表明模糊ARTMAP神经网络分类器的速度快,精度高,比常用的BP网络具有更好的性能。     

基于跟踪站模式下的GPS技术应用

随着GPS卫星轨道精度的提高、数据处理模型和方法的完善、软件的可视化、仪器性能的改善与性价比的提高,GPS技术在我国得到了广泛应用与发展。在构建空间数据基础框架之际,全国各地正在建立或改造GPS网。针对经典建网方法,介绍了基于跟踪站模式下的GPS技术,并以实例对数据处理方案、观测时间的选取进行了分析和比较。