化石群落与层序地层的耦合关系研究——以塔里木盆地西部中新生代有孔虫群落与层序地层关系研究为例

本文研究的是大陆边缘海以底栖有孔虫为主的化石群落与层序地层的关系。海平面变化是控制化石群落演替和识别划分层序的主要因素。化石群落在一个完整海水进退旋回中呈机会种群落、平衡种群落、终极种群落演替变化,在化石丰度、多样度、均衡度、成壳类型等方面分异显著,与层序地层的三级层序的海进体系域、凝缩期沉积、高位体系域具有密切的耦合关系。化石群落的演替变化是对海洋环境变迁的能动反映。因此,化石群落的研究可以帮助识别和优化层序、沉积体系域和层序界面,从而为层序地层的准确识别划分提供新的思路。     

西昆仑塔县瓦卡地区早白垩世鱼化石的发现及其意义

新疆塔什布尔干县瓦卡地区位处西昆仑山的腹地,过去本区无早白垩世地层的报导。因此,该区早白垩世鱼化石的发现对该区地层的划分、构造格架的建立和发展演化都将起到重要的作用。     

内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗上侏罗统满克头鄂博组 木化石新资料

报道了首次在大兴安岭中南段侏罗系火山-沉积地层中发现的木化石。化石产于内蒙古自治区科尔沁右翼中旗地区满克头鄂博组中酸性火山碎屑沉积岩中,经沈阳地质矿产研究所张武研究员详细鉴定,有5属3个已知种和2个未定种。对新发现木化石的主要特征进行了描述,讨论了木化石的时代。综合分析所发现化石的组合特征,认为其时代属中晚侏罗世。这些木化石新材料为大兴安岭地区上侏罗统地层区域对比提供了新的古生物资料依据。     

New Jurassic Fossil True Bugs of the Pachymeridiidae(Hemiptera:Pentatomomorpha)from Northeast China

Four new fossil genera and species of true bugs from the family Pachymeridiidae, Beipiaocoris multifurcus, Bellicoris mirabilis, Nitoculus regiUus, and Viriosinervis stolidus, are described. New specimens were collected from the Middle and Upper Jurassic non-marine sedimentary strata from the Jiulongshan and Yixian Formations of northeast China. The species Karatavocoris asiatica Becker-Migdisova, 1963, which was considered to be a member of the family Coreidae is transferred to the Pachymeridiidae. A new map of all known and newly discovered fossil pachymeridiid localities is given. The diagnosis of the family is modified.     

兴文世界地质公园化石遗迹保护研究

四川兴文世界地质公园内含有丰富的二叠系化石遗迹。然而近年来在地质公园开发和建设的过程中,化石遗迹遭受了比较严重的破坏,因而景区化石遗迹保护工作思路和模式值得研究。通过对兴文石海化石遗迹的种类、丰度和当前保存现状的分析,认为自然因素和人为因素是导致兴文石海化石遗迹遭受破坏的两大原因,据此提出了保护兴文化石遗迹完整性的措施。     

Late-glacial and early Holocene lake sediments,ground-water formation and climate in the Atacama Altiplano 22–24°S

Precipitation rates in the Atacama Altiplano 22–24°S were 400–500 mm yr^–1 during late glacial and early Holocene times as opposed to 200 mm yr^–1 today. This humid phase (Tauca phase) was likely due to strengthened tropical (monsoonal) circulation, which brought continental moisture to the Atacama Altiplano. The lake level of Laguna Lejía (23°30S, 4350 m) at that time was up to 25 m higher than it is today. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca data from lake sediments show that, what today is a highly saline lake was a freshwater lake at that time. Seasonally-laminated calcareous sediments were deposited between 13 500 and <10 400 yr B.P. indicating the maximum of the humid phase. Climatic changes in the past are important for current groundwater resources.¹⁴C and³H data from lake-, ground- and well water suggest that modern groundwater formation (i.e. water <40 years) in the Altiplano is very limited under current arid conditions. We conclude that significant amounts of the water resources in this area originated during the time of the late-glacial and early Holocene humid climate. Tritium data from snow samples show that the moisture in the Altiplano at 22–24°S is mainly of continental origin, whereas precipitation from the westerlies hardly contributes to the water supply in this area. This precipitation pattern matches the paleodata, and we suggest that current precipitation formation may provide an analogue framework for late-glacial circulation in this area.This is the 3rd in a series of papers published in this special AMQUA issue. These papers were presented at the 1994 meeting of the American Quaternary Association held 19–22 June, 1994, at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Dr Linda C. K. Shane served as guest editor for these papers.     

黄土高原S5古土壤形成期的气候环境——陆生蜗牛化石的证据

通过对黄土高原西峰黄土剖面S5古土壤层的蜗牛化石组合研究发现,西峰地区在S5形成时（对应海洋氧同位素MIS₁5¹3期）气候环境经历了几次显著的波动。MIS₁5期地层中绝大多数蜗牛壳体被溶蚀,气候非常暖湿,夏季风强盛;MIS₁4是个弱冰期,蜗牛组合显示气候以凉湿为主,仍然有较强的夏季风影响;MIS₁3期以暖湿的气候为主,夏季风增强。对温湿蜗牛种类冠状砂螺（Gastrocopta coreana）含量变化的功率谱分析显示出明显的23ka周期,表明岁差轨道驱动的低纬太阳辐射是控制黄土高原夏季风变化的主导因素;冷干种类杂色虹蛹螺（Pupilla aeoli）含量变化具有明显的100ka和弱的43ka周期,说明即使在气候特征总体暖湿的背景下,冬季风仍具有以全球冰量（100ka）为主导周期的变化特征。在海洋和冰芯记录中MIS₁3和MIS₁5时期并不是最温暖的间冰期,但在黄土高原受到强夏季风的持续影响,这可能与此时北半球夏季太阳辐射量的增强和北大西洋深层流强度的加强有关。S5中S5SS₁与S5SS3两层强烈发育的古土壤可能有着不同的发育机制,S5SS₁因其较发育的母质、超长的成壤期,形成了比S5SS3更强的成壤特征。分析认为全球冰量与轨道驱动的北半球太阳辐射对MIS₁5¹3时期黄土高原气候环境的演替和冬、夏季风的消长起了主导作用。     

草莓状黄铁矿微晶形态和成分的地质意义——以栖霞组含泥灰岩为例

在湖北省京山县雁门口地区二叠世栖霞组上部的含泥灰岩中发现棘皮动物化石,其腔被不同形态微晶的草莓状黄铁矿充填,有正四面体、正六面体、五角十二面体和近球体。溶解氧与草莓状黄铁矿的形成过程有关,其浓度决定微晶的S/Fe。统计显示,黄铁矿的S/Fe平均值随微晶的边数增加而增加,所以,棘皮动物腔内草莓状黄铁矿形成由早及晚的次序为：近球体微晶,五角十二面体微晶,正六面体微晶,正四面体微晶的草莓状黄铁矿。同一环境中,黄铁矿微晶的S/Fe可用来指示形成次序。     

Solid state C NMR studies of selected oil shales from Queensland, Australia

Solid state ¹³C NMR techniques of cross polarization with magic-angle spinning, and interrupted decoupling have been employed to examine the nature of the organic matter in eight kerogen concentrates representing five Tertiary deposits in Queensland, Australia. The NMR results show that five of the kerogens have high proportions of aliphatic carbon in their organic matter and correspond to Type I–II algal kerogens. Three of the kerogens, derived from carbonaceous shales, have a high proportion of aromatic carbon in their organic matter and correspond to Type III kerogens. The fractions of aliphatic carbon in all the kerogens, regardless of type, are shown to correlate with the conversion characteristics of the corresponding raw shales during Fischer assay. Interrupted decoupling NMR results show the presence of more oxygen-substituted carbon in the carbonaceous shales, which may account for the greater CO₂ evolution and phenolic materials found in the pyrolysis products of the carbonaceous shales.