不同煤级煤及其萃余物吸附性能的研究

采用不同溶剂对褐煤、焦煤、低级无烟煤(Ro,max2.62%)以及中级无烟煤(Ro,max3.74%)等四个煤级煤样进行分级超声萃取,然后对原煤和萃余物进行平衡水预湿的方法,进行了等温吸附实验,并结合孔隙结构测试和水分含量变化,分析了溶剂萃取后萃余物的吸附性能变化及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)平衡水条件下,原煤对甲烷的吸附能力要大于萃余物,萃取后,尽管煤的组成和孔隙结构发生了变化,但并不能改变不同煤级煤吸附甲烷的能力的对比关系;(2)原煤和各级萃余物都发生了到某一压力后,吸附量随着压力增加而下降的现象,褐煤及其萃余物甚至出现负值,这可能是由超临界状态下吸附相的体积忽视后带来的效应和煤基质在压力、水分作用发生膨胀以及随着压力增加,水分在吸附孔隙中占据吸附点位的增多,造成甲烷有效吸附点位的减少等综合作用的结果。研究认为,在讨论影响不同煤化作用的煤吸附能力的因素时,应该首先考虑到煤级对吸附能力的影响;对煤化程度相近的煤,其他因素如孔隙结构和水分的变化对吸附的影响才显现,但对不同煤级煤吸附性的主要影响因素也不尽相同。在煤层气吸附研究中,吸附量下降现象应该是一个共性,其机理的解释和寻求正确的吸附相体积校正,以及一定压力下,煤基质在水分作用下发生膨胀对吸附性的影响的规律描述,都是亟待解决的重要问题。     

外营力地貌作用随机特性和分形布朗地貌的稳定性*

通过建立外营力地貌作用的分形模型,揭示了外营力在微观上塑造地表不平的动力机制。外营力在宏观和微观上具有各自的表现,可能预示地貌空间尺度的差异,使演化具有不同的独特规律。     

New approximate solution for time-fractional coupled KdV equations by generalised differential transform method

In this paper, the generalised two-dimensional differential transform method (DTM) of solving the time-fractional coupled KdV equations is proposed. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. The presented method is a numerical method based on the generalised Taylor series expansion which constructs an analytical solution in the form of a polynomial. An illustrative example shows that the generalised two-dimensional DTM is effective for the coupled equations.     

The application of fractal study in forecasting flood calamities in Wuzhou, Guangxi

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Time–space fractional governing equations of one‐dimensional unsteady open channel flow process: Numerical solution and exploration

Although fractional integration and differentiation have found many applications in various fields of science, such as physics, finance, bioengineering, continuum mechanics, and hydrology, their engineering applications, especially in the field of fluid flow processes, are rather limited. In this study, a finite difference numerical approach is proposed to solve the time–space fractional governing equations of 1‐dimensional unsteady/non‐uniform open channel flow process. By numerical simulations, results of the proposed fractional governing equations of the open channel flow process were compared with those of the standard Saint‐Venant equations. Numerical simulations showed that flow discharge and water depth can exhibit heavier tails in downstream locations as space and time fractional derivative powers decrease from 1. The fractional governing equations under consideration are generalizations of the well‐known Saint‐Venant equations, which are written in the integer differentiation framework. The new governing equations in the fractional‐order differentiation framework have the capability of modelling nonlocal flow processes both in time and in space by taking the global correlations into consideration. Furthermore, the generalized flow process may possibly shed light on understanding the theory of the anomalous transport processes and observed heavy‐tailed distributions of particle displacements in transport processes.     

RESEARCH ON REBUILDING OZONE DYNAMIC SYSTEM OF ZONAL AVERAGE OVER THE TROPIC ZONE

The ozone data observed by TOMS in every 5°N are extended into the phase space to describe the characteristics of ozone with phase trace. First of all, the fractional dimension of the ozone layer is calculated. Then.the phase points are regarded as some discrete characteristics solution, and the parameters of mathematical model which describe the time variation of system state are retrieved, so that the nonlinear dynamic system which reflects the short-term variation of zonal average ozone layer over the tropics is rebuilt.     

利用分形统计学提取化探数据中的 隐蔽信息并圈定地球化学异常

阐述了分数布朗运动与地质统计学的关系及用变差函数求分数布朗运动分维数的方法,提出用改进的方位－分维估值法预测化探数据的区域背景和局部背景,从而圈定出地球化学异常．最后给出了山东平邑铜石金矿田１∶５万水系沉积物地球化学数据的实际应用效果．     

Crustal Evolution of Island-Arc Ultramafic Magma: Galmoenan Pyroxenite-Dunite Plutonic Complex, Koryak Highland (Far East Russia)

Alaskan-type platinum-bearing plutons and potassium-enrichedmafic to ultramafic volcanic rocks are temporally and spatiallyassociated within the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene Achaivayam–Valaginskiiintra-oceanic palaeo-arc system, allochthonously present inthe Koryak Highland and Kamchatka Peninsula (Far East Russia).The compositions of the parental magmas to the Alaskan-typecomplexes are estimated using the Galmoenan plutonic complexas an example. This complex, composed of dunites, pyroxenitesand minor gabbros, is the largest (20 km³) in the system andthe best studied owing to associated platinum placer deposits.The compositions of the principal mineral phases in the Galmoenanintrusive rocks [olivine (Fo_79–92), clinopyroxene (1–3·5wt % Al₂O₃, 0·1–0·5 wt % TiO₂), and Cr-spinel(5–15 wt % Al₂O₃ and 0·3–0·7 wt %TiO₂)] are typical of liquidus assemblages in primitive island-arcmagmas in intra-oceanic settings, and closely resemble the mineralcompositions in the Achaivayam–Valaginskii ultramaficvolcanic rocks. The temporal and spatial association of intrusiveand extrusive units, and the similarity of their mineral compositions,suggest that both suites were formed from similar parental magmas.The composition of the parental magma for the Galmoenan plutonicrocks is estimated using previously reported data for the Achaivayam–Valaginskiiultramafic volcanic rocks and phenocryst-hosted melt inclusions.Quantitative simulation of crystallization of the parental magmain the Galmoenan magma chamber shows that the compositions ofthe cumulate units are best modelled by fractional crystallizationwith periodic magma replenishment. The model calculations reproducewell the observed mineral assemblages and the trace elementabundances in clinopyroxene. Based upon the estimated compositionof the parental magmas and their mantle source, we considerthat fluxing of a highly refractory mantle wedge (similar tothe source of boninites) by chlorine-rich aqueous fluids isprimarily responsible for both high degrees of partial meltingand the geochemical characteristics of the magmas, includingtheir enrichment in platinum-group elements. KEY WORDS: subduction; platinum-group elements; clinopyroxene; trace elements; fractional crystallization; Alaskan-type plutons     

一个关于河口及浅海的三维分步杂交模型

根据分步杂交方法，构造出一个关于河口及浅海环境的三维分步杂交模型。在垂直结构上，本文引入了σ坐标，并在垂直方向上利用交错网格，在水平方向上利用三角形网格离散。本模型在时间上采用分步方法，在不同分步里，采用了与算子相适应的计算方法     

地理国情普查数据在林地监测中的应用研究

以黑龙江省穆棱市为研究区,利用2005年的基础地理信息数据和2015年全国地理国情普查数据成果作为基础数据,并结合SPOT-5、ZY-3卫星遥感影像数据,对穆棱市林地进行监测。本文从数据的收集与整理、影像处理和变化监测数据提取及处理方法等进行应用研究,准确快速获取变化信息的光谱、纹理、植被指数及面积等信息,通过特定运算得到每期研究区内植被的覆盖率、保有量以及蓄积量,实现林地覆盖率、保有量及蓄积量的动态变化监测。最后,通过对监测数据的统计分析得出穆棱市林地变化监测成果。