Direct observation of frost wedging in alpine bedrock

Width and temperature of rock joints were automatically monitored in the Japanese Alps. Three years of monitoring on a sandstone rock face shows two seasonal peaks of joint widening in autumn and spring. The autumn events are associated with short‐term freeze–thaw cycles, and the magnitude of widening reflects the freezing intensity and water availability. The short‐term freezing can produce wedging to a depth of at least 20 cm. The spring events follow a rise in the rock surface temperature to 0 °C beneath the seasonal snowcover, and likely originate from refreezing of meltwater entering the joint. Some of these events contribute to permanent enlargement of the joint. Two other joints on nearby rock faces experience only sporadic widening accompanying freeze–thaw cycles and insignificant permanent enlargement. Observations indicate that no single thermal criterion can explain frost weathering. The temperature range at which wedging occurs varies with the bedrock conditions, water availability and duration of freezing. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantitative study of a rapidly weathering overhang developed in an artificially wetted sandstone cliff

Those factors controlling the weathering and erosion of sandstone on the field scale are still not well understood. In this study, a specific sandstone overhang (and its surroundings) with artificially induced and extremely high erosion rates was subjected to a complex investigation. Contrast between the erosion rate of the wet and dry portions of the same cliff enabled isolation of the factors responsible for rapid sandstone retreat. Erosion rates, moisture, and salt content, as well as suction were monitored in the field. Mineral phases and water chemistry were analyzed. The measurement of tensile strength, laboratory frost weathering tests, and numerical modeling of stress were performed. The acquired data show that an increase of moisture content in pores in the area of the studied overhang decreased tensile strength of the sandstone to 14% of its dry value, and increases the sandstone weathering and erosion rate, by nearly four orders of magnitude, compared to the same sandstone under natural moisture conditions outside of the cliff area. Consequently, frost weathering, in combination with wetting weakening was found to play a major role in weathering/erosion of the sandstone cliff and overhang. Frost weathering rate in both the laboratory and field increases up to 15 times with decreasing gravity‐induced stress. The results also indicate that sandstone landforms in temperate climates may potentially develop very rapidly if the pore space is nearly saturated with water, and will later remain relatively stable when the moisture content decreases. As a general implication, it is suggested that overhangs in Central Europe (and elsewhere) might be the result of rapid frost weathering of nearly saturated sandstone during the Last Glacial. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大兴安岭植被变绿速率对霜冻的响应研究

气候变暖降低了霜冻发生的频率,但生长季延长使植被更容易暴露在霜冻中.同时,植被物候和光合初级生产力的变化导致植被变绿速率发生改变.大兴安岭是中国对气候变化最为敏感和最早做出响应的地区之一,该区域霜冻对不同植被变绿速率的影响还未得到充分研究.论文使用NOAA气候数据记录归一化植被指数数据,分析了 1982-2019年大兴...     

黑龙江省初霜冻分布特征及典型个例分析

利用1971-2008年黑龙江省80个观测站的霜冻资料进行统计分析,总结出霜冻的分布特征。并且对2001年9月21日出现在黑龙江省的典型的霜冻天气过程进行分析,得出:本次过程是由贝加尔湖宽广脊前偏北气流引导极地冷空气南下,从而影响黑龙江省。地面为稳定少动的高压系统控制,天气晴好,风力较小,湿度小,晴空静风有利于地面辐射降温,从而造成黑龙江省南部地区出现了大范围的霜冻。     

云开大山冬季热量资源利用

云开大山位于南亚热带南缘,种植亚热带作物热量有余,种热带作物常常不能安全越冬。为了合理利用地形环境,本文分析了山地环境避寒原理,给出了平流型寒害的综合表达指标,根据不同地形环境,提出了作物合理种植的建议。     

Numerical simulation of vibrational response characteristics of railway subgrades with insulation boards

This study presents a numerical method based on the surface temperature data and the ground temperature increase in Daqing for predicting temperature field distribution in the Binzhou Railway subgrade and analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of freeze?thaw status of railway subgrade.The calibrated numerical method is applied to simulate the temperature field distribution and roadbed vibrational response of the railway subgrade with a thermal insulation layer at different seasons.The results show the following:(1)The thermal insulation layer can remarkably increase the soil temperature below it and maximum frost depth in the subgrade.(2)Thermal insulation can effectively reduce the subgrade vibration and protect it from frost damage.(3)Given that the strength requirements are met,the insulation layer should be buried as shallow as possible to effectively reduce the subgrade vibration response.The research findings provide theoretical support for the frost damage prevention of railway subgrades in seasonally frozen regions.     

Study on preventing frost heave methods for highway foundation in seasonal frozen area

In order to resolve the frost-heave problem of highway foundation, firstly, the author discussed the law to frost heave of highway roadbed and gave an analysis on its influencing factors, such as soil, water and temperature. Meanwhile, sand clay and silt are given a classification according to frost heave ratio. Secondly, the roadbed frozen damage shows to frost heave and froze boiling based on the frost heave law and its influencing factors. In addition, taking some highway as an example and some principle suggestion was given through the theory on providing frostbite methods for highway foundation frost heave in seasonal frozen area. Specially, an effective method, STYROFOAM extruded polystyrene foam was introduced.     

冻土区埋地油气管道应变监测及预报系统

简述了冻土灾害对埋地油气管道的影响。重点阐述了冻土区埋地油气管道基于应变的监测和评价方法。介绍了应变监测预报系统的开发及在漠大输油管道的应用。在此基础上提出:管道应变监测及其分析评价技术是保证管道安全运行的有效措施之一;通过建立应变监测预报系统,可以有效辅助管道的运行维护和管道地质灾害的减灾治理。     

季冻土区临水轻台结构冻拔特征分析及防治

为探索季冻土区临水轻台结构冻拔冻害破坏机理,测试套筒防冻拔冻害技术的有效性,以长春某临水轻台群为研究对象,选择基土自然冻胀轻台结构与装有套筒防冻拔冻害装置的试验轻台结构相对比,用精密水准仪观测二者的寒期竖向位移动态。结果表明：基土自然冻胀轻台结构出现了冻拔位移冻害,各观测年冻拔位移曲线随气温均呈"半驼峰型"姿态发展,对应观测年的持续降温-持续低温-持续升温-正温时段,冻拔位移呈下降-上升-下降-稳定的变化特征;冻土的冻拔力推动轻台桩上拔引发冻拔位移冻害。观测装有套筒防冻拔冻害装置的试验轻台结构发现,其竖向位移长期在±5 mm的小位移区间平位波动,比自然冻拔轻台结构的平均冻拔位移减小了98%,表明套筒装置隔离了冻拔力对轻台结构的冻拔作用,冻拔位移冻害被有效遏制。勘验装有套筒防冻拔冻害装置的试验轻台结构,未发生"错动""台板拉裂"等典型冻拔位移冻害,印证了套筒防冻害装置对防治轻台结构冻拔位移冻害有实效。