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11.
Lallan Prasad Gupta Hodaka Kawahata Mio Ltakeuchi Hidekazu Ohta Yoshiro Ono 《Resource Geology》2006,56(2):191-196
Abstract. Oxidation and reduction processes can influence extent of leaching of elements from solid waste. Three samples of municipal solid waste combustion fly ash were subjected to oxidizing and reducing conditions in order to evaluate leaching of elements in the Milli-Q water and fly ash (liquid to solid ratio, 100) mixtures. Although the oxidizing and reducing conditions were applied for 6 hours only, elements like Cs, Li, Mg, Sb, Tl and V leached more under oxidizing condition than under reducing condition in the case of all three ash samples. Cadmium, Pb and Zn leached more from all samples under reducing condition than under oxidizing condition. Leaching of other elements like Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni and Rb was inconsistent with oxidizing or reducing conditions and varied from sample to sample, suggesting that factors other than redox may be more important in controlling leaching of these elements. Strong acid neutralization capacity of the fly ash samples let the pH vary within a narrow range, and thus severely limited the extent of leaching during the course of the experiment. Lead and Zn were the most sensitive while K and Na were the least sensitive to changes in redox conditions. 相似文献
12.
Ben J. Williamson Claire J. Horwell 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):224-225
A link between the inhalation of respirable silicas (SiO2) and respiratory diseases such as silicosis is widely recognized. Ash from dome collapse eruptions on Montserrat has been found to contain high levels (〉20%) of silicas in the form of cristobalite, tridymite, quartz and/or amorphous silica. The toxicity of these silica polymorphs varies widely. Cristobalite and quartz (tridymite less well established) are viewed as carcinogenic to humans whereas amorphous silica generally shows a reduced biological response. In assessing the potential health effects of volcanic ash particulates it is vital to determine the types and concentration of silicas as well as their size (respirable fraction), shape and surface properties. The aim of this study is to develop methods to assess potentially toxic respirable airborne silicas in the dome collapse ash (applicable to a range of ash types) and to develop a model to predict the levels and types of respirable silicas from future eruptions. The model is being developed by comparing dome rock with related ash from a series of previous eruption events. Mineralogical assessment using conventional scanning X-ray diffraction (XRD) was hampered by difficulties in differentiating characteristic peaks for cristobalite and tridymite in complex multi-component ash samples (containing high levels of plagioclase). These difficulties have been largely overcome using an Enraf-Nonius PDS120 diffractometer with curved (120 degrees 20) position sensitive detector (PSD). The determination of size, shape and elemental characteristics of ash particulate and dome rock samples has been carried out using automated analytical scanning electron microscopy. The quantification of mineral proportions using PSD-XRD was highly successful with an accuracy of 1 to 2 wt%. However, the determination of phase proportions using automated analytical SEM was problematic due to scattering effects and the multiphase nature of many of the particles. 相似文献
13.
Evangelos I. Stavridakis 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(2):379-398
Major geotechnical problems in construction involving silty–clayey soils are due to their low strength, durability and high
compressibility of soft soils, and the swell–shrink nature of the overconsolidated swelling soils. Confronted with these problems,
a suitable ground improvement technique is needed, for deep excavations in soft clays, for stability, durability and deformation
control. Cement-stabilization is one of the alternatives. An increase in strength and durability, reduction in deformability
are the main aims of this method. Conventional cement-stabilization methods are used mainly for surface treatment. However,
the use of cement has recently been extended to a greater depth in which cement columns were installed to act as a type of
soil reinforcement (deep cement–soil mixing and cement jet grouting). In situ engineering properties of these silty–clayey soils are often variable and difficult to predict. For this reason cement-stabilization
methods have a basic target to control the aforementioned engineering properties of these clays so that the properties of
a silty–clayey soil become more like the properties of a soft rock such as clayey shale or lightly cemented sandstone. So
cement-stabilization of these soils is essential to control their engineering properties and to predict their engineering
behaviour for construction. In an effort to predict, classify and study the suitability of silty–clayey soils for cement-stabilization
both slaking and unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out on clayey–sand mixtures consisted of two types of
clays, kaolin and bentonite. Finally diagrams were prepared to study the variation of slaking and strength due to compaction,
curing time and cement percentage and also to predict areas of efficient cement-stabilization. 相似文献
14.
Synthesis of zeolites using fly ash and their application in removing heavy metals from waters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fly ash is the solid waste of thermal power plants where coal is used as fuel, and its management and utilization have been of environmental concern for decades. Since the technique of synthesizing zeolite from coal fly ash was introduced by Holler[1] (19… 相似文献
15.
张志沛 《水文地质工程地质》1997,24(1):56-58
通过目前国内外现有资料的对比研究,对严重影响石太高速公路修建和运营的柏井采空区采用压力注浆的方法,充填采空区上覆的裂隙冒落带,以达到加固地基的目的。灌注材料选用水泥和粘土,水固比为1:1.5,依据地面构造物不同,在桥涵地段采用1:0.8:0.7(水:水泥:粘土,下同)的配比,在边坡地段采用1:0.5:1的与比,在一般路段采用1:0.3:1的配比,灌注浆液的结石体在采空区及上覆的裂隙冒落带中充填率达 相似文献
16.
17.
Sewage sludge ash (SSA), the waste generated in sewage sludge incineration, was obtained from Wuhan Sewage Treatment Plant and used as a low-cost sorbent for removing Cu(Ⅱ) from wastewaters. The sorbent was first modified with 5 % sulfuric acid to increase its sorption capacity. The specific surface area, porosity, cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and pHZPC of the sorbent were measured. Batch experiments were made to study the effect of contact time, solution pH value and temperature on sorption. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models well described the Cu(Ⅱ) sorption process, with correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.993 4 and 0.989 9 respectively. And the sorption process follows the Lagergren first order kinetic model. The equilibrium sorption capacity of acidified SSA to Cu(Ⅱ) is estimated to be 7.78 mg/g under optimal conditions. 相似文献
18.
Maria Mastalerz James C Hower Agnieszka Drobniak Sarah M Mardon Grzegorz Lis 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2004,59(3-4):171-192
This paper presents data on the properties of coal and fly ash from two coal mines and two power plants that burn single-source coal from two mines in Indiana. One mine is in the low-sulfur (<1%) Danville Coal Member of the Dugger Formation (Pennsylvanian) and the other mines the high-sulfur (>5%) Springfield Coal Member of the Petersburg Formation (Pennsylvanian). Both seams have comparable ash contents (11%). Coals sampled at the mines (both raw and washed fractions) were analyzed for proximate/ultimate/sulfur forms/heating value, major oxides, trace elements and petrographic composition. The properties of fly ash from these coals reflect the properties of the feed coal, as well as local combustion and post-combustion conditions. Sulfur and spinel content, and As, Pb and Zn concentrations of the fly ash are the parameters that most closely reflect the properties of the source coal. 相似文献
19.
We study the mineralogical changes suffered by specimens of natural miocene red and green continental sandstones (from Pozuelos Formation and Tiomayo Formation) cropping out in the Argentine Puna that increase their bulk magnetic susceptibility and change color when thermally treated. We hypothesize that on heating siderite, which is present in small quantities as cement in the studied sandstones, would oxidize and decompose into maghemite and/or magnetite. Subsequent heating to higher temperatures sometimes would bring about the conversion of maghemite and/or magnetite to hematite. Mössbauer spectroscopy proved to be a very valuable tool for the determination of the presence of siderite in small amounts in the studied samples. The present results show that further work is needed in order to fully understand the mineralogical changes suffered by continental sandstones during heating. The characterization of such changes occurred during laboratory routines is relevant, since they can help to better understand natural processes. 相似文献
20.