云南中甸纳帕海16 000年以来硅藻植物群的演化及其古环境意义

根据云南中甸纳帕海ZD981钻孔上部0～6.37 m沉积物中硅藻的丰度、分异度和组合特征,并结合已有的孢粉、粒度分析、磁化率等资料,将16 000 a以来中甸地区古气候、古环境的演化过程划分为5个阶段:①气候冷湿,水体较深;②气候偏干,水体变浅;③水位有所回升,但波动剧烈;④湿度增大,水位不断上升;⑤气候再度逐渐转干至现代气候,湖水近于干涸;通过对全新世以来纳帕海的硅藻记录和新疆、青海等地的氧同位素记录的对比,探讨了不同地区对东亚季风强弱变化的不同响应机制.     

Dating of detrital zircon grains and fossils from Late Palaeozoic sediments of the Baruo area,Tibet: constraints on the Late Palaeozoic evolution of the Lhasa terrane

ABSTRACT

To determine the Late Palaeozoic evolution of the Lhasa terrane, we report the results of field mapping, petrological and fossil investigations, and U–Pb dating of detrital zircon grains (n = 474) from lower-greenschist-facies clastic rocks of the Lagar Formation in the Baruo area, Tibet. Our results indicate that the Lagar Formation was deposited during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian in a shallow-marine environment on the northern margin of Gondwana. Glacial marine diamictites are common within the Lagar Formation and record glaciation of Gondwana during the Late Palaeozoic. Moreover, the detrital materials of the Lagar formation originated mostly from the collision orogenic belt. The ages of detrital zircon grains from the Lagar Formation make up five main groups with ages of 410–540 Ma, 550–650 Ma, 800–1100 Ma, 1600–1800 Ma, and 2300–2500 Ma, which display three characteristic age peaks at ~1150, 2390 and 2648 Ma. We tentatively suggest that the Lhasa terrane was a shallow-marine basin under the influence of the Gondwanan glaciation during the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian.     

蕨类植物化石繁殖器官微细构造研究方法及意义

本文介绍了蕨类植物化石原位繁殖器官微细构造研究的实验技术和方法，讨论了这一研究在蕨类植物化石的分类归属和系统演化研究中的意义．     

Genesis of the channel iron deposits (CID) of the Pilbara region,Western Australia

Miocene fluvial goethite/hematite channel iron deposits (CID) are part of the Cenozoic Detritals 2 (CzD2), of the Western Australian Pilbara region. They range from gravelly mudstones through granular rocks to intraformational pebble, cobble and rare boulder conglomerates, as infill in numerous meandering palaeochannels in a mature surface that includes Precambrian granitoids, volcanics, metasediments, BIF and ferruginous Palaeogene valley fill. In the Hamersley Province of the Pilbara, the consolidated fine gravels and subordinate interbedded conglomerates, with their leached equivalents, are a major source of export iron ore. This granular ore typically comprises pedogenically derived pelletoids comprising hematite nuclei and goethite cortices (ooids and lesser pisoids), with abundant coarser goethitised wood/charcoal fragments and goethitic peloids, minor clay, and generally minimal porous goethitic matrix, with late-stage episodic solution and partial infill by secondary goethite, silica and siderite (now oxidised) in places. Clay horizons and non-ore polymictic basal and marginal conglomerates are also present. The accretionary pedogenic pelletoids were mostly derived from stripping of a mature ferruginous but apparently well-vegetated surface, developed in the Early to Middle Miocene on a wide variety of susceptible rock types including BIF, basic intrusives and sediments. This deep ferruginisation effectively destroyed most remnants of the original rock textures producing a unique surface, very different to those that produced the underlying CzD1 (Palaeogene) and the overlying CzD3 (Pliocene – Quaternary). The peloids were derived both intraformationally from fragmentation and reworking of desiccated goethite-rich muds, and from the regolith. Tiny wood/charcoal fragments replaced in soil by goethite, and dehydrated to hematite, formed nuclei for many pelletoids. Additionally, abundant small (≤10 mm) fragments of wood/charcoal, now goethite, were probably replaced in situ within the consolidating CID. This profusion of fossil wood, both as pelletoid nuclei and as discrete fragments, suggests major episodic wild fires in heavily vegetated catchments, a point supported by the abundance of kenomagnetite – maghemite developed from goethite in the pelletoids, but less commonly in the peloids. The matrix to the heterogeneous colluvial and intraformational components is essentially goethite, primarily derived from modified chemically precipitated iron hydroxyoxides, resulting from leaching of iron-rich soils in an organic environment, together with goethitic soil-derived alluvial material. Major variations in the granular ore CID after deposition have resulted from intermittent groundwater flow in the channels causing dissolution and reprecipitation of goethite and silica, particularly in the basal CID zones, with surface weathering of eroded exposures playing a role in masking some of these effects. However, significant variations in rock types in both the general CID and the granular ore CID have also resulted from the effects of varied provenance.     

北羌塘凹陷沃若山及邻区海相烃源岩形成时代

北羌塘凹陷沃若山、长蛇山、胜利河、西长梁地区出露海相含油泥页岩,以油页岩、暗色泥岩、黑色页岩、泥灰岩为主,TOC含量高、生烃潜力大,属优质烃源岩。在西长梁和长蛇山油页岩剖面,分别发现丰富的腕足和双壳化石。西长梁泥页岩含双壳类化石Limea(Pseudolimea) cf.duplicata(J. de C. Sowerby, 1827),Integricardium(Integricardium) cf.bannesianum(Contejean, 1860),Radulopecten laminates(J. Sowerby, 1818),Pholadomya(Bucardiomya)lirata(J. Sowerby)及腕足类化石Holocothyris-Burmirhynchia组合,指示沉积时代为早中侏罗世,层位不高于下巴通阶,地层单元归属雀莫错组。长蛇山油页岩含双壳类化石Chlamys(Chlamys)textoria(Schlotheim),Radulopecten fibrosus(J. Sowerby),Cercomya(Capillimya)striata(Agass...     

西准噶尔中古生代复理石相遗迹化石及其古环境意义

西准噶尔复理石相遗迹化石主要分布于上泥盆统-下石炭统塔尔巴哈台组以及石炭系的包古图组、太勒古拉组和哈拉阿拉特组中, 典型遗迹属包括Phycosiphon, Nereites, Megagrapton, Glockerichnus, Cochlichnus, Lophoctenium, Gordia, Chondrites, Zoophycos, Scolicia, Thalassinoides.这些遗迹化石构成具有典型深水Nereites遗迹相特征的Phycosiphon-Nereites遗迹化石组合和Megagrapton-Glockerichnus-Cochlichnus遗迹化石组合.包古图组和太勒古拉组属于海底扇中下扇扇缘-盆地平原环境; 哈拉阿拉特组和塔尔巴哈台组则属于海底扇中下扇扇叶环境.西准噶尔复理石相遗迹化石分布与鲍马序列的厚度密切相关, 在毫米-厘米级鲍马序列中, 遗迹化石属种单调且保存较差, 可见单一属的Phycosiphon或Nereites; 而在厘米-分米级鲍马序列中, 可见不同直径大小和形态上具有过渡的Phycosiphon和Nereites, 可能代表同种造迹生物不同个体发育阶段的生物遗迹.海底扇不同亚环境单个鲍马序列的厚度决定了底栖生物是否有足够的时间形成较为成熟的群落(包括一系列幼年和成年个体).      

吉林省抚松小营子组晚三叠世淡水双壳类化石组合的发现

本文记述了在吉林省抚松县小营子组首次发现的炭蚌、珠蚌、篮蚬超科中的共6个属,8个种,4个新种,并对它们的分类位置、组合特征以及该层的对比、地质时代、意义进行了讨论。     

柯克亚凝析气田中新统西河甫组季节性河流沉积特征研究

柯克亚凝析气田中新统西河甫组在沉积特征上与正常的曲流河相比较为相似，如具有较典型的二元结构、中等砂岩成熟度、两段式的概率累积曲线、以单向水流为主的牵引流占主导地位的沉积构造等，同时也具有一些特殊性：①未发现有植物根迹，也没有含煤地层出现，在河漫滩亚相中缺少沼泽微相。②存在异常水流活动以及指示洪水重力流作用存在的沉积构造；③存在能反映氧化、河流季节性活动以及干旱气候环境的丰富而独特的遗迹化石组合，如Scoyenia组合和Skolithos组合等，上述特征反映其为干旱气候下的季节性河流沉积。     

四川洪雅联合地区芦山组地层的发现及生物组合特征

本文在四川洪雅联合向斜原白垩系灌口组地层中新发现了古近系芦山组地层,并详细描述了洪雅联合地区芦山组实测地层剖面。结合前人研究资料讨论了川西地区芦山组的空间分布、岩性组合特征及沉积环境。根据化石组合及分布规律,在芦山组地层中划分出一个介形虫组合带(Pinnocypris-Limnocythere-Ilyocypris组合带)和两个轮藻组合带(Gyrogona qianjiangic-Obtusochara jianglingensi组合带及Maedlerisphaera chinensis-Obtasochara brevicylindrica组合带),据此推断川西地区芦山组的地质时代为晚始新世-中渐新世。