降水性层云含水量跃变对应的微结构观测研究

利用长春2007年5月16日的一次层状云降水过程的飞机观测资料,并结合天气图、卫星云图及雷达回波等资料,综合分析了此次降水过程中粒子浓度、粒子谱、雷达垂直累积液态水（vertical integrated liquidwater,VIL）、微波辐射计积分液态水（liquid water content,LWC）以及地面雨强特征。研究表明,层状云微结构在水平方向上的起伏较大,出现两次典型的含水量跃变：第1次液态水跃变主要是因为粒子浓度增加;第2次液态水跃变是因为粒子浓度和粒子谱共同作用的结果;雷达VIL值和地面雨强两者呈正相关。     

Displacement analytical prediction of shallow tunnel based on unified displacement function under slope boundary

For slope condition of ground surface, the asymmetrical deformation about the vertical center line and the horizontal center line of the tunnel cross section can be formed. A unified displacement function expressed by the Fourier series is presented to express the asymmetrical deformation of the tunnel cross section. Five basic deformation modes corresponding to the expansion order 2 are a complete deformation mode to reflect deformation behaviors of the tunnel cross section under slope boundary. Such this complete displacement mode is implemented into the complex variable solution for analytically predicting tunneling-induced ground deformation under slope boundary. All of these analytical solutions are verified by good agreements of the comparison between the analytical solutions and finite element method results. A parameter study is carried out to investigate the influence of deformation modes of the tunnel cross section, geometrical conditions of the tunnel and the slope angle, and “Buoyancy effect” on the displacement field. Finally, the proposed method is consistent with measured data of the Hejie tunnel in China qualitatively. The presented solution can provide a simplified indication for evaluating the ground deformation under slope condition of ground surface.     

近岸水平场地液化侧向大变形影响因素分析

利用改进的软化模量分析方法,对近岸水平场地液化侧向大变形进行数值计算,以研究地震波波形和幅值大小、液化、竖向地震动对侧向大变形的影响。结果表明:不同的地震波作用下,即使峰值加速度相同,液化程度与侧移距离也可能有较大不同,表现了土体变形的强非线性性质,但大地震下液化导致的侧移几乎都在米的量级上;计算区域中无液化区时,岸壁侧向永久位移很小,在几公分左右,随水平峰值加速度及不同地震动输入改变不大;计算区域中有液化区时,岸壁侧向永久位移显著增大,且随输入水平峰值加速度的增大而明显增大,其机理是强地震动使液化范围加大;水平竖向两向地震动输入与单独水平地震动输入相比,前者场地液化范围增大,平均增大42%,侧移量增加,平均增加37%。     

国道219线新-藏公路改建工程地质灾害评价

国道219线新-藏区界至红土达坂路段全长109．55km。大部分路段穿越湖盆槽谷中央部位，部分线路沿湖盆边缘台地布设，海拔高度介于5000-5400m之间，地势平坦开阔，多年冻土发育，工程地质条件较差；现有公路路基高度低，几乎没有排水设施。冬季易产生路基冻胀和涎流冰危害，春、夏季因冻土融化，常引起路基沉陷和翻浆，严重危害公路运输安全甚至阻断交通。公路工程修建活动将极大地改变冻土环境，使天然状态下的水分循环发生改变，导致多年冻土退化，上限加深，进一步诱发冻胀、融沉、热融滑塌等冻土灾害，加剧风沙灾害、诱发公路边坡失稳破坏。在即将进行的公路改、扩建工程中，应采取保护冻土的设计原则，优选线路，加强侧向排水，合理设置取弃土场。     

关于GeoMedia Professional坐标系统定义问题的探讨

介绍了GeoMedia Professional软件在油田地面工程数字化工作中的应用,并针对设置工作空间、数据库、特征类的坐标系统时容易混淆的问题,及该问题引起的不同数据库之间的坐标系统不一致,以及一个数据库中个别特征类的坐标系统参数不正确的情况进行了分析,同时总结了操作过程中需要注意的问题及解决方法。     

The effective number of cycles of earthquake ground motion

The seismic response of any system that accumulates damage under cyclic loading is dependent not only on the maximum amplitude of the motion but also its duration. This is explicitly recognized in methods for estimating the liquefaction potential of soil deposits. Many researchers have proposed that the effective number of cycles of the ground motion is a more robust indicator of the destructive capacity of the shaking than the duration. However, as is the case with strong‐motion duration, there is no universally accepted approach to determining the effective number of cycles of motion, and the different methods that have been proposed can give widely varying results for a particular accelerogram. Definitions of the effective number of cycles of motion are reviewed, classified and compared. Measurements are found to differ particularly for accelerograms with broad‐banded frequency content, which contain a significant number of non‐zero crossing peaks. The key seismological parameters influencing the number of cycles of motion and associated equations for predicting this quantity for future earthquakes are identified. Correlations between cycle counts and different duration measures are explored and found to be rather poor in the absence of additional parameters. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

强夯-降水联合加固饱和软粘土地基试验研究

针对强夯法加固饱和软粘土地基时超静孔压消散难和易出现“橡皮土”的问题,提出将强夯和井点降水技术结合起来,利用井点降水技术来加速夯后超静孔压的消散和软土固结,并结合上海市某集装箱堆场工程中土部为吹填细砂、下部为饱和软粘土的地基进行了现场试验研究,对加固过程以及加固后的土体变形、超静孔压变化、工艺参数、加固效果和加固后土体的时间效应以及强夯的加固机理等进行了分析和讨论。强夯和井点降水技术的合理结合进一步拓宽了井点降水和强夯法的应用范围,为我国沿海地区广为分布的软土地基的加固问题提供了新的途径。     

Ground motion characterization and seismic hazard assessment in Spain: context,problems and recent developments

This article points out some particular features conditioning seismic hazard assessments (SHA) in Spain, a region with low–moderate seismicity. Although sized earthquakes occurred in the past, as evidenced by historical documents and neotectonic studies, no large events occurred during the last decades. The absence of strong motion records corresponding to earthquakes with magnitude larger than 5.5 is an important obstacle for the development of ground motion models constrained by local data, with the consequent difficulty in SHA studies. In this paper, some recent developments aiming at providing solutions to these difficulties are presented. Specifically, a strong motion databank containing a massive collection of accelerograms and response spectra from different configurations source-path-site corresponding to earthquakes all over the world is introduced, together with software utilities for its management. A first application of this databank is the development of specific ground motion models for Spain and for the Mediterranean region that predict peak ground accelerations as a function of several definitions of magnitude, distance and soil class. The predictive power of these ground motion models is tested by contrasting their estimates with recently recorded ground motions. The comparison between our ground-motion models with others proposed in the literature for other areas reveals a regular overestimation of the expected ground motions at Spanish sites by the non-local models. Consequently, SHA studies based in external models may overestimate the predicted hazard at the Iberian sites. In the last part of the paper a method for checking whether the response spectra proposed in the Spanish Building Code (NCSE-02) are consistent with actual accelerometric data from recent low magnitude earthquakes is applied. The spectral shapes of the Spanish Building Code NCSE-02 are compared with the response spectral shapes deduced from the available accelerograms by normalising the response spectra with the recorded PGA. It is appreciated that the NCSE-02 spectral shapes are exceeded by a large number of actual spectral shapes for short periods (around 0.2 s), a result to be taken into account in further revisions of the NCSE-02 code. The issues tackled in this work constitute not only an improvement for ground-motion characterisation in Spain, but also provide guidelines of general interest for potential applications in other regions with similar seismicity.     

西安地铁四号线沿线地裂缝的灾害分析与对策研究

西安地裂缝是一种地区性的地质灾害现象。目前西安共发育有14条地裂缝。地铁四号线将穿越13条,给隧道施工造成了诸多考验。文章选取西安市地铁四号线沿线的地裂缝灾害作为研究对象。探讨了地裂缝对隧道工程的影响因素和致灾特点、以及相关的评估理论方法。最后针对地裂缝灾害特征以及工程特点提出若干防治措施,对于科学研究地裂缝的灾害特点、合理防治地裂缝的灾害发生具有一定的指导意义。