人工冻结梁构件中不同加筋作用的对比试验研究

考虑土层冻结构件中冻结管的加筋作用,对于增加冻结构件强度,减小变形量,提高人工冻结支护工程经济效益有重要作用。为研究冻结管对人工冻结构件的加筋作用,通过淤泥质粘土人工冻结梁构件三点弯试验,获得了各级载荷下构件的位移值。根据对冻土梁加筋与否,构件特定力学响应的比较,完成了冻结管加筋作用的量化分析。     

青藏公路沿线多年冻土区活动层起始冻融时间的时空变化特征和影响因素

多年冻土区活动层冻融格局对气候系统、能量平衡、水文过程和生态系统有重要的影响,地表冻融时间是反映冻融格局时空变化的重要指标。为了探明多年冻土区活动层起始冻融时间的影响因素和机制,通过对青藏公路沿线8个典型活动层观测场地表起始融化时间（OOT）和起始冻结时间（OOF）进行研究,分析了不同观测场起始冻融时间的时空差异及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）青藏高原多年冻土区活动层起始融化主要发生在4月中下旬,起始冻结主要发生在10月中下旬。OOT的年际变化幅度远大于OOF,每年起始冻结的发生较起始融化更为准时。（2）起始融化发生时的气温普遍比起始冻结发生时高1~4℃。气温对OOT的影响要比对OOF大,其中OOT的变化主要与春季气温有关,冬季气温对其影响不大。（3）植被和土壤水分对OOT和OOF有重要调节作用,土壤含水率越高,植被状况越好,起始融化和冻结的发生时间往往越迟。（4）在起始融化和冻结阶段,厚度较大和持续时间较长的积雪对地温变化有明显的抑制作用,对OOT和OOF有延迟作用。     

Simulation of frozen ground distribution in northeast China based on a surface frost number model

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Against the background of global warming, environmental and ecological problems caused by frozen ground degradation have become a focus of attention for the...     

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY FOR ABNORMAL FREEZING RAINS AND SNOWSTORMS IN SOUTHERN CHINA IN EARLY 2008

A quantitative diagnosis is carried out for the upward branch of a local meridional circulation over southern China(SC) during the abnormal snowstorms with severe freezing rain from 10 January to 3 February 2008.The diagnostic study shows that the upward branch is mainly associated with the zonal advection of westerly momentum and meridional temperature advection instead of the latent heating(which is commonly the dominant factor in many other storm cases).The corresponding weather analyses indicate that(1) the zonal advection of westerly momentum represents the effect of the upper-level divergence on the anticyclone-shear side in the entrance of a 200 hPa westerly jet with a westward deviation from its climatological location over southwestern Japan;(2) the meridional temperature advection represents the interaction between the mid-lower layer(850 to 400 hPa) warm advection over SC(ahead of temperature and pressure troughs with the latter trough deeper than the former in the Bay of Bengal) and cold advection over north China(steered by an underlying flow at 500 hPa);(3) the relatively weak vapor transport(compared to that of spring,summer and autumn) from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea to SC and the existence of a temperature inversion layer in the lower troposphere over SC diminish the effect of latent heating.With the significant increase of vapor transport after 24 January,the role of latent heating is upgraded to become the third positive contributor to the upward branch over SC.     

冻融循环作用下节理岩体锚固性能退化机理和模式

岩土锚固的长期性能和耐久性是当前岩土工程界普遍关注的热点问题,也是影响锚固工程长期安全性的关键问题之一。节理岩体存在不同尺度、程度的损伤和缺陷,为地下水的存储和运移提供场所和通道。当达到孔隙水和裂隙水的冻结温度时,岩体中产生冻胀,并伴随着水分迁移,影响锚固系统的锚固性能,在冻融循环作用下,引起锚固系统长期性能和耐久性的退化。依据孔隙介质的冻结理论,建立了砂浆、岩石、砂浆-钢筋和砂浆岩石接触面静水压力学模型,分析其冻结机理。在总结岩石冻融损伤劣化研究成果基础上,深入系统地分析了节理岩体锚固系统的冻融损伤劣化机理及其影响因素,并建立冻融循环作用下节理岩体锚固性能退化的6种模式及其数学模型。     

2011年初广西异常低温冰冻灾害成因分析

利用NECP再分析资料和Micaps站点资料,对2011-01-03-28广西地区出现的异常低温冰冻灾害过程的环流背景场、物理量场和影响系统等特征进行了分析.结果表明:1)此次过程的异常环流特征表现为中高纬倒Ω流型,低纬南支槽异常活跃,构成典型的“北脊南槽”形势,有利于北方冷空气与南方暖湿气流在广西地区交汇;2)蒙古地面冷高压强度较往年偏强,位置偏东、偏南,有利于地面冷空气的堆积和不断分裂南下,影响广西地区;3)逆温区主要位于桂北,长时间降水普遍以小到中雨为主,容易形成过冷水滴,造成冻雨灾害;4)华南静止     

青藏粉质黏土单向冻结冷生构造发育及冻胀发展过程试验研究

通过对青藏饱和粉质黏土进行开放条件下的单向冻结试验,并结合土样冻结过程的图像数据,分析土样在单向冻结过程中冷生构造的发育和冻胀变形的发展规律,得到以下结论：试样冻结稳定所需时间为26 h左右,基本不受顶板温度变化的影响,但土样冻结后形成不同冷生构造带的位置及薄厚与土样顶板温度（顶底板温度梯度）密切相关,顶板温度越低,微薄层状和薄层状构造带的厚度越大,最暖端厚层冰透镜体以及未冻土部分整体状构造带的厚度越小。研究结果还表明,土样的冻胀变形经历了快速冻胀、稳定冻胀和线性冻胀3个阶段,其中线性冻胀阶段是冻胀发展最快的阶段,也是冰透镜体生长最快的阶段。研究成果揭示了土样单向冻结过程中冷生构造发育和冻胀发展的动态过程,为冻胀机制的认识以及冻胀模型的建立与验证提供了试验基础。     

1961-2010年新疆季节性最大冻土深度对冬季负积温的响应

基于新疆96个气象站1961-2010年的逐日平均气温和冻土深度资料,使用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检测以及基于ArcGIS的混合插值法,对新疆冬季负积温和季节性最大冻土深度的时空变化及其相互关系进行了分析. 结果表明：50 a来,新疆冬季负积温绝对值总体以51.5 ℃·d·(10a)^-1的倾向率减少,并于1985年发生了突变. 受其影响,最大冻土深度以-3.5 cm·(10a)^-1的倾向率减小,也于1988年发生了突变. 就全疆平均而言,1961-2010年,负积温每减少100 ℃·d,最大冻土深度将减小4.6 cm.但这种影响区域性差异显著,最大冻土深度减小量呈现"南疆小,北疆和天山山区大"的格局.南疆大部最大冻土深度对负积温变化的响应相对较敏感,一般为-3.0~-12.7 cm·(100℃·d)^-1;北疆和天山山区响应的敏感性较小,多为0.0~-4.9 cm·(100℃·d)^-1,其成因很可能是北疆和天山山区冬季积雪较南疆厚,较厚的积雪所具有的低导热性和较大的容积热容减小了气候变暖对冻土热状况的影响.负积温减少、最大冻土深度变浅将改变土壤的水热物理性状,加剧土壤干化、草场退化以及土地的荒漠化,对新疆脆弱的生态环境产生更加不利的影响.因此,应根据最大冻土深度对负积温变化响应的实际,采取趋利避害的技术措施积极应对.     

1966-2004年青藏铁路沿线年冻结与融化指数的变化趋势

Annual freezing and thawing index of 7 meteorological stations along the Qing- hai-Xizang Railway were calculated based on daily maximum and minimum temperature records for 1966-2004. Trends of annual freezing and thawing index were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test and a simple linear regression method. The results show that： 1） The mean annual freezing indices range from 95 to 2300℃·d and the mean annual thawing indices range from 630 to 3250℃·d. The mean annual freezing index of the 7 stations exhibited decreasing trends with decreasing rate of -16.6- -59.1 ℃·d/10a. The mean annual thawing index of these 7 stations showed increasing trends with the related decreasing rate is 19.83-45.6℃·d/10a. 2） The MK trend test indicated the significant decreasing trends （significant at 〈 0.05 significant level） in the annual freezing index for most stations except for Golmud. The significant increasing trends can be observed in the annual thawing index for 4 stations except Golmud and Tuotuohe. Golmud was the only station with no trends in both annual freezing and annual thawing index.     

Anomalous winter temperature and precipitation events in southern China

This paper analyzed the anomalous low-temperature events and the anomalous rain-abundant events in January since 1951 and winter since 1880 for southern China.The anomalous events are defined using ±1σ thresholds.Twelve cold Januaries are identified where temperature anomaly below-1σ,and ten wet Januaries are identified where precipitation anomaly above +1σ.Among these events there are three patterns of cold-wet Januaries,namely 1969,1993 and 2008.The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data are used to check the atmospheric circulation changes in association with the anomalous temperature and precipitation events.The results show that the strong Siberian High(SBH),East Asian trough(EAT) and East Asian jet stream(EAJS) are favorable conditions for low-temperature in southern China.While the anomalous southerly flow at 850 hPa,the weak EAT at 500 hPa,the strong Middle East jet stream(MEJS) and the weaker EAJS are found to accompany a wetter southern China.The cold-wet winters in southern China,such as...更多 January of 2008,are mainly related to a stronger SBH,and the circulation in the middle to upper troposphere is precipitation-favorable.In wet winters,the water vapor below 500 hPa is mainly transported by the anomalous southwesterly flow and the anomalous southern flow over the Indo-China Peninsula and the South China Sea area.The correlation coefficients of MEJS,EAMW(East Asian meridional wind) and EU(Eurasian pattern) to southern China precipitation in January are +0.65,-0.59 and-0.48 respectively,and the correlations for high-pass filtered data are +0.63,-0.55 and-0.44 respectively,the significant level is all at 99%.MEJS,EAMW and EU together can explain 49.4% variance in January precipitation.Explained variance for January and winter temperature by SBH,EU,WP(west Pacific pattern) and AO(Arctic Oscillation) are 47.2% and 51.5%,respectively.There is more precipitation in southern China during El Nio winters,and less precipitation during La Nia winters.And there is no clear evidence that the occurrence of anomalous temperature events in winter over southern China is closely linked to ENSO events.