Internal wave characteristics in the eastern Arabian Sea during summer monsoon

The time series BT profiles and surface winds and atmospheric pressure, collected in the deep waters off Ratnagiri and Karwar during summer monsoon were utilized to document the characteristics of internal waves (IW). Low-frequency (≤2, cycle per day (cpd)) IW off Ratnagiri are found to propagate at 83 cm/s with wavelengths of 45 km and wave heights upto 40 m. These parameters for high-frequency (>2 cpd) IW off Karwar correspond to 99 cm/s, 3 km and 23 m. The IW off Karwar appear to leave the station at 70° (±10°) (measured from the horizontal). The data sets were further analysed to address the harmonic composition of the IW and identify the possible sources for the observed IW fields. Power spectra of the IW indicated energy peaks at inertial (0·6 cpd) and tidal (1 and 2 cpd) frequencies off Ratnagiri and in the high-frequency band of 0·5–2·0 cycles per hour off Karwar. The coherence between the IW and wind/tide is found to be good at several frequencies within the IW spectrum. This feature probably suggests tides as a source for the IW of tidal frequencies and winds and tides as a joint source for the IW at the remaining frequencies.     

The historic and artistic heritage facing the earthquake risk: The Italian case

The problem of protection against earthquakes in Italy is made difficult by the presence of a huge historic and artistic heritage. Such a heritage is mainly made up of ancient buildings and monuments situated in the urban centres, which are densely distributed throughout Italy. Therefore, very complex problems are met in the determination of the value parameter concurring with the determination of seismic risk, in addition to hazard and vulnerability. An indication of the monetary value of a building is not sufficient as far as the cultural heritage is concerned: different criteria are necessary in order to distinguish which are the strategic buildings. If we consider that there are more than 2000 museums in Italy, most of which are placed inside historic buildings, it appears that museums should receive the highest priority in future initiatives for seismic rehabilitation.     

夏季赤道东太平洋海温异常对全球及东亚短期气候变化影响的数值试验

本文应用中国科学院大气物理研究所设计的两层大气环流模式（IAP-AGCM）研究了夏季赤道东太平洋地区负的海温异常对全球大气及赤道太平洋地区和东亚局地短期气候变化的影响，着重分析了海温异常（SSTA）所造成的降水、高度场、风场以及赤道太平洋地区海表感热和潜热输送等一些物理场的异常，并对赤道东太平洋海温异常影响全球及赤道太平洋和东亚局地短期气候变化的物理机制进行了探讨，得到了一些有意义的结果。     

运城地区水氟回升原因及重病区水氟有效值的确定

本文介绍了山西省运城地区十年改水的基本情况，指出了改水井口氟加升的主要原因，探讨了有别于国家饮水标准的重病区水氟防治有效值的确定方法、并对今后的降氟改水工作提出了几点意见。     

减小水平分量磁变仪记录非线性的技术措施

讨论了减小水平分量磁变仪记录非线性的技术措施。选择适宜的标度值(C/M)、选取适当的入射角α_0、选择适当的记录距离R是改善水平分量磁变仪记录状态的主要途径。文中对比作了具体分析。     

云南破坏性地震与气象要素的关系

本文认为云南破坏性地震与降水和地面气温之间有着密切的关系。在雨季,震中位于发震前一月内降水分布高值中心附近,发震前半月内震中均有中雨以上的降水出现,且其中出现大～暴雨的概率为60%,发震前一月内震中降水量比同期多,年平均值偏高,震前半月内地面平均气温距平值的高值中心总是位于震中附近。而在干季则恰恰与此相反,即震中位于降水分布低值区,发震前后降水都很少,震中降水量比同期多年平均偏低,震前半月内地面平均气温距平值的高值中心总是位于震中下风方向约120km处。这些结果对提高震前短期预报水平具有现实意义。     

震级——频度关系的b值谱及其在地震预报中的应用

本文引进了震级——频度关系的b值谱的概念,给出了计算b值谱的矩方法,对我国华北和西北地区分别计算和分析了以半年为单位的不同时段M_L≥3.0地震的b值谱线。所得结果表明,在研究区内发生6级左右以上大震前半年至一年半之内,b值谱的形态要出现较明显的前兆异常变化,因而可在地震预报中加以应用。     

邢台震后应力状态余震及频度的关系

通过对邢台及邻区永年台应力的计算和对余震、余震频度关系的分析,表明邢台强烈地震发生后,震中区应力稍小于外区应力;应力的变化和余震频度、强余震关系较明显.