基于循环孔洞扩张模型的X型圆管节点超低周疲劳寿命预测

海洋工程钢结构在服役过程中,受风、浪、流或地震等极端循环载荷的影响,易发生超低周疲劳断裂破坏,造成人员伤亡及财产损失,因此超低周疲劳断裂分析及寿命预测对于海工结构安全性评估至关重要。然而,现阶段基于累积损伤理论提出的多种超低周疲劳寿命预测模型无法对多尺度节点实现统一预测,造成了实际工程应用的不便。因此文中基于循环孔洞扩张模型开展X型圆管节点超低周疲劳寿命预测。首先,开发了基于循环孔洞扩张模型的VUSDFLD程序,实现ABAQUS与FORTRAN子程序联合应用,利用有限元分析验证循环孔洞扩张模型在X型圆管节点超低周疲劳断裂分析中的有效性;其次,根据多组X型圆管节点超低周疲劳断裂有限元分析结果,在宏观层面提出了一种基于Manson-Coffin公式的超低周疲劳寿命预测公式;最后,依据Miner理论,将适用于等幅加载的超低周疲劳寿命公式扩展至变幅加载情况,验证了多种节点尺寸下超低周疲劳公式的适用性,为工程应用提供了理论依据。     

Coupling numerical simulation with remotely sensed information for the study of frozen soil dynamics

The acquisition of spatial-temporal information of frozen soil is fundamental for the study of frozen soil dynamics and its feedback to climate change in cold regions. With advancement of remote sensing and better understanding of frozen soil dynamics, discrimination of freeze and thaw status of surface soil based on passive microwave remote sensing and numerical simulation of frozen soil processes under water and heat transfer principles provides valuable means for regional and global frozen soil dynamic monitoring and systematic spatial-temporal responses to global change. However, as an important data source of frozen soil processes, remotely sensed information has not yet been fully utilized in the numerical simulation of frozen soil processes. Although great progress has been made in remote sensing and frozen soil physics, yet few frozen soil research has been done on the application of remotely sensed information in association with the numerical model for frozen soil process studies. In the present study, a distributed numerical model for frozen soil dynamic studies based on coupled water-heat transferring theory in association with remotely sensed frozen soil datasets was developed. In order to reduce the uncertainty of the simulation, the remotely sensed frozen soil information was used to monitor and modify relevant parameters in the process of model simulation. The remotely sensed information and numerically simulated spatial-temporal frozen soil processes were validated by in-situ field observations in cold regions near the town of Naqu on the East-Central Tibetan Plateau. The results suggest that the overall accuracy of the algorithm for discriminating freeze and thaw status of surface soil based on passive microwave remote sensing was more than 95%. These results provided an accurate initial freeze and thaw status of surface soil for coupling and calibrating the numerical model of this study. The numerically simulated frozen soil processes demonstrated good performance of the distributed numerical model based on the coupled water-heat transferring theory. The relatively larger uncertainties of the numerical model were found in alternating periods between freezing and thawing of surface soil. The average accuracy increased by about 5% after integrating remotely sensed information on the surface soil. The simulation accuracy was significantly improved, especially in transition periods between freezing and thawing of the surface soil.     

Revision of thickness design of cylindrical frozen walls considering frost heave

This paper outlines development of the thickness design of cylindrical frozen walls in artificial ground freezing (AFG). A plain strain mechanical model coupled with infinite surrounding soil and rock ...     

Use of fly ash with no water consumption for cold regions transportation infrastructure

The construction period in cold regions is very short due to problems related to excavation and use of frozen soils in embankment construction, which leads to excessive deformations upon thawing. Also, handling of compaction water is critical due to freezing temperatures. Coalburning thermal power plants are very common in cold regions to supply electricity. The inorganic part of the pulverized coal after burning produces fly ash, which is available in large volumes. Due to excavation difficulties and the poor engineering behavior of frozen soils in cold regions, the utilization of fly ash when it is readily available must be promoted. Any construction technique which utilizes alternative materials like fly ash and minimizes water consumption has a potential to extend the short construction season and even allow service and maintenance during extreme weather conditions. This paper presents two potential techniques to solve the moisture affinity of silt-sized materials like fly ash. One technique involves in-plant production of fly ash pellets using cold-bonding pelletization to manufacture aggregates of up to 40,000-μm diameter from 15- to 60-μm-diameter fly ash grains. Large disc pelletizers have annual production capacities of up to one million ton at a reasonable cost. The product has adequate strength for embankment construction even when no water is used and no compaction is applied. The second technique is an in situ mixing technique which uses snow instead of compaction water for fly ash. The snow is the main element in this technique to compact the embankment. Water is needed for the hydration reactions to form cementitious minerals in fly ash. The slower the hydration reaction, the greater the crystal growth of cementitious minerals. In the proposed technique, in situ snow is mixed with fly ash and is compacted on-site. The temperature increase due to the hydration reaction of fly ash upon contact with snow crystals provides water for continued long-term hydration, which results in high strength, a high void ratio, light weight, and high thermal insulation capability. The presented techniques have the potential to extend the short construction season in cold regions and will provide fill material, decreasing the need for excavation. Both techniques are well documented under laboratory conditions, the research results have been published, and the techniques are ready for field trials to assess implementability.     

长期循环荷载下冻土内部温度变化的试验研究

对-0.5、-1.0、-1.5 ℃三种温度下的冻土试样进行单轴循环压缩试验,每5秒测试一次试样内部的温度,得到了不同振动频率、动应力幅值下冻土试样内部温度随振动时间变化的曲线。结果表明：在循环荷载作用下冻土内部温度会升高,动应力幅值越大,温升速率越大;在一定动应力幅值范围内,随着振动频率的增大,温升速率增大;温升幅值受土样是否破坏以及达到破坏的时间长短影响,在一定动应力幅值下,适中的某一振动频率下其内部温升幅值最大;冻土试样的破坏受其内部温度升高的影响,如果冻土试样内部温度不断升高,试样最后将会发生破坏;而不会破坏的试样内部温度升高到一定值后保持稳定或开始下降,这是由于试样和所处环境之间的热交换引起的     

秦皇岛中央河畔结构设计

高层建筑结构大面积地库设计时,概念设计的重要性,控制单体建筑规则性,避免超限设计;地库与主楼相连对主楼的影响,对地基基础的分析,通过设置后浇带等手段解决高低层的沉降问题。介绍大面积地库的裂缝预防措施等设计方法,最终实现结构设计。     

中国冰冻圈水文过程变化研究新进展

冰冻圈显著的变化已经对冰冻圈水文过程产生了一系列影响。本文重点梳理和分析了近20年，尤其是近10年以冰川融水、融雪径流、冻土水文等为主体的中国冰冻圈水文过程变化研究方面取得的新进展：①在冰川融水变化研究方面，对不同尺度的冰川融水开展了全面研究，发现冰川融水呈现全面增加之势；对冰川融水"拐点"是否出现进行了科学辨识，有了基本认识；对冰川融水过程进行了模型模拟，取得显著进展。②在融雪径流变化研究方面，通过对不同流域融雪径流估算，可基本掌握各河流的融雪贡献率；中国融雪径流变化差异较大，增减不一；融雪期变化具有普遍性，突出特点是峰值提前。③在冻土水文研究方面，通过对地表水-活动层壤中流-多年冻土层上水之间关系的研究，揭示了冻土区径流形成的重力和热力耦合机制；多年冻土变化对地表径流的影响已经显现，主要表现在冬季（枯水季）径流增加；已经发现多年冻土退化对径流有直接补给作用，在一些流域补给量可能达到一定量级。     

喀什地区1961—2010年最大冻土深度变化

利用1961～2010年喀什地区所属喀什市、莎车县、巴楚县、塔什库尔干县等4个代表性站50a的年最大冻土深度、冬季平均气温、极端最低气温、极端最低地温等资料,采用气候趋势系数和气候倾向率方法,对1961年以来喀什地区最大冻土深度变化进行了分析。结果表明,喀什地区平原多年平均最大冻土深度为48.1 cm,年际最大值与最小值深度差为82cm,随年际变化总体呈明显的减小趋势,其变化倾向率为-3.8cm/10a,年代际变化呈阶梯状逐渐减小,冻土深度减小主要受冬季平均气温升高的影响,气温每升高1℃,冻土深度减小7.75 cm;山区多年平均最大冻土深度为148.8cm,年际最大值与最小值深度差为88cm,随年际变化总体呈明显的减小趋势,其变化倾向率为-2.5cm/10a。     

碎石盲沟在冻土滑坡治理中的应用研究

针对冻土区滑坡稳定性的特点,分析了冻融滑坡的成因和渗水盲沟法提高边坡稳定性的原理。通过采用碎石盲沟法对泽根滑坡整体稳定性的治理,证明了该方法能有效防治滑坡后缘冻土的破坏,提高滑坡的稳定性,达到了较好的工程治理效果。     

油页岩原位开采地下冷冻墙缓冲距离研究

油页岩原位高温开采,需要在矿区周边建立地下冷冻墙以阻止地下水的流入,防止油气的泄漏。油页岩的高温开采区与地下冷冻墙的冷冻区之间的缓冲距离影响油岩页的开采效果及地下冷冻墙的制冷效果,也影响整个工程的施工成本及运行费用。采用理论计算、数值模拟分析的方法,以最低成本为目标,对合理的缓冲距离进行了详细计算与分析,确定出了合理的缓冲距离,为油页岩高温开采地下冷冻墙的设计提供了理论指导。