灰岩冻融循环的劣化规律研究

基于岩石损伤理论推导了冻融循环作用下岩石的损伤劣化模型,并采用冻融循环试验方式测试了后崴子隧道灰岩岩样冻融循环后的物理力学特征变化规律,分析了其损伤劣化规律。获得了岩样的质量、纵波波速随冻融循环呈现先增后减的趋势,单轴抗压强度持续减小,弹性模量和峰值应变逐渐增大的结果。分析获得了冻融循环作用下灰岩总损伤变量与应变的关系,冻融和载荷的共同作用会使总损伤加剧,但损伤曲线表明耦合作用也可适当缓解这一影响,且灰岩应变值趋于一致,表明影响灰岩强度极限的主要因素可以不考虑冻融循环。     

Acoustic experimental study of two types of rock from the Tibetan Plateau under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles

Under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles, two types of rocks (granite and andesite), used as slope protection for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, were tested according to the special climatic conditions in the Tibetan Plateau, and their various damage processes in appearance were carefully observed. Observation results show that damage of andesite was more serious than that of granite. Using an acoustic instrument, ultrasonic velocity was tested. The changing trends of velocity with the number of freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed, and the freeze-thaw cycle damaging the physical and mechanical properties of rocks can be seen. According to the changing trends of ultrasonic velocity with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, mechanical parameters of rocks, such as dynamic elasticity modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and dynamic bulk modulus were analyzed. It is found that they all have declining trends as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, and in particular, when the cycle number reaches a certain extent, the Poisson’s ratio of rocks begins to become negative.     

寒冻条件下花岗岩小块体的风化模拟实验及其分析

５０ｍｍ×５０ｍｍ×５０ｍｍ的一些小花岗岩块体被单轴挤压使之表面出现裂隙，然后分别预处理成干燥、水饱和与硫酸钠溶液饱和的３组样品，使之经历不同温度变幅下的冻融过程。在冻融过程中，分别记录了样品表面、表面下１０ｍｍ及２５ｍｍ处的温度变化，同时在实验前后，对所有样品都进行了超声波传输速率测定和重量测定。实验结果表明，这些小的花岗岩块体表面与内部的温度变化没有明显差异，其温度变化随外界温度而变化，但在外界温度变幅整体低于０℃时，岩石温度逐渐趋于稳定。样品在实验前后的重量变化很小，但是仍能反映最大的变化发生在水饱和的一组样品中。所有样品在实验后的超声波传输速率都明显下降，特别是在垂直于微裂隙的方向，超声波传输速率下降大于平均下降幅度，表明冻融过程中岩石内部的孔隙可能增大而微裂隙具有明显的加剧作用。     

循环冻融下寒区工程常用保温材料性能变化试验研究北大核心CSCD

保温材料广泛应用于寒区工程的诸多领域。然而,在服役过程中,保温材料往往会受到浸水、冻融和盐蚀等多场耦合的循环作用,导致其保温、防水和强度等物理力学性能出现不同程度的退化。目前,保温材料的类型非常多,但其性能和耐久性有所不同,因此科学合理地选择保温材料不仅关系到其长期保温效果,同时对于工程构筑物的长期稳定性具有重要的意义。针对循环冻融作用,选取寒区工程中常用的4种保温材料[聚酚醛(FLK)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚苯乙烯挤塑板(XPS)和聚苯乙烯发泡板(EPS)]开展了浸纯水、浸盐水和干燥状态下的室内冻融循环试验,对经历了不同冻融次数的样品进行了表观密度、吸水率、导热系数、压缩强度、弯曲强度和微观结构系列测试。结果表明:浸润作用对保温材料物理力学性质影响显著,亲水性材料FLK的保温和力学性能退化显著,而憎水性材料PU、XPS和EPS变化相对较小。干燥条件下,冻融循环作用对FLK、XPS和EPS吸水率以及FLK的导热系数影响量值可观,但对4种保温材料的压缩和弯曲强度影响不大。浸纯水和盐水条件下,经历30次冻融循环后,FLK的导热系数增加约50%,弯曲强度降低超过0.3%,EPS的压缩强度降低超过10%。浸盐水后保温材料经历冻融循环作用后其物理力学性能退化程度与浸纯水条件下有所不同,该差异值得关注。通过扫描电镜图像能够识别4种保温材料的孔隙尺寸、孔隙致密度和固体颗粒胶结方式,但对经历冻融循环作用后的变化难以识别和量化。基于试验结果,结合寒区交通工程应用场景,分析了4种保温材料的冻融耐久性,以期服务于寒区交通工程保温材料的合理应用。     

Fractal characteristics of sand grain group changes under freeze-thaw cycles and its correlation with long-term strength北大核心CSCD

Seasonally frozen soils are widely distributed in China in terms of area,and the freeze-thaw cycle effect generated by the alternation of cold and warmth is one of the causes of engineering damage in cold areas during construction,and it is particularly important to restore the nature and state of the soil when it is subjected to freeze-thaw action. Therefore,sandy soil specimens with different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles were prepared,and the long-term strength of frozen sandy soil was tested using a spherical template indenter. Using fractal theory and the microstructure image processing software ImageJ,the change law of grain group and long-term strength of two frozen sandy soils under different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles were studied. The results show that：for fine sand（FS）,the fractal dimension DB has a highly significant positive correlation with the long-term strength variation,among which ≥0. 15~0. 20 mm and ≥0. 25~0. 40 mm have the best fit with the long-term strength,and are the dominant grain classes of FS. For medium sand（MS）,the fractal dimension DB is slightly positively correlated with the long-term strength,and the variation shows a“vertical N”trend,in which the grain size content of ≥0. 30~0. 40 mm and ≥0. 40 mm fits better with the long-term strength,and is the dominant grain class for MS. The content of other grain groups did not correlate significantly with the long-term strength change. The freeze-thaw action changed the content ratios of coarse and fine grain agglomerates in the soil. With the increase of the overall particle size interval,the dominant particle size also increases,which shows that the long-term strength of frozen sandy soil tends to decrease and then increase with the increase of the content of some particle sizes. The results of the study can provide theoretical reference for the determination of long-term strength in areas subject to freeze-thaw action. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

冻融作用下三类纤维加筋固化土的抗压抗拉性能

合成纤维、矿物纤维和植物纤维加筋土,增强了土的强度和抗变形性能。开展冻融作用下的无侧限抗压试验和劈裂抗拉试验,研究聚丙烯纤维、玄武岩纤维和棕榈纤维加筋石灰固化土的抗压和抗拉性能随冻融次数的变化规律。结果表明：未冻融和冻融环境下,聚丙烯纤维加筋固化土、玄武岩纤维加筋固化土和棕榈纤维加筋固化土的最优质量加筋率分别为0.2%、0.2%和0.4%。随冻融次数增加,三类纤维加筋固化土的抗压强度和抗拉强度均呈阶段性下降,纤维加筋固化土的破坏应变均大于石灰固化土。冻融作用下,聚丙烯纤维加筋固化土的抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗变形性能均优于另两类加筋固化土。纤维与土颗粒间的界面作用力和纤维对土的空间约束作用,增强了土的冻融耐久性。对比三类纤维加筋固化土的试验结果,聚丙烯纤维加筋固化土的抗冻融性能最优。     

冻融作用对不同初始状态基坑稳定性的影响研究

为研究季节冻土区冻融作用对基坑工程的影响,基于考虑冰-水相变的热传导理论、考虑黏聚力的修正剑桥模型和强度折减法,建立了适用于季节冻土区基坑稳定性分析的计算平台。在此基础上,结合具体的试验数据对不同初始状态的基坑算例进行计算,研究季节冻土区基坑冻融前后稳定性和位移的变化情况,并根据土体冻融前后的物理力学参数对上述变化规律作出分析。研究结果表明,冻融作用加剧季节冻土区基坑的局部变形,且土体的初始干重度对变形规律的影响较大,但基坑的整体安全系数并未受到冻融作用的显著影响。存在一个临界干重度γ_d0,基坑土体的初始干重度接近临界干重度时,围护桩水平位移在冻融前后的变化较小,随着土体初始干重度与临界干重度的差距增大,围护桩水平位移在冻融前后的变化量也随之增大。土体的初始干重度越小,基坑围护桩的竖向位移和坑底隆起位移在冻融前后的变化量越大,即土体初始干重度较小的基坑在经历冻融后,围护桩的竖向位移产生显著沉降,但坑底隆起情况有明显缓解。研究成果对季节冻土区基坑工程的设计和施工具有重要意义。     

黄河源区冻融地质作用及其生态环境地质特征

黄河源区自然地理环境特殊,冻融地质作用强烈,冻融地质现象普遍发育,以山地顶部裸岩、寒冻风化岩屑坡、山地斜坡冻融滑移、山前倾斜平原及河谷平原冻胀—融陷作用为表征,对应于源区不同的地形地貌条件和自然地理单元,呈鲜明的山地垂直分带规律和冻融荒漠化生态景观。     

淮南刘庄煤矿地基人工冻融土工程性质与中微观结构之间关系研究

本文以淮南刘庄煤矿主井地基的人工冻融土为研究对象,以偏光显微镜,扫描电镜(SEM)为主要研究手段,研究分析了人工冻融土与原状土的中微观结构、冻融前后的中微观结构的变化规律及内在原因。此外,还研究分析了人工冻融土冻融前后的中微观结构及其变化与人工冻融土的物理、力学、工程性质之间的关系。研究显示中微观结构对人工冻融土的物理、力学、工程性质有很大的影响,冻融前后中微观结构的变化受到土的种类、埋深、原状土的中微观结构等因素的影响,且冻融前后的中微观结构的变化在一定程度上主导了冻融前后的物理、力学、工程性质的改变。     

顺层边坡溃层问题的计算方法

本文根据压杆稳定计算的基本理论，结合顺层以溃层破坏的具体情况，提出来考虑向力作用下的边坡失稳计算理论和方法，并分析了一个实例。