Three‐dimensional finite element analysis of the interaction between tunneling and pile foundations

This paper concerns analysis of the impact of construction of urban tunnels on adjacent pile foundations. It is carried out using an elastoplastic three‐dimensional finite element modelling. Numerical simulations are performed in two stages, which concern, respectively, the application of the pile axial loading and the construction of the tunnel in presence of the pile foundations. Analysis is carried out for both single piles and groups of piles. Results of numerical simulations show that tunneling induces significant internal forces in adjacent piles. The distribution of internal forces depends mainly on the position of the pile tip regarding the tunnel horizontal axis and the distance of the pile axis from the centre of the tunnel. Analysis of the interaction between tunneling and a group of piles reveals a positive group effect with a high reduction of the internal forces in rear piles. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Distribution of free electrons in the galactic plane

A method is proposed for constructing a map of the electron density distribution in the galactic plane. Data on the dispersion measures DM of more than 1500 pulsars and their distances, found by an independent method, are used. The independent distances of the pulsars are estimated using an empirical relation of the form L=γP ^α Ṗ ^β W ^δ between the radio luminosity L of the pulsars and their periods P, the rate of change Ṗ. of their periods, and the half width W of their pulses. A map of the electron density distribution in the galactic plane within a ±400 pc layer is provided. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 277–287 (May 2006).     

The Energy Relationship between Ions and Soil Particles based on Wien Effect and Its Application in Soil Science

The interaction between ions and soil particles plays an important role in the mobilization and bioavailability of ions in soils, which is one of the main research areas of soil chemistry. The new method based on suspension Wien effect has been developed recently to determine the binding energy and adsorption energy between ions and soil particles. Compared with other methods on the basis of adsorption isotherm or ions activity, Wien effect method has more advantages including convenience and direct measurement. The term suspension Wien effect refers to the increase of electrical conductivity of suspension with increasing applied electrical field. In this review paper, we introduced the fundamentals of suspension Wien effect, the apparatus about the Wien effect measurement, and along with demonstrating their application to quantifying the particles-ions interactions for several systems of soils. Our studies indicated that divalent cations have larger binding energies and adsorption energies on soil particles than monovalent because of the electrostatic interaction. However, few studies about the interaction between Cr³⁺ and La³⁺ on soil particles showed that the binding energy and adsorption energy of trivalent cations are lower than those of divalent cations because of hydrolysis. Soil properties such as soil organic matter, soil pH, and iron oxides significantly affected the binding energy and adsorption energy of ions. Our results deepened our understanding about the non specific adsorption of ions in soil chemistry, and enlarged the research area of soil chemistry in fundamental and methodology.     

边角后方交会在高铁板式无碴轨道放样中的应用

智能型全站仪结合边角后方交会原理在高速铁路测量工作中得到广泛应用,其在CPⅢ高精度铺轨控制网的基础上进行自由重叠设站的精度能满足高铁测量的精度要求。在板式无碴轨道底板放样和轨道板安装时,可以根据仪器误差参数计算得出每个测站进行放样时误差不超限的最远放样距离,供测量人员参考。     

大尺寸高精度三维控制网技术探讨

空间大尺寸机构的位置和姿态测量是诸多领域中不可或缺的必要环节。而传统的一维测量技术在精度、范围和速度上已经无法满足越来越高的需求,因此必须探索新的测量技术和方法。激光跟踪仪的单站坐标测量精度在局部范围内能够达到几十个微米量级,如果要在大尺度空间内同样实现该坐标测量精度,则需要建立全局的精密三维控制网。为了解算控制点全局坐标以及测站的位置和姿态参数,文中基于边角观测值和坐标转换模型建立了激光跟踪仪三维边角网整体平差模型。平差过程中,为了削弱激光跟踪仪测角误差的影响,建立了合理的角度和距离观测值权矩阵,为高精度距离观测值赋予较大的权值,从而对其进行约束。将该方法应用于宝钢不锈钢冷轧厂生产线的安装检测和轧辊轴线平行度测量,基于激光跟踪仪自由设站理论实现大尺寸精密三维控制网的建立,取得了良好效果。     

自由能密度上限及毫秒级射电尖峰的“饱和”机制

本文首先介绍了热力学自由能上限的普遍公式及其推导思想,然后应用于非热电子束的具体形式,从而估计太阳射电活动中的毫秒级尖峰辐射的“饱和”能量;在此基础上,进一步为饱和时间问题作一般性的讨论;最后,在把尖峰“饱和”的几种机制进行了比较之后提出:由于尖峰能量远未达到非线性饱和的水平,因此,由某种外部因素(例如加速机制等)所导致的高能电子束的非均匀性可能是一种较为合理的模型。     

Nonlinear Dynamic Response of HDRB and Hybrid HDRB-Friction Sliders Base Isolation Systems

The isolation systems are usually made of rubber bearings that are sometimes coupled in hybrid combination with frictional devices; this is the case of an in-site experimental campaign, performed on a base isolated apartment building in Rapolla (south of Italy). Several dropout tests at initial displacements up to 17cm allowed to obtain in-site information on the true dynamic response of the isolation system (building and isolators). The tests carried out allow a comparison between the free vibration responses of a building, isolated by using a 28 HDRB isolation system only, or an HDRB-Friction Sliders Hybrid one. The paper highlights the main differences of the response in the superstructure (the structure over the isolation system) obtained by using only HDRB isolation system, or the Hybrid one (HDRB and Friction Sliders in parallel system). Analysis and comparisons of experimental data, show the influence of nonlinearities on structural higher modes amplification, especially observed by using the higher nonlinear Hybrid isolation system. Tests results confirm that, in the case of a regular superstructure, like the Rapolla building, the isolation system nonlinearities influence the structural response.     

城市公园免费开放对游客感知价值维度的影响及效应分析——以南京中山陵为例

基于城市公园免费开放的视角,选取南京中山陵作为研究个案,运用SPSS18.0和AMOS18.0分析软件,通过探索性和验证性因素分析,构建了游客感知价值维度分析模型。研究显示:游客对免费开放中山陵存在五维感知价值,且呈现出感知价格→休闲价值→环境价值→服务价值→文化价值逐步递减的分异特征;由此探究游客感知价值维度分异的作用机制,衍生出城市公园免费开放的效应分析,其中公益福利效应和休闲游憩效应呈现积极的正向发展态势,而生态环境效应、景区服务效应与文化内生效应的发挥则相对滞后。在倡导"以人为本"、关注民生休闲的大众旅游时代,免费开放城市公园在增强城市开放空间优质属性和综合竞争力的同时,其与城市旅游的耦合协调及可持续发展将面临新的挑战。     

高铁无砟轨道基准点平面测量方法

介绍一种在狭长测量条件下基于边角后方交会自由设站的测量方法,阐述方法的原理,并结合石武高铁CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道基准点平面测量的具体实例应用,分析该测量方法的精度,证明该方法在狭长呈带状、要求越来越高的测量环境中应用的可行性和可靠性,对其他大型精密工程测量具有参考价值。