坡缕石粘土的酸化机理及其影响因素

酸化生产活性坡缕石粘土,对于提高其品位和高效利用有重要意义。坡缕石粘土酸化机理及影响因素研究对其高效利用具有重要理论意义和实践价值。本文综述了酸化坡缕石粘土矿物组分、矿物学、比表面和孔道变化的特征以及酸化的主要影响因素等,并就坡缕石粘土酸化过程中存在的问题及研究方向做了简要论述。     

Experimental Investigation of Eclogite Rheology and Its Fabrics at High Temperature and Pressure

Eclogite plays an important role in mantle convection and geodynamics in subduction zones. An improved understanding of processes in the deeper levels of subduction zones and collision belts requires information on eclogite rheology. However, the deformation processes and associated fabrics in eclogite are not well understood. Incompatible views of deformation mechanism have been proposed for both garnet and omphacite. We present here deformation behaviour of eclogite at temperatures of 1027–1427 °C, confining pressures of 2.5–3.5 GPa, and strain rates of 1 × 10^?5 s^?1 to 5 × 10^?4 s^?1. We obtained a power‐law creep for the high temperature and pressure deformation of a ‘dry’ eclogite (50 vol.% garnet, 40% omphacite and 10% quartz) with A = 10^{3.3 ± 1.0}, n = 3.5 ± 0.4, ΔE =403 ± 30 KJ mol^?1 and ΔV = 27.2 cm³ mol^?1. The two principal minerals of eclogite have greatly different strengths. Progressive increase of garnet results in a smooth increase in strength. Analysis by electron back‐scattered diffraction shows that: (1) garnet displays pole figures with near random distributions of misorientation angle under both dry and wet conditions; (2) omphacite shows pronounced lattice preferred orientations (LPOs), suggesting a dominant dislocation creep mechanism. Further investigation into the water effects on eclogite show: (3) water content does not influence the style of omphacite fabric but increases slightly the fabric strength; (4) grain boundary processes dominate the deformation of garnet under high water fugacity or high shear‐strain conditions, yielding a random LPO similar to that of non‐deforming garnet, despite the strong shape preferred orientation (SPO) observed. {110} [001] slip may dominate the deformation of rutile. Quartz displays complicated and inconsistent LPOs in eclogite. These results are remarkably similar to observations from deformed eclogites in nature.     

Outgoing long wave radiation variability from IR satellite data prior to major earthquakes

Our analysis of the continuous outgoing long wave earth radiation (OLR) indicates anomalous variations prior to a number of medium to large earthquakes. The most recent analysis of OLR is from the M9.0 Sumatra Andaman Islands mega trust event. We compared the reference fields for December 2001 to 2004 and found OLR anomalous values, > 80 W/m², (2σ) within the epicentral area on Dec 21, 2004, 5 days before the event. We used the NOAA/IR daily (one degree) and monthly (two and half degree) gridded data to differentiate between the global and seasonal variability and the transient local anomalies. The cause of such anomalies is not fully understood; one possible explanation is the existence of thermal outgoing radiation as a result of near ground air ionization and latent heat change due to change of air humidity and temperature. This phenomenon is hypothesized to be part of a relationship between tectonic stresses, electrochemical and thermodynamic processes in the atmosphere and increasing mid IR flux, all part of a family of electromagnetic (EM) phenomena related to earthquake activity. The time scale of the observed variations is a few weeks before the onset of the seismic event. In comparison with several years of data, the observed time-series preceding the earthquake had unusually high OLR. The OLR anomaly corresponds to a large area of ground coverage and coincides with the main epicentral zone. The significance of these observations is explored using data from most recent East Asian earthquake swarm of December 2004 and three other earthquakes.     

深圳市景亿山庄滑坡特征及成因分析

根据现场工程地质调查和勘察,论文深入分析了景亿山庄滑坡的变形特征、性质、变形机制,并探讨了滑坡的成因。指出在具有剥蚀残丘地貌特征的场地开挖以砂岩残积物为主要组成物质的边坡时,边坡高陡是造成边坡变形破坏的主要因素。长时间的持续降雨是诱发因素。对于陡倾原生节理裂隙发育的土质和类土质边坡,滑坡周界受边坡体内原生节理裂隙控制,滑坡后缘常沿该陡倾的节理裂隙发育。在深圳等降雨量大的亚热带气候区,若坡体内没有不利于边坡稳定的各种结构面,当边坡开挖高度不超过20m,总体坡率不陡于1∶1时,边坡能够保持短期稳定。但长期稳定性受当地降雨量和降雨强度的控制,开挖后若不采取适当的加固措施,易发生滑坡等浅层病害。其病害从孕育到发生可持续长达10a之久。通过论文的研究,可供在类似地区开挖边坡、整治边坡病害借鉴。     

国有企业法律风险防范机制的建立与健全

随着国有企业现代企业制度的建立，我国各项法律法规也日益完善。企业如何实现依法经营、强化内部管理，运用法律手段化解经营风险，是当前国有企业亟待解决的问题。国务院国资委下发的《中央企业重大法律纠纷案件管理暂行办法》要求中央企业逐步建立法律风险防范机制，设立企业法律顾问，把依法经营纳入企业管理的各个环节。分析了同有企业面临的法律风险现状和重要性之后，提出了建立法律风险防范机制的几项措施手段，以便为国企的健康发展保驾护航。     

ArcIMS的性能优化及高可用性配置研究

基于ArcIMS可以在Web上建立稳定的、高性能的GIS服务,着重阐述了如何最大程度地利用ArcIMS的技术优势,通过Web传送地图及其数据,如何配置ArcIMS系统以减少因为故障停机的概率,以及如何调整空间数据和地图服务来提高地图服务的性能。最后进行了网络评估和多任务机制分析,为不同的应用提供了不同的解决方案。     

The Atmospheric Oxidation of the HS Radical: Reaction with NO2

The atmospheric reaction between HS and NO₂ was theoretically investigated at 298 K and 1 atm of pressure. Our results show that the first reaction step will lead to the formation of HSNO₂ or HSONO, spontaneously and exothermically. HSONO easily decomposes into HSO + NO. On the other hand, HSNO₂ can hardly dissociate in the reactants, and its isomerization to other adducts is much hindered. Production of HNO + SO and SNO + OH was found to be unfavorable. Thus, the main products would be HSO + NO and HSNO₂, and new investigations focusing on the atmospheric fate of HSNO₂ are suggested. A general discussion of the fate of HS under atmospheric conditions is presented. Recent investigations indicate that NO₂, O₂ and N₂O should be the most important oxidants of HS, while the O₃ influence will not be significant.     

黔西北地区龙马溪组页岩有机质和脆性矿物的控缝机制

页岩"甜点"层段中有机质和脆性矿物对裂缝的发育具有极为重要的控制作用，揭示并把握裂缝萌生、发育和演化的机理与规律，对于压裂目标层段的优选以及页岩气增产和稳产具有极为重要的工程实践价值。以黔西北地区龙马溪组页岩为例，通过地化测试、岩石力学实验以及扫描电镜，深入剖析和揭示了"甜点"层段中与有机质和脆性矿物相关的控缝机制，并结合数值模拟实验展现了"甜点"层段中裂缝的形成和演化的完整过程。研究结果表明，有机质和脆性矿物的同步富集为裂缝的发育和演化提供了重要的物质基础，其中裂缝趋向于沿着有机质形成的结构面传播，有机质的孔隙结构对裂缝具有较为明显的诱导机制。在外力作用下，内在积累的能量转化为脆性矿物的变形和变位，脆性矿物含量越高者裂缝发育能力越强，裂缝发育程度越高。数值模拟实验呈现了一种由于有机孔隙和脆性矿物所导致的应力集中从而诱发裂缝萌生和演化的整个过程。该研究成果可为深化认识裂缝的成因机理以及压裂施工过程中相关压裂参数的调整提供一定的借鉴与参考。     

On the Dynamics of Dust Grains in a Hierarchical Environment

Most main sequence stars are binaries or higher multiplicity Systems and it appears that at birth most stars have circumstellar disks. It is commonly accepted that planetary systems arise from the material of these disks; consequently, binary and multiple systems may have a main role in planet formation. In this paper, we study the stage of planetary formation during which the particulate material is still dispersed as centimetre-to-metre sized primordial aggregates. We investigate the response of the particles, in a protoplanetary disk with radius R_D = 100 AU around a solar-like star, to the gravitational field of bound perturbing companions in a moderately wide (300–1600 AU) orbit. For this purpose, we have carried out a series of simulations of coplanar hierarchical configurations using a direct integration code that models gravitational and viscous forces. The massive protoplanetary disk is around one of the components of the binary. The evolution in time of the dust sub-disk depends mainly on the nature (prograde or retrograde) of the relative revolution of the stellar companion, and on the temperature and mass of the circumstellar disk. Our results show that for binary companions near the limit of tidal truncation of the disk, the perturbation leads to an enhanced accretion rate onto the primary, decreasing the lifetime of the particles in the protoplanetary disk with respect to the case of a single star. As a consequence of an enhanced accretion rate the mass of the disk decreases faster, which leads to a longer resultant lifetime for particles in the disk. On the other hand, binary companions may induce tidal arms in the dust phase of protoplanetary disks. Spiral perturbations with m = 1 may increase in a factor 10 or more the dust surface density in the neighbourhood of the arm, facilitating the growth of the particles. Moreover, in a massive disk (0.01M⊙) the survival time of particles is significantly shorter than in a less massive nebula (0.001M⊙) and the temperature of the disk severely influences the spiral-in time of particles. The rapid evolution of the dust component found in post T Tauri stars can be explained as a result of their binary nature. Binarity may also influence the evolution of circumpulsar disks. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Early star formation and the evolution of the stellar initial mass function in galaxies

It has frequently been suggested in the literature that the stellar IMF in galaxies was top-heavy at early times. This would be plausible physically if the IMF depended on a mass-scale such as the Jeans mass that was higher at earlier times because of the generally higher temperatures that were present then. In this paper it is suggested, on the basis of current evidence and theory, that the IMF has a universal Salpeter-like form at the upper end, but flattens below a characteristic stellar mass that may vary with time. Much of the evidence that has been attributed to a top-heavy early IMF, including the ubiquitous G-dwarf problem, the high abundance of heavy elements in clusters of galaxies, and the high rate of formation of massive stars in high-redshift galaxies, can be accounted for with such an IMF if the characteristic stellar mass was several times higher during the early stages of galaxy evolution. However, significant variations in the mass-to-light ratios of galaxies and large amounts of dark matter in stellar remnants are not as easily explained in this way, because they require more extreme and less plausible assumptions about the form and variability of the IMF. Metal-free 'population III' stars are predicted to have an IMF that consists exclusively of massive stars, and they could help to account for some of the evidence that has been attributed to a top-heavy early IMF, as well as contributing importantly to the energetics and chemical enrichment of the early Universe.