西宁盆地谢家剖面车头沟组底部木化石的发现及其意义

首次在西宁盆地谢家剖面车头沟组底部发现原始埋藏的钙质木化石不仅填补了植物大化石缺失的历史,同时对研究青藏高原东北部的植物生态环境演化和构造运动具有重要意义。通过对木化石埋藏特征、层位地层岩性和沉积环境的综合分析,认为其为近水河岸生长的成年乔木化石,株距3－8米不等,形成具有一定空间结构的植物群落,后期由于附近山地的隆起和该区气候向干旱化发展,植物遭受掩埋后经过石膏的交代作用进而形成硫酸钙质化石,说明该地区气候从中新世早中期开始恶化加剧。     

Late Holocene coseismic uplift on the Hua-tung coast, eastern Taiwan: Evidence from mass mortality of intertidal organisms

The evidence of coseismic uplift on the dynamic, wave-dominated Hua-tung coast fringing the active Coastal Range (eastern Taiwan) has been equivocal, due to complex controls by wave and terrestrial sediment over morphological and ecological systems of the coast. This study, by applying radiocarbon dating methods, demonstrates coseismic-uplift nature of the coast by finding synchronously killed intertidal organisms (mostly boring shell Jouannetia sp.) stranded at different sites of the coast with distinct physiographic characters. Based on these data, together with evidence from wave-cut notch sequences, two coseismic-uplift systems are recognized. One centers around the northern-middle part of the coast and yields events with uplift amounts of maximal 3–6 m and an average recurrence interval of at least several hundred years. The most recent activity of this system, influencing at least 70 km of coast, occurred at ~ 0.9 ka. The earthquake generating this event also triggered extensive landslides/debris flows in the region. Another system, exemplified by the uplift associated with the 2003 Cheng-kung earthquake, centers on the southern part of the coast and yields uplift of likely < 1 m every < 0.2 ky. Two pre-historic events of this system are identified as occurring at ~ 0.7 ka and ~ 1.1 ka. These two coseismic-uplift systems are consistent in position with two anticlinal structures defined by long-term uplift of the coast. However, the areas subjected to maximal coseismic uplift are located off where the climaxes of long-term uplift occur, implying that the latter areas have been uplifted mainly by aseismic and/or relatively frequent/small-magnitude coseismic motion.     

浙东新近纪一种栎属植物化石微细特征及其古环境指示

归于壳斗科栎属的一种植物化石黄毛青冈(亲缘种)Quercusaff.delavayi Franch采于浙江天台中新统下南山组。该化石不仅具有与现生黄毛青冈Quercus delavayi Franch相似的叶形态结构,而且两者表皮微细构造亦颇为一致,宏观和微观特征表明,当前材料与现生黄毛青冈具有一定的亲缘关系。通过研究不同时间、不同地点现生黄毛青冈的表皮微细特征,发现黄毛青冈毛基的个体发育重演了青冈亚属毛基的系统演化。进一步比较化石与现生材料的毛基参数及其他表皮特征,推论浙江天台中新世的古气候较现在温暖湿润,根据现生与化石黄毛青冈气孔比率计算出浙江天台中新世古大气CO2体积分数为(395.22±5.61)×10-6。     

宜昌的几种观赏石

在介绍与矿物晶体类、岩石类和生物化石类有关的观赏石时,着重阐述了它的地质内涵和科学意义。     

A preliminary investigation of fossil wood from Lower Mekong Basin of Southeast Asia

Nine fossil wood samples from the Mesozoic bedrock and the Quaternary terrace deposits of the Lower Mekong Basin in Southeast Asia including Thailand , Laos and Cambodia were investigated in order to assist in developing a hypothesis about the Mekong River palaeocourses .Six of the samples were conifers assigned to Aga-thoxylon sp., and three were dicots of cf .Pahudioxylon sp.and two unknown taxa ( Dicotyloxylon sp.) . The preservation of two dicotyledonous wood samples is insufficient for precise identification to family level , such that the samples are not suitable with respect to investigation of the river palaeocourse .However , these findings increase the systematic data of the fossil wood from the Mekong Basin .Further investigations of fossil wood from the Mekong Basin are in progress to gain a regional perspective on the plant communities and to form better reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment .     

基于共存分析法和叶缘分析法重建中国渐新世年均温

渐新世全球气候总体上发生了降温,代表着地球新生代早期的一个"冰室"。植物对气候变化反应敏感,作为地质时期的产物,植物化石能够反映当时陆地气候的变迁。本文利用共存分析法(Coexistence Approach,CA)对中国5个渐新世植物群的年均温进行了恢复,并利用叶缘分析法(Leaf Margin Analysis,LMA)对其中木本双子叶植物不少于15种的4个植物群年均温进行了分析。两类方法的推测值整体表现为CA的年均温相对高于LMA值,其中叶缘分析法东亚模型得出的年均温高于中国模型值。通过对能影响两类方法结果的因素分析,推测CA恢复的值能更好地代表化石点当时的年均温,咸水河组下段植物群为13.3~15.6℃,杨连屯组大桥段植物群为12.1~19.4℃,三合植物群为14.3~16.8℃,景谷植物群为19.7~23.7℃,宁明组植物群为22.0~23.6℃。由于CA恢复的年均温都高于当地现在的年均温,推测渐新世时,虽然全球温度自始新世以来整体相对降低,但还是比现在温暖。     

辽西下白垩统义县组化石木年轮的观察及其意义

对辽宁省西部下白垩统义县组化石木年轮的研究表明,明显清晰的年轮反映了当时的气候具有明显的季节性特征;连续年轮宽度的变化情况表明当时的气候波动强烈,反映了干旱-半干旱的波动特点;义县组各种化石木的平均敏感度(MS)在0～0.2间,表明树木总体生长在年降水量或水供应较均匀的环境.     

遗迹组构的精细分析功能及其应用:第15届国际遗迹组构专题研讨会综述

第15届国际遗迹组构专题研讨会于2019年4月26日至5月9日在捷克首都布拉格顺利召开。从口头报告、展板、野外地质考察及专题讨论等方面可以得出遗迹学理论取得的新进展及其应用主要集中于4个方面: (1)遗迹组构内涵的外延和精细分析功能的完善,为沉积微环境分析、成因地层学解译和油气水储集层的精细表征提供了科学的理论基础和实用的工作方法;(2)遗迹化石在古生态、古气候等研究中的应用已成为遗迹学的重要工作领域,旨在通过研究古生物丰富的行为学、埋藏学特征,解译(古)生物与沉积物的相互作用,揭示遗迹化石发育段的古生态与古气候特征,进而搭建古生物学、沉积学和层序地层学之间的桥梁;(3)遗迹化石在重大地质事件研究方面具有重要应用,特别是为研究生物大灭绝后生态恢复期因没有矿化骨骼而无法保存为实体化石的生物提供了良好的信息载体,同时也为研究生物复苏期生态系统状况和大地构造-沉积环境条件提供了宝贵的线索;(4)新技术和新方法正在遗迹学研究中得到广泛应用,必将推动遗迹学理论的进一步完善和生产应用的快速发展。     

四川雅江县上三叠统雅江组和两河口组深水遗迹化石的发现

在雅江县雅江—道孚公路边的上三叠统雅江组—两河口组地层剖面上,首次发现了Protopaleodictyon,Phycosiphon,Planolites,Phycodes,Paleodictyon,Squamodictyon,Urohelminthoida,Lophoctenium,Ovatiichnum等9个遗迹属,共15个遗迹种,归属于Nereites遗迹相。遗迹化石及遗迹相特征反映该区上三桑统雅江组和两河口组的沉积环境为次深海—深海的大陆斜坡中下部—深海盆地边缘。