中国制造业FDI技术溢出效应——基于苏粤数据的实证与比较分析

选取2000—2009年江苏省和广东省为样本,考虑到技术溢出可能存在非线性和滞后性,构建引入了溢出变量的二次项和滞后一期的工业增加值面板数据模型,实证考察了外商直接投资在苏粤两省制造业各子行业产生的技术溢出效应。分析结果表明:江苏省FDI存在显著的行业内和后向技术溢出效应,广东省存在显著的行业内和行业间技术溢出效应。进一步通过对两省实证结果的对比,得出结论并提出政策建议。     

跨国零售企业在华区位研究——以沃尔玛和家乐福为例

与制造业外资高度集聚在沿海地区不同,服务业外资则沿着中国城市体系布局,消费者外资服务业在渗透大城市市场的同时,以等级式扩散方式向内陆地区城市扩张,以蔓延式扩散方式在都市圈内扩张。本文以沃尔玛和家乐福为例,研究跨国零售企业在中国的空间扩张。截止到2009年,沃尔玛超市已经渗透到许多中等城市,主要以等级式扩散方式进行空间扩张。家乐福超市则主要集中在珠三角、长三角和京津冀都市圈,在各都市圈内部蔓延式扩张。二项式逻辑模型分析表明,家乐福更重视本地化零售业市场规模与潜力,偏好零售业开放时间较长的城市,同时也关注竞争对手沃尔玛新开门店的城市选择。沃尔玛则重视利用零售业集聚经济和规模经济以及家乐福门店城市选择策略,但不在意本地零售业市场规模及其开放政策制度的影响。综合其空间扩散模式、物流配送以及区位选择行为,本文认为两个企业在中国采取了全球化与本土化兼顾的战略,从而得以在中国实现快速扩张。     

广州外来研究生岭南文化融入研究

作为高校密集地之一,广州每年都有大量来自全国各地的学生来此读研深造。异地求学的过程,同时也是一个文化融入过程。首先采用语义集调查法,明晰外来研究生对岭南文化的3个基本审视基点：高消费经济、学术氛围差、竞争压力大。在此基础上,通过问卷调查对外来研究生群体对岭南文化的认知评价和适应范式进行了逐一剖析,总结得出其在岭南文化融入进程中表现出倾向于主动吸纳、自觉内化和行为仿同的融入特征,并呈现出较为理想的积极共存文化融入型态这一研究结论。     

国外国家公园社区问题研究综述

周边社区是建设国家公园过程中一个不可回避的方面。通过系统梳理和回顾国外相关研究文献,对国外国家公园社区问题的研究内容和研究方法进行归纳总结,把握目前国外国家公园社区问题的研究现状,为中国同主题的研究提供一定的理论借鉴。国外对国家公园社区问题的研究主要集中在国家公园对社区的影响、社区对国家公园的影响与认知、社区参与、社区利益分配、土地利用等方面;研究方法多以定量分析为主,多为实证研究。研究表明,对于国家公园的研究需在社区利益分配、社区土地利用、社区可持续发展、社区需求等方面进一步细化、加深。社区参与是未来国家公园可持续发展的重要手段之一,因此对其参与方式、利益分配机制、利益保护的研究将是重点。     

Local government, local economic development and quality of life in Poland

The establishment of local self-government was a key part of the post-1989 transformation in East and Central Europe. Local government in both Western and East and Central Europe has increasingly been expected to play a role in local economic development (LED). Local government is one important agent in the complex processes of building 'institutional thickness' to ensure the development of local economies and the quality of life of inhabitants. This paper presents the results of a national postal questionnaire survey of the LED role of the lowest level of local self-government in Poland, the gmina or commune. The paper establishes a baseline of knowledge regarding: the local economic problems faced by communes; their attitudinal, strategic and organisational responses; and the main factors which are hindering the communes' LED role. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

JAPAN'S DIRECT MANUFACTURING INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES

Japan is the most important foreign investor in the United States. Japanese companies are trade-oriented and have ownership-specific advantages in select industries; their US investment is aimed at protecting their market share. The distribution of Japanese plants correlates well with US manufacturing, except that the West Coast and states that aggressively sought Japanese investment have more employees in Japanese plants. Japanese presence in US manufacturing is most prominent in consumer electronics, steel, automobiles, and high-technology industries.     

天津市服务业利用外商投资的实证分析

服务业的发展是促进全球经济增长的重要力量,发达国家普遍呈现出产业结构高级化特征。利用外商投资可以促进中国服务业的发展,是加快经济发展的有效手段。通过对天津市服务业发展以及服务业利用外商直接投资现状的分析,对服务业外商直接投资与经济增长的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:服务业外商直接投资不仅促进了天津经济的增长,同时,还对资本积累、产业结构、技术水平、就业程度及人力资本产生了不同程度的促进作用;技术水平进步、就业水平的提高、人力资本的提升又将带动天津经济增长。天津市应发挥现代服务业发展的优势,发挥天津自贸区的区位优势和政策优势,积极承揽国际服务外包。     

A Study on the Spatial Distribution of China’s Potential Foreign Cooperation on Grain from Geographical View

Further utilization of global agricultural resources and the expansion of potential international cooperation space are necessary measures to promote a new level of China’s national food security and optimize the structure of domestic food consumption. This study measured the global potential cultivated land area and national grain self-sufficiency. Based on the two-above measures, the authors made a classification of China’s foreign agricultural cooperation countries and depicted the spatial pattern of cooperation based on the grain trades of those countries with China. The grain exporters include Australia, North America, South America, Eastern Europe and Central Asia; and the target countries for “going abroad” of Chinese grain enterprises are mainly located in Sub-Saharan Africa and northern Latin America. This study proposes that China’s policy of cooperation on grain should be shifted to non-traditional partners alongside the “Belt and Road Initiative” region. Specifically, China could expand grain imports from Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and other East European and Central Asian countries, and the direction for China’s agricultural enterprises “going abroad” should shift to Sub-Sahara Africa.     

Foreign Direct Investment,Ecological Withdrawals,and Natural-Resource-Dependent Economies

This article examines the relationships between foreign direct investment (FDI) and natural resource depletion and natural resource rents for a longitudinal (2005–2013: N?=?125 nations) sample of less developed countries (LDCs). Theoretically, we argue that FDI contributes to increased ecological withdrawals and dependence on the natural resource sector for economic growth within countries. We hypothesized that LDCs with higher levels of FDI would also have higher levels of natural resource depletion and income (i.e., rents). We assess whether this hypothesized relationship holds across nations in our sample for four different natural resource depletion and rents measures (energy, forest, mineral, and total natural resources). We find strong support for our hypotheses regarding natural resource depletion and resource rents, with the exception of energy rents. The outcome lends support to the ecological withdrawal and ecostructural theory of foreign investment dependence perspectives.     

城市生态空间研究进展与展望

城市生态空间是城市空间的重要组成部分,是跨人文地理学、城市规划、生态学等的交叉研究领域。本文基于国内外相关文献的全面分析,界定了城市生态空间的概念,总结了国内城市生态空间研究进展和局限,指出国外研究在城市生态空间对居民福祉作用与机理,生态空间感知、使用行为及其影响因素,生态空间的经济与社会文化影响及其机理,生态空间治理方法与原理,公平理念指引下生态空间格局及其优化等5个方面取得重要进展。在研究方法上,注重空间分析、心理感知与社会调查等多方法的应用。基于国内研究局限,借鉴国外研究进展,提出中国城市生态空间应以居民福祉为核心,重视加强社会—生态空间的交互关系与机理研究,推进生态空间格局公平性及其规划模式研究,加强城市生态空间的空间治理与优化调控研究;在研究方法上,应注重融入人文—经济地理研究思想及其综合方法。