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151.
本文介绍了土壤样氦气测量方法勘查隐伏陷落柱及其找深部铀矿的简要原理和应用效果。通过对5个实例的氦异常特征研究,表明在陷落柱边缘及其中部氦含量变化明显;在隐伏铀矿体的垂直投影部位,地表有较好的氦异常。从而说明:用该法可为煤矿寻找隐伏的陷落柱,可以探测与成矿有关的岩溶塌陷构造,寻找铀矿及各种断裂构造,可以为各种受断裂控制的热液矿床指明远景地段,为勘探设计提供依据。 相似文献
152.
The determination of the bottom of a subfossil meandering palaeochannel is important for investigations of the palaeohydrology of valley bottoms, and crucial for the quantitative estimation of past river discharges. The authors present a procedure on the basis of which the bottom of a palaeochannel can be precisely determined. It is based on an analysis of the stratigraphic variability of such features of deposits as: mean diameter, standard deviation of the grain-size composition, the percentage of sand, and ignition loss. 相似文献
153.
In this paper, the authors present the results of both macroscopic and microscopic investigations on structure development created by repeated ice lensing in various loamy experiments. Experimental data are compared with observations performed on active forms in High Arctic and Alpine Mountain environments. Those observations are also compared with phenomena observed in fossil periglacial formations of Western Europe. Platy and short prismatic structure formation is bonded to the hydraulic and thermal conditions during ice segregation. When a long series of alternating freezing and thawing affects platy structures, the fabric evolves, also being influenced by slope and drainage conditions: cryoturbations, frostcreep, and gelifluction can appear. They are characterized by specific microfabrics which are better developed with an increasing number of cycles: this is clear in experiments where hydraulic and thermal parameters are better controlled. Vesicles are also a prominent characteristic of the surface horizon in experiments and arctic soils. The genesis of vesicles is discussed on the basis of new observations and is related to the mechanical collapse of frost-created aggregates under the mechanical work of soil air escape during soil saturation by water at thaw. 相似文献
154.
155.
Rock salt is approximately 1000 times more soluble than limestone and thus displays high rates of geomorphic evolution. Cave stream channel profiles and downcutting rates were studied in the Mount Sedom salt diapir, Dead Sea rift valley, Israel. Although the area is very arid (mean annual rainfall ≈ 50 mm), the diapir contains extensive karst systems of Holocene age. In the standard cave profile a vertical shaft at the upstream end diverts water from a surface channel in anhydrite or clastic cap rocks into the subsurface route in the salt. Mass balance calculations in a sample cave passage yielded downcutting rates of 0–2 mm s?1 during peak flood conditions, or about eight orders of magnitude higher than reported rates in any limestone cave streams. However, in the arid climate of Mount Sedom floods have a low recurrence interval with the consequence that long-term mean downcutting rates are lower: an average rate of 8·8 mm a?1 was measured for the period 1986–1991 in the same sample passage. Quite independently, long-term mean rates of 6·2mm a?1 are deduced from 14C ages of driftwood found in upper levels of 12 cave passages. These are at least three orders of magnitude higher than rates established for limestone caves. Salt cave passages develop in two main stages: (1) an early stage characterized by high downcutting rates into the rock salt bed, and steep passage gradients; (2) a mature stage characterized by lower downcutting rates, with establishment of a subhorizontal stream bed armoured with alluvial detritus. In this mature stage downcutting rates are controlled by the uplift rate of the Mount Sedom diapir and changes of the level of the Dead Sea. Passages may also aggrade. These fast-developing salt stream channels may serve as full-scale models for slower developing systems such as limestone canyons. 相似文献
156.
南山坪古油藏的形成及其破坏因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
南山坪古油藏以南山坪背斜(圈闭)为依托,油藏的形成、破坏与背斜(圈闭)的形成及演化息息相关。加里东晚期-海西早期的构造运动形成了南山坪背斜的雏形,与之对应的是最初的油藏形成;南山坪背斜在印支运动得到加强,形成构造圈闭,与之对应的是原油藏裂解生气及烃源岩进入生气阶段,形成气藏及部分沥青。之后的燕山运动Ⅱ幕使得南山坪背斜(圈闭)被褶皱和断层复杂化,形成由东南向北西的逆冲断裂,其上覆盖层抬升、剥蚀,原油藏彻底破坏,成为古油藏。分析认为,南山坪古油藏的破坏因素主要是印支期的热裂解和燕山运动Ⅱ幕的构造抬升、剥蚀,且后者更为主导因素。比较南山坪古油藏、余杭泰山古油藏及威远气藏,力图寻找其共性及差异性,从而为中国南方的油气勘探提供借鉴意义。 相似文献
157.
武隆隧道岩溶地质超前预报综合技术 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
武隆隧道全长9418m,为渝怀铁路第二长大隧道。该隧道的施工地质条件非常复杂,存在浅埋段、断层破碎带、岩溶暗河、非煤系地层瓦斯和岩爆等不良地质现象。其中,岩溶、暗河以及岩溶涌水是本隧道施工的最主要地质问题。根据岩溶垂直分带结果,武隆隧道处于混流带中,特别是多在季节变动带与水平迳流带之间。自隧道开挖揭露以来,多次发生大型、特大型岩溶涌水灾害。作者根据武隆隧道施工的特点,以地质法为基础,以HSP声波反射法为主要手段,结合TSP203系统和钻探等的超前预报综合技术,进行岩溶地质超前预报。实践证明,武隆隧道综合地质预报技术的应用是基本成功的,值得在同类隧道施工地质预报中借鉴。 相似文献
158.
表层岩溶带调蓄系数定量计算--以湘西洛塔赵家湾为例 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文以湖南洛塔赵家湾表层岩溶系统为例,综合利用水位、降雨量、蒸发量及泉流量等长观资料,分别对不同降雨特征下的表层岩溶带调蓄系数进行了定量计算,并对影响表层岩溶带调蓄能力的因素进行了分析。计算得到丰水期赵家湾表层岩溶带调蓄系数为0 14~0 2 8,明显小于枯水期调蓄系数0 44 ;但丰水期久旱后表层岩溶带的调蓄能力接近于枯水期;在丰水期,场雨和连续降雨时的调蓄能力比间歇降雨时的小近1倍。实例计算表明:赵家湾表层岩溶带具有一定的调蓄能力,其地下迳流滞后于降雨至少3d ,调蓄系数确实可以用来定量评价表层岩溶带的调蓄能力。 相似文献
159.
160.
Seismic anisotropy beneath Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, revealed by shear wave splitting 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bettina Bayer Christian Müller David W. Eaton Wilfried Jokat 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,171(1):339-351
Shear wave splitting analyses have been carried out using teleseismic data from broad-band seismograph stations deployed at temporary and permanent locations in Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica. In most cases, the observed anisotropy can be related to major tectonic events that formed the present-day Antarctic continent. We rule out an anisotropic contribution from recent asthenospheric flow. At the Russian base Novolazarevskaya near the coast in central DML, waveform inversion suggests a two-layer model where the fast direction of the upper layer is oriented parallel to Archean fabrics in the lithosphere, whereas the anisotropy of the lower layer is interpreted to have been created during the Jurassic Gondwana break-up. Recordings at the South African base Sanae IV, however, show enigmatic results. For narrow backazimuthal segments, splitting parameters show strong variations together with a multitude of isotropic measurements, indicative of complex scattering that cannot be explained by simple one- or two-layer anisotropic models. In the interior of the continent, the data are consistent with single-layer anisotropy, but show significant spatial variations in splitting parameters. A set of temporary stations across the Heimefront shear zone in western DML yield splitting directions that we interpret as frozen anisotropy from Proterozoic assembly of the craton. An abrupt change in fast axis direction appears to mark a suture between the Grunehogna craton, a fragment of the Kalahari–Kaapvaal craton in southern Africa and the Mesoproterozoic Maudheim Province. 相似文献