Probing the deep critical zone beneath the Luquillo Experimental Forest,Puerto Rico

Recent work has suggested that weathering processes occurring in the subsurface produce the majority of silicate weathering products discharged to the world's oceans, thereby exerting a primary control on global temperature via the well‐known positive feedback between silicate weathering and CO₂. In addition, chemical and physical weathering processes deep within the critical zone create aquifers and control groundwater chemistry, watershed geometry and regolith formation rates. Despite this, most weathering studies are restricted to the shallow critical zone (e.g. soils, outcrops). Here we investigate the chemical weathering, fracturing and geomorphology of the deep critical zone in the Bisley watershed in the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory, Puerto Rico, from two boreholes drilled to 37.2 and 27.0 m depth, from which continuous core samples were taken. Corestones exposed aboveground were also sampled. Weathered rinds developed on exposed corestones and along fracture surfaces on subsurface rocks slough off of exposed corestones once rinds attain a thickness up to ~1 cm, preventing the corestones from rounding due to diffusion limitation. Such corestones at the land surface are assumed to be what remains after exhumation of similar, fractured bedrock pieces that were observed in the drilled cores between thick layers of regolith. Some of these subsurface corestones are massive and others are highly fractured, whereas aboveground corestones are generally massive with little to no apparent fracturing. Subsurface corestones are larger and less fractured in the borehole drilled on a road where it crosses a ridge compared with the borehole drilled where the road crosses the stream channel. Both borehole profiles indicate that the weathering zone extends to well below the stream channel in this upland catchment; hence weathering depth is not controlled by the stream level within the catchment and not all of the water in the watershed is discharged to the stream. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

四川省甘孜州康定县高原地热井施工工艺

康定县地热资源丰富,但开发利用少,仅2008-2009年由四川省地质工程勘察院在中谷地区实施地热勘探井2口,钻探深度共计184.96m。DZK02井是部署在四川省雅拉河中上游热水塘区块地热资源大盖沟沟口雅拉河右岸一级阶地上的第一口预探井,设计井深2 000m。钻井施工主要面临地层倾角大、地层出水量大、温度高、岩性破碎等施工难题。施工队伍采用螺杆纠斜、清水控压等钻井工艺,圆满完成了该井的施工任务。为该地区地热水的开发利用进行了有益的尝试。     

复合胎体金刚石钻头试验研究

为解决坚硬岩层钻进效率低下,研究设计一种复合胎体金刚石钻头,在软岩层进尺快,在硬岩层亦能获得相对较高的钻进速度,突破了单靠降低胎体硬度的传统设计理念,获得了满意钻进效率。     

宿县矿区太原组灰岩岩溶发育特征

为发现宿县矿区太原组灰岩岩溶发育特征,通过对矿区内太原组灰岩厚度、钻孔岩芯岩溶发育形态描述以及井下钻、物探等资料的分析,得出太原组灰岩岩溶在平面上的分布特征为：宿东向斜内整体上来说岩溶发育较差,位于宿南向斜内的桃园煤矿岩溶发育好,祁南矿、祁东矿岩溶较发育,祁南深部、龙南及龙北矿岩溶发育较差,邹庄矿、钱营孜矿和骑路孙矿岩溶发育差;太原组灰岩岩溶在垂向上的分布特征为：在整个矿区内三、四灰岩溶发育程度和灰岩富水性较一、二灰强。     

GPS RTK技术在竹溪岭矿区地质勘查测量中的应用

主要通过宁国竹溪岭矿区地质矿产勘查测量生产实践,一是介绍了GPS静态定位布设矿区平面控制网的内容,二是介绍了RTK技术在工程点布设、勘探线剖面测量和地质工程点测量等应用情况进行分析。     

安徽省地质工作项目钻探工程质量情况调查及相关对策

通过实地调查,基本对全省地质工作项目钻探工程质量总体情况有了全面掌握,对待存在问题,认为钻探队伍建设是关键,其次是从不同层次加强质量管理,从三级质量管理制度上严格要求,同时应提高质量意识。     

哈达门沟深孔钻探施工技术

以内蒙古哈达门沟柳坝沟2000 m深孔钻进为例,总结了武警黄金部队近几年在深孔施工中遇到的难题以及解决难题所采取的技术措施,介绍了冲洗液的选择与配制、钻进三大参数选择、施工技术措施的研究等。     

宁晋—辛集勘探区2-1盐井的施工

随着岩心钻探深度的不断加大,使得起下钻等辅助时间增多,提高单回次钻进效率势在必行。在钻井设备没有大范围更新的前提下,针对宁晋-辛集地区盐岩取心钻探的难点,开展了井身结构优化、不取心井段快速钻进、盐水钻井液体系及盐岩层安全取心等配套技术研究,并在现场实践中得到了成功应用,为该区进行盐岩井钻探施工提供借鉴。     

MDES2000型微钻实验装置的研制

MDES2000型微钻实验装置可模拟真实钻进情况,可开展岩石研磨性与可钻性试验、金刚石钻头性能参数及寿命试验、优化钻进规程参数试验等室内的各种微钻实验研究工作。该实验装置可通过手动或程序控制完成模拟钻进工作,能够实现钻进过程中各项钻进参数（钻压、钻速、扭矩、转速及进尺）的监测、采集、处理及存储功能,还可建立钻进参数报表文件数据库。该实验装置对岩心钻探研究工作具有很好的实际指导意义。     

关于金刚石钻进工艺优化几个问题的研究

孕镶金刚石钻头钻进时,孔底所剩岩屑数量直接影响钻进是否处于正常状态,正确设计岩屑规程可以保证钻头正常钻进。计算和实验证明,冲洗液流在钻进过程确实产生空化气蚀现象,对钻头磨损有严重影响。设计各个通道过水面积相等的钻头,可以基本解决这个问题。应该保证供给的冲洗液量与机械钻速之比保持在合理的范围内。