Radiative effects on torrential rainfall during the landfall of Typhoon Fitow (2013)

Cloud microphysical and rainfall responses to radiative processes are examined through analysis of cloud-resolving model sensitivity experiments of Typhoon Fitow(2013) during landfall.The budget analysis shows that the increase in the mean rainfall caused by the exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds corresponds to the decrease in accretion of raindrops by cloud ice in the presence of radiative effects of ice clouds,but the rainfall is insensitive to radiative effects of water clouds in the absence of radiative effects of ice clouds.The increases in the mean rainfall resulting from the removal of radiative effects of ice clouds correspond to the enhanced net condensation.The increases(decreases) in maximum rainfall caused by the exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds in the presence(absence) of radiative effects of ice clouds,or the removal of radiative effects of ice clouds in the presence(absence) of radiative effects of water clouds,correspond mainly to the enhancements(reductions) in net condensation.The mean rain rate is a product of rain intensity and fractional rainfall coverage.The radiation-induced difference in the mean rain rate is related to the difference in rain intensity.The radiation-induced difference in the maximum rain rate is associated with the difference in the fractional coverage of maximum rainfall.     

GPCAD在矿山地质环境治理工程土石方计算中的应用

规划总图设计软件GPCAD是基于AUTOCAD软件开发的,用于城市总体规划、控制性详细规划,主要功能有地形处理、地形分析、土石方量计算等。GPCAD软件采用方格网法进行土石方量计算,本文介绍了规划总图设计软件GPCAD计算土石方的基本原理,介绍了方格网划分、零点位置计算和工程量计算公式。矿山地质环境问题主要包括地形地貌破坏、土地资源占压和生态破坏等,矿山开采过程中形成的大量废弃土石方是造成上述问题的根源。因此,矿山地质环境治理工程项目设计、施工通常涉及到大面积的地形整治工程和大规模土石方量的计算,本文结合矿山地质环境治理工程设计实例,通过计算范围确定、方格网布设、自然标高采集、设计标高设定,介绍了各步骤的操作方法,运用GPCAD进行大规模土石方量计算,计算得出区块土石方挖、填方量和净方量。     

基于高铁余票数据的客流分析模型研究

针对高铁余票的时间性和相对性两个特点,提出在特定时间点上利用相邻高铁站点间余票量不受其他高铁站点购票影响的特点,建立了高铁站点的上下净客流量分析模型。重点阐述了模型实现的5个关键技术:余票抓取规则、大数据量处理、异步访问控制、系统容错机制以及数据读取分析。最后,以常州市的几个高铁站为例做具体说明。     

复杂区域内自动联结三角网方法研究

本文对传统的自动联结三角网方法进行了改进，建立了区域的内、外边界，在三角形网的扩展中增加了边界限制，将自动联结三角网方法推广到凹多边形区域和多联通区域，提高了联网速度。     

珠江伶仃河口湾及邻近内陆架的纵向环流与物质输运分析

根据实测资料分析了珠江伶仃河口湾与邻近内陆架在不同径流影响下的水体混合空间状态和季节变化特征。主要由河口湾表、中层冲淡水和内陆架底层上溯的高盐补偿流构成了河口湾和内陆架之间的净环流,在高径流量和西南大风的情况下,环流下移向内陆架扩展增强。计算表明,7月纵断面上的净环流输运是盐分纵向净通量的控制因素,输运方向指向上游,而其余季节则以向海的净平流输运为主。悬沙净通量主要受净平流及潮抽吸输运控制,潮抽吸输运强度与大小潮有较密切关系。     

前进波作用下沙纹床面的净输沙方向与净输沙强度

在沙纹床面输沙过程中，假设水流从涡中取出并搬运的悬移质数量与推移质运动的沙星成比例，由12组细沙实验结果得到了沙纹床面净输沙的方向和输沙强度公式，并与他人的实验结果进行对比。     

潮间带垒石蒙网养鲍技术研究

在潮间带进行垒石蒙网养鲍试验，４个岩礁区共设置１３６个石垛，放养壳长１．３￣３．０厘米的鲍５５．１万只，经１８个月养殖，共产商品鲍１９．２５４吨，平均亩产１３９７．８公斤，平均壳长６．８１厘米，成活率８９．６％，实现产值６９３．１４４万元，利润３５２．８１万元。该成果１９９６年被评为青岛市科技进步三等奖。     

Coupling SEBAL with a new radiation module and MODIS products for better estimation of evapotranspiration

ABSTRACT

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important ecohydrological process especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, a new radiation module based on MODIS data has been coupled with the Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land (SEBAL) to better estimate ET. The accuracies of the coupled model for estimating available energy and sensible heat (H) were improved significantly compared with the outputs from the original SEBAL which was based on empirical equations. The coupled SEBAL modelled instantaneous λET agreed much better with observations in the arid land of Central Asia than the original SEBAL, with a bias of ?2.86 W m^-2, root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.75 W m^-2, and normalized RMSE (NRMSE) of 0.13. The accuracy was blurred when scaling ET to a daily or monthly scale, mainly due to the uncertainties associated with temporal upscaling methods that were applied. Sensitivity analysis, which was conducted using numerical variance-based techniques, indicated that the estimated ET is sensitive to the available energy, suggesting the importance of obtaining accurate estimates of net radiation when applying the coupled SEBAL to estimate ET. This study provides a simple and reliable way to utilize MODIS products and contains sensitivity analysis for helping to correctly interpret the outputs, which are both important for large-scale ET estimation.     

基于角色-业务-状态方法的工作流系统模型

工作流柔性是当前工作流技术研究的主要趋势。针对公文流转系统的特点，结合工作流柔性的需求，提出了一种基于角色-业务-状态方法的工作流系统模型，并研究了该模型的具体实现方案。