基于变焦数据模型的数字地图的研制

数字地图作为一种新型的地图受到人们越来越广泛的关注。数字地图包含着各种地图数据,为了在多种比例尺范围内能快速地检索地图数据,需要把地图数据分层存贮变焦。作者通过变焦数据模型原理,探讨如何建立多层存贮结构,将数字地图中的大比例尺地图数据库自动导出小比例尺图形。变焦数据模型是一种动态的数据模型, 在该模型中,图形比例尺的变化不是简单的图形尺寸的缩放,而是伴随着各个物体的细节和物体数量而增减。这种基于变焦数据模型建立的数字地图可以提高数据检索与图形表示的灵活性,减少大量不必要的用于重复获取数据而消耗的人力物力,广泛应用于各个领域。     

Comparison of Kuqa foreland basin with Persian Gulf Basin in salt tectonics

Compared Kuqa foreland basin with Persian Gulf Basin in development of salt layers, salt tectonics, and the relation between salt tectonics and hydrocarbon, it is concluded that the salt diapirs are relative to hydrocarbon. Searching salt diapirs and related traps in Kuqa foreland basin is important. The forming mechanism of salt tectonic in Kuqa foreland basin is different from that of Hormuz Series, but similar to that of Lower Fars Series/Gachsaran Formation. Inspired by the role of salt tectonics of Lower Fars Series/Gachsaran Formation in hydrocarbon accumulation, the authors considered that the exploration below salt layer should be enforced, and the traps below salt layer in the southern part of the Kuqa foreland basin would be found where salt layer is thicker. On the contrary, the traps should be found both above and below the salt layer in front of the northern mountain where salt layer is thin. The Triassic and Jurassic source rocks are rich in this area with great exploration prospective.     

APPLICATION OF MAP AND FILE INFORMATIONVISUALIZATION SYSTEM TO COMPREHENSIVEDIVISION OF NATURAL DISASTERS- Takingthe ChangjiangValleg as an Example

In recent years，scholars at home and abroad have method，and that vanous disasters would be analyzed assynthetically studied natural dlsaste‘theoretically and an Integral．SHI Peilun（1991）putforwad a scientificmethodologlcally，as well as its cases analys。s（CND，term—regional disaster system，which Indicates that1987； MA et al，1990； MARBLE，1990； NE et al，the situation of a disaster（calamity loss）results from1999； PATAK et al，1982； SHI，1991；VAN et al，h…     

CGE模型在地理学综合研究中的应用

地理学研究以综合性和区域性为特色。提高地表过程研究中人文与自然要素综合分析的深度与广度,寻找学科交叉的综合途径是地理学中具有挑战性的课题。可计算一般均衡模型(Computable General Equilibrium,CGE) 是环境与经济系统之间互动影响关系模拟的有力工具,在地理学综合研究中得到广泛应用。本文概括了CGE模型在资源环境的可持续性、气候变化与资源税、灾害与综合风险管理、污染物的区域环境过程等多个方面的应用,从模拟主体、模型约束、模拟方法以及过程与结果表达4 个角度,总结了CGE模型与地理学综合研究之间的契合点,并指出与地理学其他模型的耦合以及情景模拟的地理学依据是CGE模型下一步的发展方向。     

中国GIS产业发展问题与对策研究

虽然中国GIS产业比十多年前有了显著的进步,但是问题依然很多,集中表现为:GIS产业规模小、应用广度和深度不够;GIS产业服务体系不健全;GIS教育不能适应产业发展的需要;GIS标准化工作滞后。中国GIS产业的发展壮大,不仅需要地理信息技术的进步,GIS软件产品的创新,而且要建立相应的产业服务体系,加快GIS新型人才的培养。中国GIS产业发展过程中的一系列问题是环环相扣的,我们不应该就事论事、画地为牢,而是要“大处着眼、小处着手”,加强当前比较薄弱的产业环节。随着国家信息化进程的推进,特别是电子政务建设的兴起,中国GIS产业面临许多新的机遇。正视目前存在的问题,及时采取适宜的对策,中国GIS产业必将蓬勃发展。     

基于GIS技术的石羊河流域地下水资源时空格局分析

以地下水取水许可数据为主,结合社会-经济等相关要素,在石羊河流域建立地下水取水许可GIS空间数据库,并对其进行分析、统计、查询和图表输出,辅助流域的取水许可管理程序,服务于流域的水资源综合管理。通过这一过程,对石羊河流域在水资源管理中存在的问题进行分析、研究,并提出了相应的管理对策,目的在于使水资源管理政策更为科学合理,具有一定的现实意义。     

STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF A WATERSHED-SCALE SEDIMENT INFORMATION NETWORK

A "Watershed-Scale Sediment Information Network" (WaSSIN), designed to complement UNESCO’s International Sedimentation Initiative, was endorsed as an initial project by the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research. WaSSIN is to address global fluvial-sediment information needs through a network approach based on consistent protocols for the collection, analysis, and storage of fluvial-sediment and ancillary information at smaller spatial scales than those of the International Sedimentation Initiative. As a second step of implementation, it is proposed herein that the WaSSIN have a general structure of two components, (1) monitoring and data acquisition and (2) research. Monitoring is to be conducted in small watersheds, each of which has an established database for discharge of water and suspended sediment and possibly for bed load, bed material, and bed topography. Ideally, documented protocols have been used for collecting, analyzing, storing, and sharing the derivative data. The research component is to continue the collection and interpretation of data, to compare those data among candidate watersheds, and to determine gradients of fluxes and processes among the selected watersheds. To define gradients and evaluate processes, the initial watersheds will have several common attributes. Watersheds of the first group will be: (1) six to ten in number, (2) less than 1000 km2 in area, (3) generally in mid-latitudes of continents, and (4) of semiarid climate. Potential candidate watersheds presently include the Weany Creek Basin, northeastern Australia, the Zhi Fanggou catchment, northern China, the Eshtemoa Watershed, southern Israel, the Metsemotlhaba River Basin, Botswana, the Aiuaba Experimental Basin, Brazil, and the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, southwestern United States.     

Deep Processes of Basin Evolution:A Case Study of the Southern Songliao Basin and Adjacent Area,NE China in Mesozoic-Cenozoic

1IntroductionOne of the key factors related to basin geody-namics is deep process controlling formation and evolution of sedimentary basin. Depth and tempera-ture of asthenosphere,existence of mantle plume,occurrence of mantle melting,and amounts of melts under depressurization during thinning of lithosphere are controlling factors influenced formation and characteristics of extensional basin directly (Li,1994). Rifting is probably governed by frictional forces exerted on the base of litho…     

关于国有地了企业经营者实行年薪制的构想

为建立社会主义市场经济的地矿工作新秩序，本文对国有地矿企业的经营者（厂长、经理）这一特殊群体进行了分析。着重研究了新形势下企业经营者实行年薪制的问题。指出年薪制就是以企业一个生产经营周期为单位确定经营者的报酬，这一周期通常为一年。进而阐述了为什么要实行企业经营者年薪制；企业经营者的收入应与职工工资完全脱钩；采用基础报酬加效益报酬的方法确定收入等等。并构想了实行经营者年薪制所需要的外部环境：建立经营者人才市场、经营者要能进能出、实行任职资格制度、建立风险机制、按劳动力市场经济规律办事。     

Rockburst research at Falconbridge's Strathcona Mine,Sudbury, Canada

Microseismic systems at five mines in the Sudbury Basin provide the basic data for Falconbridge Limited's rockburst research. Daily and long-term analysis of this data as well as underground observations have confirmed the fault-slip mechanism at three mines. A detailed analysis of the complete history of Falconbridge Mine is being conducted and Distinct Element numerical models are being used to simulate both the stick-slip behaviour of faults and the dynamic effects of the induced vibrations on rock and backfill. University research includes acoustic tomographic imaging of the rock mass based on seismic wave propagation and collection of full microseismic waveforms to allow application of advanced seismic and statistical analysis techniques.Formerly with Mines Technical Services, Falconbridge Limited, Sudbury Operations, Falconbridge , Ont., P0M 1S0.Presented at the Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop on Mining Induced Seismicity, Montreal, Canada, August 30, 1987.