准噶尔盆地滴北凸起早石炭世沉积充填特征及油气地质意义

利用钻井、测井、地震、古生物及地化分析资料,研究了准噶尔盆地滴北凸起早石炭世构造环境、沉积充填特征及其油气地质意义。结果表明,滴北凸起早石炭世发育半地堑式伸展断陷,发育海相复理石建造并发育海底火山喷发岩,具备烃源岩的发育环境。泉5井最新的地化分析表明,该区烃源岩发育且成熟度高,为好较好烃源岩;这个结果改写了滴北凸起石炭系烃源岩成熟度低、无勘探潜力的认识。依据克拉美丽气田“近源隆控”的成熟勘探模式,提出滴北凸起发育“源储一体”和“近源隆控”2种模式,明确了有利勘探区带。     

Cretaceous flysch and pelagic sequences of the Eastern Alps: correlations, heavy minerals, and palaeogeographic implications

Flysch and pelagic sedimentation of the Penninic and Austroalpine tectonic units of the Eastern Alps are results of the closure of the Tethyan-Vardar and the Ligurian-Piemontais Oceans as well as of the progressive deformation of the Austroalpine continental margin. The Austroalpine sequences are characterized by Lower Cretaceous pelagic limestones or minor carbonate flysch and various siliciclastic mid- and Upper Cretaceous flysch formations. Chrome spinel is the most characteristic heavy mineral delivered by the southern Vardar suture, the northern obduction belt at the South Penninic-Austroalpine margin and its continuation into the Klippen belt sensu lato of the Carpathians. The South Penninic sequences, e.g. the Arosa zone, the Ybbsitz Klippen zone and some flysch nappes also contain chrome spinel, whereas the sediments of the North Penninic Rhenodanubian flysch zone are characterized by stable minerals and garnet.     

西藏吉隆地区白垩纪复理石相遗迹化石及其地质意义

系统描述了西藏南部吉隆地区白垩纪甲不拉组和宗卓组首次发现的复理石相遗迹化石5属、7种。主要遗迹属有Chondrites,Cosmorhophe helminthoida,Muensteria,Phycosiphon,Phymatoderma。遗迹化石的形态、习性、水深分布等环境成因特征清楚地显示其为深海Nereites遗迹相的典型代表，反映复理石相深水沉积环境特征。     

赣西南早古生代复理石地层的沉积相、环境和旋回

对赣西南地区塞武纪－奥陶纪复理石的沉积学研究表明，它们主要由深水沉积组成，属于浊流沉积和远洋一半远洋沉积，其中包含５个不同相类型，即砂岩相、砂岩－泥岩相、粉砂岩－泥岩相、泥（板）岩相和硅岩相。相的分布特征反映它们形成于中扇、外扇和深海平原环境。复理石层序中存在３个不同级别的沉积旋回，分别为海平面变化、盆地沉降和海底扇进积作用所控制。     

Radiolarians of the upper Cenomanian and lower Turonian from deposits of the Ananuri Formation, the western Caucasus (Lazarevskoe area)

Diverse radiolarians (over 70 species) are detected in cherty rocks above the bituminous shale horizon, the marker of anoxic event OAE-2 recorded across the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the upper part of the Ananuri Formation of flyschoid deposits, the Lazarevskoe area of the western Caucasus. The radiolarian assemblages studied are comparable in composition with radiolarians from concurrent Cenomanian-Turonian boundary strata in other Mediterranean regions (e.g., in the Crimea and Turkey). The lower radiolarian assemblage includes index species Dactyliosphaera silviae of synonymous Cenomanian zone. Alievium superbum present in the upper assemblage is index species of the relevant Turonian zone. Within the studied flyschoid sequence, sediments indicative of the above event (bituminous shales and cherts) are confined to upper elements of flysch rhythms.     

Tafoni in the El Chorro area,Andalucia, southern Spain

Using a combination of field, laboratory and micromorphological evidence, this study examines tafoni (singular, tafone) in the El Chorro area of Andalucia, southern Spain, and makes inferences concerning the processes responsible for their formation. Twenty-five tafoni were randomly selected for field examination. The morphology of these cavernous rock domes is characterized by a helmet-shaped outer roof and an arched-shaped cavern, often with a partially overhanging visor; measurements of height, width and depth of the caverns revealed marked variations in size. The presence or absence of lichen cover, surface varnish, overhanging visor, cavern backwall stripes, rock flaking, weathering pits and cavern floor sediments was also noted. Surface hardness values, obtained using a Schmidt hammer, are relatively low but significantly higher on the outer roof of the tafoni than on the inner cavern walls. Analysis of sediment samples collected from the cavern backwalls and floors indicates predominantly sandy textures, alkaline pH values and some base cation enrichment. Micromorphological analysis of thin sections, prepared from undisturbed blocks, reveals large quantities of pore-filling cement, consisting mainly of calcite, mineral grains affected by weathering and pseudomorphic replacement, and dark, rounded nodules with a metallic appearance. In terms of their formation, different processes appear to act on different parts of the landform. On the outer roof surfaces, case hardening, resulting from near-surface cementation and surface varnish development, is dominant. On the inner cavern surfaces, however, core softening, resulting from granular disintegration and flaking, dominates. Exfoliation weathering, running water and wind deflation also appear to play an important role in tafone formation. A phased model of tafone evolution is proposed whereby the features pass through four phases of development–initiation, enlargement, amalgamation and degradation; in the study area there are examples of tafoni in each of these phases. Much of the evidence suggests that the tafoni are actively developing under current environmental conditions. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparing the Upper Triassic Deep-sea Flysch of theShannan Terrane with the Coeval Shallow Shelf Sediments ofthe Tethys Himalaya,Southern Tibet

The provenance and paleogeography of the Upper Triassic deep-sea flysch Langjiexue Group(LG) of the Shannan Terrane in the northeastern Himalaya orogen, south of Yarlung Zangbo, have been disputed in recent years since its affinity to the Tethys Himalaya was suspected during the early 2000 s. Based on the earlier discoveries of the Upper Permian–Triassic basalts and mafic dykes from the LG and of coeval detrital zircons from the Qulonggongba Formation(QF) in shallow shelf sediments of the Tethys Himalaya, the previous viewpoints on the basin and tectonics of the LG have been recently rejected. We compared the two units of the Upper Triassic, and our results reveal a number of differences,discrepancies, and inconsistencies in the debate, raising crucial questions on the postulation and provenance model of the remote Gondwanide Orogen for the LG. It is suggested that more observations and evidence are needed to further improve the paleogeographic understanding and relationship of the two units.     

米钵山组复理石中的内潮汐沉积

贺兰拗拉谷米钵山组复理石由具有递变层理、双向交错层理、单向交错层理、复杂多向交错层理、飘逸层理和波痕构造的韵律性砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩薄互层组成。根据双向沉积构造等典型物性特征识别出5种内潮汐沉积微相,即飘逸层理砂泥岩韵律性薄互层微相,单向交错层和交错纹理砂岩粉砂岩微相,双向交错纹理和羽状交错纹理砂岩粉砂岩微相。结果表明：研究区复理石为深水牵引流（内波、内潮汐）、重力流以及原地沉积复合成因;经典的鲍玛序列是有待商榷的;重力流与牵引流存在流态转化。     

大别山北部的变质复理石推覆体

大别山北部的变质复理石推覆体属华北大陆板块南部的盖层推覆体,主要包括佛子岭群和卢镇关群。其时代主要为震旦纪—早古生代至泥盆纪。变质作用主要为角闪岩相—绿片岩相,在靠近变质蛇绿混杂岩带附近的部分（佛子岭群）可能曾经因卷入变质蛇绿混杂岩带而有过麻粒岩相或榴辉岩相（？）变质作用。变质复理石推覆体中岩石变形强烈,但不同地段变形程度不等。